Aasaasihii of Church Orthodox ee Japan, Japanese Nikolai: Biography, sawiro

Ka hor inta Vanya Kasatkin waxay bilaabeen inay qaadaan magaca Nicholas Japanese ah, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa ina ah caawiyayaasha kiniisadda reer miyiga ah ee caadiga ah oo saaxiib dhow la ahaa reer Skrydlovyh Admiral qoyska, magiciisu yahay soo socota si ay macbudka aabbihiis. mar saaxiibo waa weyddiiyey oo ku saabsan waxa uu doonayo in uu noqon, oo markiiba go'aansaday in uu ku sugan anaguna raadkooda yaan aabbihiis tegi lahaa. Laakiin Ivan rabay si ay u noqdaan badmaaxa ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, riyooyinkiisii aabbihii yiraadho badda iyo isaga u soo diray inaad wax ka barato fiqi seminary ee Smolensk, ka dibna mid ka mid ah ardayda ugu fiican ee uu kharashka dadweynaha loo soo diray inaad wax ka barato seminary ee St. Petersburg.

In magaaladan, oo aan la kulmay saaxiibo carruurnimada, Ivan iyo Leont Skrydlov, oo noqday graduate ah arday Bada ee Corps. On su'aasha ah sababta uu ma noqon badmaaxa ah, Ivan ayaa sheegay, in la aadeen badda iyo badda iyo doonnida oo wadaad u noqon karaa.

Japanese Nikolai: bilowgii

In sannaddii afraad ee Academy fiqi ah, Ivan dhawaaqay ee Synod Quduuska ah bartay in qunsuliyada Ruush Imperial ee Japan u baahan tahay wadaad. Qunsulka ee Japan I. Goshkevich go'aansaday inuu abaabulo adeegayaasha ah ee dalkan, inkastoo wakhtigaas waxaa jiray ganaax adag on Masiixiyada.

Ivan waxaa marka hore maqlay howlgalka a Chinese, waxaan doonayay inaan si aad u hesho in China, iyo inuu wax ku wacdiyo aan Yuhuudda ahayn, iyo rabitaan in uu mar hore sameeyey. Laakiin markaas xiisaha uu ku faafay laga Shiinaha si Japan, sida uu akhriyo leh dan weyn "Kabtanka qoraalada Golovin" maxaabiista ah ee dalkaan.

In qeybtii hore ee 60-mada ay qarnigii XIX Russia hoos Alexander II damcay inuu soo nooleeyo ah, waxay u ahayd wakhti of dib u habaynta weyn oo la baabiiyo of serfdom. janjeera ee shaqo adeegayaasha dibadda.

tababarka

Sidaas daraaddeed, Ivan Kasatkin bilaabay inuu isku diyaariyo shaqada adeegayaasha ah ee Japan. In 1860, June 24 tonsured wadaad la magaca Nicholas Wonderworker ah oo lagu sharfayo Nicholas Weyn. 5 maalmood dabadeed ayuu sooco oo u adeegeen, maalin ka dib - in wadaadnimada. Oo 1 August, Hieromonk Nicholas at da'da 24 sano u baxay inuu Japan. Kolkaasuu wuxuu iyada doonayay sidii uu hurdada aroosadda, taas oo waa in kicin - sida sawirka uu maanka. On markabka "Amur" Ruush, ayuu wuxuu yimid dalka Japan. In Qunsulka Hakodate Goshkevich u aqbalay.

Iyadoo dalka this muddo ka badan 200 sannadood oo Masiixiyada waxaa jiray ganaax ah. Nicholas ee Japan waxa laga soo qaatay Jidka. First of dhan, waxa uu barashada luqada Japan, dhaqanka, dhaqaalaha, taariikhda, iyo soo baxa in turjumaad ah ee Axdiga Cusub. Waxaas oo dhan wuxuu kaxaystay 8 sano.

miro

Saddexda sano ee ugu horeysa ee isaga ugu xun. Japanese Nikolai si dhow ula dhawrtaan nolosha Japanese ah, waxay soo booqday macbudyo Buddhist iyo dhegaystay wacyigaliyo.

Marka ugu horeysa, waxaa la qaato basaas, iyo xataa hoos u eeyaha isaga, iyo hanjabay dhimasho Sumarai. Laakiinse sannadda afraad ee Nicholas ee Japan helay ugu horeysay ee uu sida maskax, in ay aaminsan yihiin in Masiix. Waxay ahayd Raktarka ah Asheeraah, Takuma Savabe. Sannad ka dib, waxay u muuqatay walaal kale, ka dibna kale. Magaca baabtiiska Takuma ahaa Paul, iyo toban sano ka dib yimid ugu horeeyay ee Japan Orthodox wadaadka. In sharafta this uu lahaa in ay dhex maraan dhibtani ku.

The ugu horeysay ee Masiixiyiinta-Japanese

Money wuxuu ahaa mid aad loo adkeeyay. Aabbaha Nicholas inta badan ka caawiyay qunsulka Goshkevich, kuwaas oo lacagtii u dhiibay ka mid ah kuwii lacagaha ay, kaas oo caadi ahaan qaban for "kharashyada aan caadi ahayn". In 1868, kacaan ka dhacay Japan: Kiristanka Japanese-cusub ayaa la silciyey.

In 1869, Nicholas u tageen inay St. Petersburg si loo gaaro furitaanka howlgalka. Tani waxa ay ahayd in la siiyo madax-bannaanida maamulka iyo dhaqaalaha. Laba sano ka dib ayuu ku darajo wayn ee Archimandrite iyo Chief of Mission ku soo laabtay.

In 1872, Nicholas Japanese helo caawiye ah in wajiga of qalin of Kiev fiqi Academy ah - Hieromonk Anatoly (Silent). Waqtigaa in Hakodate waxa uu ahaa oo ku saabsan 50 Orthodox Japan.

Tokyo

Oo xataa markaas St. Nicholas ee Japan ka baxo oo dhan ee daryeelka of wadaad iyo aabihiis Paul Savabe Anatolia oo u dhaqaaqay Tokyo. Halkan wuxuu lahaa oo dhan mar kale bilaabaan. Oo wakhtigii this waxaa ka furmay dugsiga guriga ee luqada Ruushka oo uu bilaabo inuu baro Japan.

In 1873, Dowladda Japan sharciga Priman on dulqaadka diimaha. dugsiyada gaarka ah ugu dhakhsaha badan dib u habayn ku galay seminary ah, taas oo ahayd ilmaha jecel aabbihiis Nicholas (fiqiga marka laga reebo waxaa laga bartay wax badan oo nidaamo kale).

By 1879 waxaa hore u ahaa dugsiyada dhowr Tokyo: seminary, qaabkii, prichetnicheskoe iyo dugsiga af shisheeye.

By dhammaadka nolosha aabbihiis Nicholas seminary helay Japan xaaladda dugsiga sare, ardayda ugu fiican kuwa ay sii wataan waxbarashadooda in tacliinta fiqi ahaaneed Ruush.

In kaniisad ku soo kordheen tirada ee Mu'miniinta ah in boqolaal ka. By 1900, sannaddii sagaalaad bulshada Orthodox ay horey u ahaayeen in Nagasaki, Hyogo, Kyoto iyo Yokohama.

Temple Nicholas ee Japan

In 1878 wuxuu bilaabay inuu dhiso kaniisad qunsuliyada. Waxaa la dhisay on lacag samafal baayacmushtariga Ruush Petra Alekseeva, badmaaxa hore, "Nin faras wata" weel. Waagaas waxaa horay 6 wadaaddadii Japanese ahaa.

Laakiin Aabbaha Nicholas ku riyoon jiray Cathedral ee. Si kor loogu qaado lacagta dhismaha waxaa la soo diray oo dhan Russia.

In 1880, March 30 hirotonisanom wadaadkii Nicholas ahaa ee Nevsky Alexander ku Lavra.

On sawir a of kaniisadda mustaqbalka ee Cathedral ee Qiyaamada by A. ku boolal dhise. Aabbaha Nicholas ayaa iibsaday dhulka ee aagga kur Kanda Suruga-dai. Oo isagu wuxuu dhisay macbudka Ingiriisi naqshadeeyaha ugu Yashuuca Conder toddoba sannadood, oo in 1891 uu isaga ku wareejiyay furayaasha Aabihiis Nicholas. quduuskadhigidda waxaa ka soo qeyb 19 wadaaddadii iyo 4,000 oo aamin ah. In dadka, Macbudkan ayaa loo magacaabay "Nikolai-up."

Its qiyaasta dhismayaasha Japanese ahaa mid cajiib ah, iyo sidoo kale kalsoonidii ay kor u Nicholas of Japan.

dagaal

In 1904, sababtoo ah dagaalkii ugu Ruush-Japanese, safaaradda Ruushka ka tagay dalka. Nicholas ee Japan keligay baa hadhay. On Orthodox Japanese ku majaajilooday oo lagu necbaaday, Bishop Nicholas hanjabay dil basaasnimo. Waxa uu u baxay inuu si cad u sharax in Asalraacnimadu waa ma aha oo kaliya diin Ruush qaranka, iyo wadaninimo - waa dareen run iyo dabiiciga ah ee Christian kasta. Waxa uu racfaan rasmi ah u macbudyo, kaas oo lagu qoro si ay u tukadaan guul oo ka mid ah ciidamada Japanese soo diray. Sidaas daraaddeed wuxuu go'aansaday in laga takhaluso oo ka mid ah is burinaya Japanese Orthodox: in ay aaminsan yihiin in Masiix iyo in ay Japan. Sidaas ayuu xajiyey markabka Japanese Orthodox. Oo qalbigiisuna wuxuu u jabiyay, oo isna ma uu qeyb qaataan cibaadada dadweynaha, iyo mid ku tukanayay allabariga.

Markaasuu wuxuu qaaday daryeelka maxaabiista Ruush dagaalka, taas oo ahayd dhamaadka dagaalka, in ka badan 70 kun.

Bishop Nicholas, aan 25 sano jir ah, wuxuu ku Russia dareemay qalbigiisa aragti gudcur tarto. Si ka waayo-aragnimada oo dhan ka baxsadaan, isagu xaq buu isu Hawiyaha in turjumaad ah ee buugaagta Afika.

da'da 75 ee 1912 February 16, naftiisa Rabbiga wuxuu siiyey in gacanta ee Cathedral oo ka mid ah Qiyaame Masiixa. Sabab dhimasho istaahisha - wadnaha oo shaqadiisa gaba. 265 kaniisadaha la dhisay qarnigii badh ah hawlo uu keenay 41 wadaadkii, 121 catechist, 15 regents iyo 31.984 aamin.

Equal in St Rasuullada Nicholas ee Japan waxaa canonized April 10, 1970.