Arrinta organic sifooyinka iyo kala soocidda

walxaha Organic - kuwani waa xeryahooda kuwaas oo ka kooban atamka ee carbon. Weli in marxaladaha hore ee horumarinta chemistry, walxaha dhan loo qaybiyay laba kooxood: macdanta iyo organic. Oo waayahaas oo waxa la filayay, in si loo synthesize arrinta organic Waa in aad leedahay "xoog nolosha" aan horay loo arag in u gaar ah ku nool nidaamka noolaha. Sidaa darteed ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee xeryahooda organic ka soo macdanta aan macquul aheyn. Waxa ay ahayd oo keliya in bilawgii qarnigii 19aad, F. Weller beeniyay opinion jira iyo HOL dhexsameeysmo jirka ka cyanate ammonium, in uu yahay, ayuu arrinta organic ka soo macdanta helay. Markaas tiro ka mid ah aqoonyahaniinta dhexsameeysmo chloroform, aniline, copolymer acid iyo xeryahooda badan kiimiko kale.

walxaha Organic yihiin saleysan jiritaanka arrinta ku nool, oo waa cuntadii daruuriga aadanaha iyo xayawaanka. Inta badan xeryahooda organic yihiin alaabta ceeriin for warshadaha kala duwan - cuntada, kiimikada, iftiinka, dawooyinka iwm

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa jira in ka badan 30 million. Noocyo kala duwan oo ka mid ah xeryahooda organic. Sidaa darteed, walxaha organic Waxay wakiil fasalka ugu ballaaran ee kiimiko ah. kala duwan oo ka mid ah xeryahooda organic la xidhiidha hantida gaarka ah iyo qaab-dhismeedka Carbo. Carbo atamka xiga wada lala by hal ama dhowr ah (double, xaafuun) bonds.

walxaha Organic. Chemistry.

xeryahooda organic lagu gartaa joogitaanka covalent bonds C-C, oo dhaaraheedii ay covalent horjeeda C-N, C-O, C -Hal, C- biraha, iwm Falcelinta qaadan meel ku lug leh walxaha organic leeyihiin Tilmaamo gaar ah marka la barbardhigo macdanta. In dareenka xeryahooda ka imanba badanaa udhigo lug. Inta badan dareen diidmo oo kuwanu waa mid aad u dhakhso ah, mararka qaarkood dhakhso leh heerkulka si mug leh. In dareen diidmo leh walxaha organic u taagoo sida caadiga ah ku lug leh. Waa in la sheegay in kiiskan qaar ka mid ah bonds covalent waa jajaban yihiin, iyo kuwa kale waxaa sidaas sameeyay. Sida caadiga ah, celintan oo sii wadi kale oo badan si tartiib ah, oo ay xawaaraha waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la kordhiyo heerkulka ama isticmaal Hannaan ah (acid ama saldhig).

Si walxaha organic ee dabiiciga ah? Inta badan oo ka mid ah xeryahooda organic in si dabiici ah ku dhexsameeysmo habka of photosynthesis ka carbon dioxide iyo biyaha ee chlorophyll cagaarka ah ee dhirta.

Fasallada xeryahooda organic.

Qoondaynta xeryahooda organic ku salaysan A. Butlerov aragtida. kala soocidda nidaamsan waa Magac-cilmiyeed asaasiga ah oo awood walax organic call, ku salaysan formula dhismaha ku jira. kala soocidda wuxuu ku salaysan yahay laba qaababka ugu muhiimsan - carbon lafaha qaab-dhismeedka, tirada iyo meelaynta oo ka mid ah kooxaha functional in Britain ay.

Carbon lafaha - waa mid deggan ee kala duwan falgalka kiimikada ah u taagoo of walxaha organic. Iyadoo ku xiran qaab-dhismeedkeeda, dhammaan walxaha organic kala qaybsan yihiin kooxo.

By xeryahooda acyclic ka mid ah walxaha silsilad carbon si toos ah ama jahaysteen. By xeryahooda carbocyclic ka mid ah walxaha la wareegga, waxay u qaybsan yihiin laba kooxaha - alicyclic iyo leedahay beduliyum. xeryahooda Heterocyclic - walxaha ku salaysan taagoo oo siddooyinkuna sameeyey by atamka iyo atamka carbonyl xubno kale oo kiimiko (ogsijiin, Nitrogendoksid, mastadh) heteroatoms.

Sidoo kale, walxaha organic waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay by joogitaanka kooxaha functional kuwaas oo qayb ka mid ah u taagoo ah. Tusaale ahaan, fasallada hydrocarbon (marka laga reebo - in u taagoo ay leeyihiin kooxaha functional), phenols, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, amines, esters, acids carboxylic, iwm Waa in la xusuustaa in koox kasta functional (COOH, OH, NH2, SH, NH, NO) go'aamisa guryaha physicochemical ee xarunta.