Bacrinta double

manka in dhici on ceebeynta of qaab ama mid kale, bilaabaan in ay Gagaab. bararto hadhuudh, tube manka waxaa la aasaasay ka soo unugyada daaqsinka. Sayidka, biqilka bilaabmin. qolof jebiyo meesha thinnest of tube manka. From caaradda of tube loo qoondeeyay walxaha gaar ah. Waxay u jilciso difaan column iyo dhaleeceynta.

xuduntii The oo ka mid ah unugyada generative iyo daaqsinka gudubtid tube manka. cell Generative qaybiyaa iyo foomamka laba manida. Iyada oo micropyle ah (god qolof) tube manka ovule suran galay koleyga embriyaha. Inside tube bacda waa la dumiyey iyo waxyaabaha ay ku shubtay.

Markaas isuga kaaga shahwadu ka mid ah ukunta. Sayidka, saygoot ah, markii danbe la siiyo laga bilaabo abuur embriyaha. Wada jir ah ula labaad la midowdo xuduntii dhexe ee shahwada. Tani waxay keenaysaa in formation of xuduntii triploid diidanaa dambe ee endosperm triploid, taas oo sare.

All habka kor ku xusan waxaa lagu magacaabaa "unugyada labka iyo dheddiga double ee dhirta ubax."

Antipodes iyo synergids (nuclei horjeeda koleyga embriyaha) marka la dhameystiro geedi socodka wada dhalaaleen, oo integuments (sugantahay) sameeyaan jaakad abuurku.

bacrinta Double in dhirta la ogaaday by saynisyahan Ruush S. Navashin.

Inta lagu jiro habkan, xuduntii koleyga embriyaha guud ahaan waa inta ka badan xuduntii shahwada, taas waxaa keena helidda interphase ugu horeysay (marxaladda dhexe). In xaaladda this iyo qaabka ay nuclei of koleyga embriyaha waxay kala duwanaan karaan. Tusaale ahaan, Asteraceae qaar ka mid ah ay la ifafaalaha laga yaabaa, mararka qaarkood qalloocan, nucleoli non. Guud ahaan, shahwada waxaa lagu soo bandhigay qaab nuclei interphase fekrado la nucleoli, xaaladaha qaarkood, isagoo ka duwan u lahayn in ay qaab-dhismeedka ka mid ah nuclei dhaddig.

bacrinta Double noqon karaan laba nooc, taas oo ku xidhan nooca ururka of nuclei lab iyo dhaddig.

Sidaas darteed, marka geedi socodka dhacdaa nuclei shahwada immersion premitotic ee xudunta u ah dumar, halkaas oo despiralization ah (unwinding) koromosoomyada. In nooc ururka this labada koromosoom oo ku jira nuclei interphase sameeyaa.

bacrinta double Postmitotic waa entry ah nuclei lab iyo dhaddig, qolof booskiisa prophase, taasoo uu dhamaado ay ururka. Waxbarashada nuclei interphase, kuwaas oo ka kooban qaybood koromosoom, yimaado ka dib markii ay martigelin doonaan horyaalka heerka koowaad ee mitotic in saygoot.

Marka unugyada labka iyo dheddiga double dhacdaa isuga ukun laba haploid (oo ay ku jiraan tiro kala badh ka mid ah koromosoomyada) diirkja, si kastaba ha ahaatee xuduntii saygoot diploid (iyadoo ay ka buuxaan koromosoomyada) ah.

Iyadoo ku xiran tirada nuclei horjeeda ku jira gacanta dhexe waxaa la aasaasay tirada koromosoomyada ah nuclei endosperm.

bacrinta Double kor u sifooyinka bandhigay jirta endosperm ee endosperm miraha (hybrid) warshad ka ah aabaha. Iyada oo mudida ee embriyaha waxay koleyga tuubooyinka manka yar, geedi socodka manida ka tube ugu horeysay, in kale oo ba'ay tuubooyinka manida. bacrinta Double laba spermatozoa waa mid aad u dhif ah.

Intii lagu guda jiray baaritaanka dhowr embryological la isticmaalayo wakiilada angiosperms kala duwan (Compositae, Ranunculaceae, Liliaceae) Navashin endosperm siyaada ah ayaa la cadeeyay sida embriyaha in habka galmada ee dhirta ubax. Tani waxay ifafaale waa dabeecadda kaliya ee wakiillo ka socda flora angiosperms.

Waa in la ogaadaa in shaqada Navashin ogol yahay in la caddeeyo su'aasha ah ee asalka ah ee endosperm ah. The saameynta natiijada saynisyahan ayaa la sii horumariyo.