Inorganics

Inorganics - sida kiimikada xeryahooda oo ka duwan aan ku jira organic carbon (kale oo aan ahayn cyanides, carbides, carbon oxides, carbonates iyo dhawr kale oo xeryahooda dhaqan ahaan ay leeyihiin this group).

Qoondaynta oo ah walxaha ka imanba sida soo socota. Waxaa jira arrin fudud: non-birta (H2, N2, O2), biraha (Na, amayno, Fe), walxaha fudud amphoteric (Mn, amayno, Al), gaasas sharaf leh (Xe, wuxuu, RN) iyo oxides walxaha adag (H2O, CO2, P2O5); hydroxides (Ca (OH) 2, H2SO4); cusbada (CuSO4, NaCl, KNO3, Ca3 (PO4) 2) iyo xarunta a binary.

taagoo Simple (Singleton) walxaha waxaa ka kooban oo kaliya atamka gaar ah (hal) ee foomka (element). Iyagu ma cawisa in falgalka kiimikada oo aadan awood u sameynta waxyaabaha kale. walxaha Simple markeeda kala qaybsan yihiin macdanaha iyo non-birta. xuduud cad cad u dhaxeeya ma jiraan sababta oo ah awoodda ay walxaha fudud muujiyaan guryaha dual. Qaar ka mid ah muujiyaan astaamaha xubno isku mar iyo macdanaha iyo nonmetals. Waxaa loo yaqaan amphoteric.

gaasas Noble - fasalka u gaar ah oo walxaha imanba, Waxay taagan soo baxay ka mid kale oo gaar ah asalnimada. Kuwanu waa waxyaalaha aasaaska ah ee VIIIA-group.

Awoodda qaar ka mid ah waxyaabaha ay u sameeyaan a dhismeedka yar oo sahlan kala duwan iyo guryaha, loo yaqaan allotropism. Tusaale ahaan waxaa laga yaabaa in xubno ka C, carbyne la xirrira diamond iyo graphite; O - Allena iyo oxygen; P - caddaan, casaan, madow iyo kuwa kale. Tani waxay ifafaale suurto gal ah waxaa sabab u ah tirada kala duwan ee atamka ee Britain iyo formation of atamka awoodda ay foomamka crystalline kala duwan.

Ka sokow fasal fudud walax imanba aasaasiga ah waxaa ka mid ah xeryahooda adag. xeryahooda Under adag (laba ama multi-element) macnaheedu xeryahooda ee xubno ka kiimikada. Kuwaas oo u taagoo ka kooban yihiin atamka ee kala duwan noocyada (kala duwan xubno ka). Marka ballaadhinta ee falgalka kiimikada ay sameeyaan walxaha kale oo ka. Qaybsan saldhig, oxides, acids iyo cusbada.

saldhigyadii ku xiran yihiin atamka bir ah kooxaha hydroxyl (ama koox a) ah. xeryahooda Kuwani waxa loo qaybiyaa L (alkali) iyo beelaya biyo.

Oxides ka kooban yihiin laba cunsur, mid ka mid ah taas oo ay daruuri tahay waa oxygen. Waxay yihiin nesoleobrazuyuschimi iyo cusbo-sameynta.

Hydroxides - yihiin walxaha kaas oo loo sameeyay inta lagu guda jiro dhexgalka (toos ah ama aan toos ahayn) biyo. Waxaa ka mid ah: a saldhigga (Al (OH) 3, Ca (OH) 2), acid (HCL, H2SO4, HNO3, H3PO4 ), hydroxides amphoteric (Al (OH) 3, amayno (OH) 2). In xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya noocyada kala duwan ee hydroxides loo sameeyay cusbada oxygenated.

Cusbada kala qaybsan yihiin dhexdhexaad ah (ka kooban siifilisku iyo anions - Ca3 (PO4) 2, Na2SO4); acid (in moiety acid ku jira atamka hydrogen kuwaas oo badeli by siifilisku -NaHSO3, CaHPO4), aasaasiga ah (ka kooban yihiin oxo ama hydroxo - Cu2CO3 (OH) 2); double (waxaa ku jira laba kala duwan Waxyeelo waxbarashada) iyo / ama adag (oo ay ku jiraan laba kala duwan acidic hadhay) cusbo (CaMg (CO3) 2, K3 [Fe (CN) 6]).

Binary xarunta (a caddaalad ah oo waaweyn fasalka ka mid ah maaddooyinka) qaybsan anoxic acid (H2S, HCL); cusbada anoxic (CaF2, NaCl) iyo xarumaha kale ee (CaC2, AlH3, CS2).

qalabka imanba leeyihiin lafaha carbon ah, taas oo ku salaysan xeryahooda organic.

jidhka bini'aadamka waa, sida walxaha organic (34%), sida xarunta imanba. Arintaan waxaa ka mid ah, ugu horrayn, biyaha (60%) iyo cusbo calcium kuwaas oo inta badan ka kooban yahay lafaha aadanaha.

walxaha imanba ee jidhka bini'aadamka waa 22 xubno ka kiimikada. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid yihiin birta. Iyadoo ku xiran fiirsashada of xubno ka ee jidhka ay u yeedheen waxaa la siinayo (ee u shaqeeyo taas oo waa in aan ka badnayn 0,005% by miisaanka) iyo macrocells. Lagama maarmaanka u ah nafaqeeyayaalka yar u shaqeeyo waa iodine, birta, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, Cobalt, chromium, selenium, fluoride. Waxay qaadashada cuntada ee jirka waa lagama maarmaanka u ah in ay nolol caadi ah. Macronutrients sida calcium, fosfooraska, iyo chlorine waa ku salaysan unugyo badan.