Hydroxides Amphoteric - nooca dual of arrinta

hydroxides Waxaa taas ka fal la acids iyo saldhigyadii, iyadoo ku xiran xaaladaha. xeryahooda Kuwani muujiyo dabeecadda dual waxaa lagu magacaabaa hydroxides amphoteric. Waxaa loo sameeyay waxbarashada ee biraha iyo ra'iyi ah hydroxide, iyo sidoo kale saldhig oo dhan. Awoodda in ay u dhaqmaan sida acids iyo saldhigyadii hantidaan kaliya kuwa hydroxides kuwaas oo ka kooban in ay Halabuurka biraha sida :. Lagu, amayno, Al, mawqif, SN, Ga, CD, Fe, CR (III), iwm Sida ka System wakhtiyeysan ee D. arkay I. Mendeleyev, hydroxides si ay u sameeyaan a Biraha nooca dual kuwaas oo ugu dhow ee non-birta. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in xubno kale waa noocyo kala guurka, iyo isu-qaybinta on biraha iyo nonmetals halkii aan loo aabo yeelin.

hydroxides Amphoteric yihiin walxaha adag budada jar crystalline oo inta badan waa cadaan coloration ma baabbi'isaa biyaha iyo wax yar tabinta (electrolytes daciif ah). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar ka mid ah saldhigyada, kuwaas oo la kala diri karaa acids iyo alkalis. Dissociation "dual xidhiidhada" in xal aqueous dhacdaa nooca acid-saldhig. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in ciidamada haynta dhexeeya atamka ka biraha iyo oxygen (Me- D) ee u dhexeeya oxygen iyo hydrogen ku atamka iyo (G - H) ku yihiin ku dhowaad siman, i.e. Me - O - N. Sidaa darteed, silsiladahan wuu jejebi doonaa waqti isku mid ah, oo walxaha kuwan -dissotsiirovat siifilisku H + iyo OH- anions.

Xaqiiji nooca dual xeryahooda kuwaas amphoteric doonaa hydroxide - Noqo (OH) _2. Tixgeli dhexgalka ee hydroxide beryllium la acid ah oo saldhig.

1. Noqo (OH) ₂ + 2HCl -BeCl ₂ + 2 saac ₂ O.

2. (OH) ₂ + 2KOH - K ₂ [Noqo (OH) _4] - potassium tetragidroksoberillat.

Xaaladda hore, reaction dhexdhexaadnimada ee qaadataa meel, natiijada taas oo ah formation of cusbo iyo biyo. In kiiska labaad, alaabta falcelinta waa xarunta adag. reaction dhexdhexaadnimada waa caadiga ah ee dhan, iyada oo aan marka laga reebo, hydroxides, laakiin dhexgalka la sifo la mid ah oo kaliya amphoteric. guryaha dual Kuwaasi waa cad iyo xarunta kale amphoteric - biraha isu oxides, waxay loo sameeyay.

guryaha kale ee kiimikada ee hydroxides sida mid caan ku ah saldhig oo dhan:

1. daatay, waxyaabaha reaction kulul - xabagta u dhigma iyo biyaha: Noqo (OH) ₂ -VeO + H ₂ O.

2. reaction dhexdhexaadnimada leh acids.

3. Reaction la oxides acidic.

Waxa kale oo lagama maarmaan ah in la xasuusto in ay jiraan walxaha aan la falgala hydroxides amphoteric, i.e. reaction kiimikada ah ma tagaan, waa:

1. non-birta,
2. biraha;
3. saldhig beelaya,
4. hydroxides Amphoteric.
5. cusbo celcelis ahaan.

xeryahooda Kuwan waxaa laga heli by-qaabo dhiganta xal cusbo alkali:

BeCl ₂ 2KOH + - Noqo (OH) ₂ + 2KCl.

Cusbada xubno gaar ah inta lagu guda jiro dareen si ay u sameeyaan hydrate ah, guryaha kuwaas oo si dhow ula socota in nooca dual of hydroxides. Qudhooda guryaha dual of qayb saldhig oo ah macdanta ee foomka iyo taas oo si dabiici ah ku dhacaan (bauxite, goethite, iwm).

Sayidka, hydroxides amphoteric - a walax macdanta, taas oo ku xiran hadba nooca walaxda in iyaga xaggayga ka falcelinta, noqon kara saldhig ama acids. Inta badan waxay u dhigmaan oxides amphoteric ka kooban birta dhiganta (ZnO-amayno (OH) _2, BEO - Noqo (OH) _2), iwm).