Wareegga of walxaha in biosphere ah

Ku dhawaad kasta oo dhigta dugsiga ogyahay in wareegga ah ee arrinta ku biosphere ah, oo ay la socdaan isbeddel ah ee tamarta waxaa aasaas u ah jiritaanka dabiiciga ah iyo wax walba oo ku xiran waxaa la. Aad schematically, silsiladan lagu soo koobi karaa sida soo socota. Dabcan dhaca noolaha ku baabbi'iyee xaddi badan oo macdanta dabiiciga ah isla, oo uu dhintay ka dib, qaab xubno ka kiimikada kala duwan ee dib jawi isku mid ah, sidaas la xirrira, baaskiil ee arrinta ku biosphere ah. Nidaamkan waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaannaa habka biogenic, iyo meel u socodka ah ee uu fal jawiga, lithosphere iyo hydrosphere. ifafaale wax isbadal meertada noqnoqonaysa on wareegyo kala duwan keentay in magaca - wareegga.

Ku dhowaad oo aan marka laga reebo, noolaha yihiin ku lug leh silsiladan. Tusaale ahaan, dhirta cagaaran baabbi'in, oo waa in hawada, carbon dioxide, macdanta, iyo oxygen deegaanka go'doon.

Fauna neefsan oxygen la mid ah, kaas oo la sii daayay by dhirta, iyo marka ay cunaan dhirta, kuwaas oo, uu u nuugo oo dib u arrinta organic. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, dhimasho of dhirta iyo xoolaha ka dib, hadhaagii ay baaraandegi by bakteeriyo kala duwan si ay u sameeyaan carbon dioxide iyo diinta xeryahooda organic in walax macdanta.

Markaas wareegga ah ee walxaha ku biosphere ka - geeddi-socodka ah ee soo jeestay oo walxaha barakac soo baxa ee ciidda, halkaas oo ay ka dhici macdanta, ka dibna, markeeda, nuugo by dunida geedka. Si Loo soo kobo wareegga this heer qaaradda, waa in ay noqon gabagabo si caddaalad ah oo fudud - ka atamka qaar ka mid ah walxaha kiimikada ugu aasaasiga ah, ay galaan geedi socodka socda ee socdaalka, ma aha oo kaliya mid ka mid shaqeeyo in kale, laakiin ka mid ah nooca deegaan midka kale - si joogto ah la joogo ciida, jawiga iyo hydrosphere.

Tirada wareegyada sida durba waa la koobi karayn, tusaale ahaan, waxaa la qiyaasayaa in ogsijiin ku atmosfeerta in ay ilaa xad buuxa in laba sano oo kaliya la yar kun maraa noolaha ku nool. dhaqdhaqaaq la mid ah ka dhigaya iyo carbon dioxide, ka dibna kaliya wareegga qaadataa waqti yar - sano oo keliya 200-300. Iyadoo qayb ka ah habka this, kaas oo ah wareegga ah ee arrinta ku biosphere ah, mid ka mid ah wareegga kaliya ee daaweynta waxaa lagu magacaabaa wareegyada biogeochemical.

Maxaa waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa wareegga this? Nasiib darro, dhamaystiran, iyo ugu muhiimsan, ka buuxa jawaabo su'aashan jiro. kalsoonaan karo caddayn karaa in mid ka mid ah sababaha ay guushu ku caqabadaha khayraadka ee dhulkeenna. kala duwanaansho kale oo jawaabta laga yaabaa in lagu tiirsan waxbarista Vernadsky weyn on biosphere ee kaasii sheegay jiritaanka isbeddelkaas meel, taas oo ay sabab ma ahan oo keliya in baaskiil ee arrinta, laakiin sidoo kale beddeli dhawaaqa content caalamka. Waxaa la aqoonsan yahay in dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee wareegyada, sida aynu wax uusan iyaga localize in waqti iyo meel, waxay leeyihiin mid ka mid ah wax ka wadaagaan dhammaan hantidooda. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah waxay ku xiran yihiin geedi socodkii -shiid tamarta. Marka hore, sida ku saleysan wareegga, waxay u qabata tamarta ee qorraxda. Ka dibna waxaa beddelay noocyada kala duwan ee kiimikada tamarta iyo transformations jirka, laakiin maxaa yeelay, waxaan ka hadli karnaa wareegga ah ee ka iman karta tamarta, maxbuus ee biosphere ah. Stability ee geedi socodka tamarta iyo daaweynta noolaha waa xaalad guud ee gobolka caadi ah oo xasilloon ee biosphere ah.

Sida hore u soo sheegnay, mid ka mid ah "xubnaha firfircoon" ugu Bannaanka waa carbon. Joogitaanka element this in ku dhowaad dhammaan walxaha organic macquul sharxayaa wareegga carbon in biosphere ah. In geeddi-socodka ah ee photosynthesis, carbon-assimilates dhirta goobaha Biosphere iyo beddelay carbohydrates. Marka Neefta ee noolaha, geedi socodka ayaa ka bedelan, iyo iyada oo sababtu tahay waxa la qaatay kaydka badan ee wareegga carbon ah. qodobada ugu muhiimsan in loo go'aamiyo daaweynta carbon waa Neefta oo photosynthesis.

Sidoo kale mid ka mid ah xubno waaweyn oo dhan arrinta organic waa nitrogen. Uu, sida qayb muhiim ah, waxa ku jira ATP, borotiinada, acids nucleic. Nitrogen, waxaa ugu horayn in jawiga, iyo caanaha kelli ma ogola dhirta si ay si toos ah u isticmaalaan. Sidaa darteed dhirta ku baabbi'iyee nitrogen sida walxaha imanba. Hababka by kaas oo nitrogen waa bixisey dhulka ama biyaha, way kala duwan yihiin, si wareegga of nitrogen waxaa la kala duwanaayeen in biosphere ah. Tusaale ahaan, qaar ka mid ah xeryahooda nitrogen sameeyay in jawiga lagu jiro onkodka. Iyada oo roobka ama ay maamulaan-off waxay tagaan dalka webiga, ciidda, gudubno, halkaas oo markaas u nuugo by dhirta.

Sida laga arki karo, in kiisaska oo dhan, noolaha yihiin aasaas u ah formation of qalabka circuit in biosphere ah.