Oxides Amphoteric. guryaha Chemical, geedi socodka diyaarinta

oxides Amphoteric (isagoo guryaha dual) - inta badan oxides biraha kiisaska kaas oo ay leeyihiin electronegativity hooseeyo. Iyadoo ku xiran xaaladaha dibadda muujiyaan wax xabagta acidic ama guryaha. oxides Kuwaas waxaa la aasaasay by Biraha guurka, kaas oo caadi ahaan muujiyaan dalalka qayilo soo socda: ll, lll, lV.

Tusaalooyinka oxides amphoteric: xabagta zinc (ZnO), lll xabagta chromium (Cr2O3), xabagta aluminium (Al2O3), iyo waxa daasadda ll xabagta (SnO), xabagta iyo waxa daasadda lV (SnO2), ll xabagta hogaanka (PbO), lV xabagta hogaanka (PbO2) , lV xabagta titanium (TiO2), xabagta manganese lV (MnO2), lll xabagta birta (Fe2O3), xabagta beryllium (BEO).

falcelin caadi ah ee oxides amphoteric:

1. oxides waxaa laga yaabaa la acids xoog fal. In foomkan ku cusbada oo ka mid ah acids isku. Xasaasiyada noocan ah waa muujin ka mid ah guryaha nooca aasaasiga ah. Tusaale ahaan: ZnO (xabagta zinc) + H2SO4 (Aashito) → ZnSO4 (zinc sulfate) + H2O (oo biyo ah).

2. In falcelinta la oxides amphoteric alkalis xoog leh, hydroxides muujiyaan guryaha acidic. In duality this guryaha (i.e., amphoteric) lagu muujiyey in formation of laba cusbada.

In dhalaalid ah by reaction cusbo ku alkali waxaa la aasaasay caadiga ah celcelis ahaan, tusaale ahaan:
ZnO (xabagta zinc) + 2NaOH (hydroxide Sodium) → Na2ZnO2 (cusbo celceliska caadiga ah) + H2O (oo biyo ah).
Al2O3 (alumina) + 2NaOH (hydroxide Sodium) = 2NaAlO2 + H2O (oo biyo ah).
2Al (OH) 3 (hydroxide aluminium) + 3SO3 (xabagta baaruud) = Al2 (SO4) 3 (aluminium sulfate) + 3H2O (oo biyo ah).

Xalka oxides amphoteric by reaction leh alkali si ay u sameeyaan cusbo ah oo adag, tusaale ahaan: Al2O3 (alumina) + 2NaOH (hydroxide Sodium) + 3H2O (oo biyo ah) + 2Na (Al (OH) 4) (cusbo adag ee tetragidroksoalyuminat sodium).

3. kasta oo xabagta wax bir amphoteric ayaa tirada isuduwidda ah. Tusaale ahaan in ay zinc (amayno) - 4, aluminium (Al) - 4 ama 6, waayo, chromium (CR) - 4 (naadir) ama 6.

4. Amphoteric xabagta ma fal biyo oo aan dhexdeeda ku milmi.

Maxay tijaabiyo biraha amphoteric?

Xad hadlayay, element ah amphoteric muujiyaan laga yaabaa in sifooyinka biraha iyo nonmetals labadaba. feature sifo noocan oo kale ah waxa ay joogtaa ay xubno ka mid ah kooxaha A: Noqo (beryllium), Ga (gallium), GE (germanium), SN (daasadda), mawqif, SB (midabyo), Bi (bismuth), iyo kuwa kale qaar ka mid ah, iyo sidoo kale qaar badan oo xubno ka ah B -groups - CR ah (chromium), Mn (manganese), Fe (birta), amayno (zinc), CD (cadmium), iyo kuwa kale.

Waxaan hadda cadeeyo socda falgalka kiimikada kiimikada amphoteric zinc element ah (amayno):

1. amayno (OH) 2 (hydroxide zinc) + N2O5 (pentoxide dinitrogen) = amayno (NO3) 2 (amooniyam zinc) + H2O (oo biyo ah).
ZnO (xabagta zinc) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid) = amayno (NO3) 2 (amooniyam zinc) + H2O (oo biyo ah).

b) amayno (OH) 2 (hydroxide zinc) + Na2O (sodium xabagta) = Na2ZnO2 (sodium dioksotsinkat) + H2O (oo biyo ah).
ZnO (xabagta zinc) + 2NaOH (hydroxide Sodium) = Na2ZnO2 (sodium dioksotsinkat) + H2O (oo biyo ah).

Haddii ay sidaa tahay, haddii element la guryaha dual of xarunta ayaa lagu qayilo soo socda, dual (amphoteric) hantida ugu dareemi dhaca ah tallaabo lagu qayilo dhexe.

Tusaale ahaan waxaa la Chrome karaan (CR). element waxa uu leeyahay dalalka qayilo soo socda: 3+, 2+ 6+. In the case of saddex guryaha aasaasiga ah iyo acidic loogu muujiyo qiyaastii si siman, halka guryaha aasaasiga ah y CR +2 adkaan, iyo in CR +6 - acid. Halkan waxaa ku jawaabo cadeeyo bayaankan:

Cr + 2 → CrO (chromium xabagta +2), Cr (OH) 2 → CrSO4;
Cr + 3 → Cr2O3 (chromium xabagta +3), Cr (OH) 3 (hydroxide chromium) → KCrO2 ama sulphate chromium Cr2 (SO4) 3;
Cr + 6 → CrO3 (chromium xabagta +6), H2CrO4 → K2CrO4.

Xaaladaha intooda badan oxides amphoteric xubno kiimikada lagu qayilo gobolka +3 jira foomka Meta. Tusaale ahaan waxaa lagu xusay kartaa: Aluminum xabagta hydroxide (formula kiimikada ALO (OH) iyo metahydroxide birta (kiimikada Feo (OH) formula) ...

Sidee oxides amphoteric?

1. Habka ugu haboon ee ay diyaarinta waa roobab ka xal aqueous isticmaalaya hydroxide ammonium, in uu yahay saldhigga daciif ah. Tusaale ahaan:
Al (NO3) 3 (amooniyam aluminium) + 3 (H2OxNH3) (aqueous xal of ammonia hydrate) = Al (OH) 3 (xabagta amphoteric) + 3NH4NO3 (reaction waxaa la sameeyaa hoos kulaylka labaatan degrees).
Al (NO3) 3 (amooniyam aluminium) + 3 (H2OxNH3) (hydroxide ammonium aqueous) = ALO (OH) (xabagta amphoteric) + 3NH4NO3 + H2O (reaction sameeyo 80 ° C)

In reaction sarrifka ee noocan ah in ay dhacdo xad alkali hydroxide aluminium ma soo dadajin doonaa. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in aluminium galaa anion sababtoo ah dual hantida: Al (OH) 3 (hydroxide aluminium) + OH- (alkali xad-dhaaf ah) = [Al (OH) 4] - (aluminium anion hydroxide).

Tusaalooyinka noocan ah falcelin:
Al (NO3) 3 (amooniyam aluminium) + 4NaOH (Franchise hydroxide sodium) = 3NaNO3 + Na (Al (OH) 4).
ZnSO4 (zinc sulfate) + 4NaOH (Franchise hydroxide sodium) = Na2SO4 + Na2 (amayno (OH) 4).

Cusbada oo loo sameeyay waqti isku mid ah, waa xeryahooda adag. Waxaa ka mid ah anions kakan: (Al (OH) 4) - iyo (amayno (OH) 4) kale 2-. Sidaas daraaddeed waxaan u yeedhay Cusbada leh, Na (Al (OH) 4) - tetragidroksoalyuminat sodium, Na2 (amayno (OH) 4) - sodium tetragidroksotsinkat. waxyaabaha Reaction aluminium ama zinc oxides la alkali adag waxaa lagu magacaabaa kala duwan: NaAlO2 - dioksoalyuminat sodium iyo Na2ZnO2 - dioksotsinkat sodium.