Gustav Meyrink: Biography, hal-abuurka, la qabsashada shuqullada

Mid ka mid ah qorayaasha ugu caansan ee Warega of qarniyadii XIX-XX - Gustav Meyrink. Expressionist iyo turjumaan ayaa helay mahad aqoonsiga adduunka si ay novel ah "Golem". cilmi badan ayaa ku habboonayn in waxa ka mid ah loo iibsado ugu horeeyay ee qarnigii 20-yeedhay.

Carruurnimada iyo qaangaarka

The qoraaga weyn mustaqbalka uu ku dhashay ee Vienna ee 1868. Aabbihiis Wasiirka Carl von Hemmingen guursaday Aktarada Mary Meyer, sababta Gustav waxa uu ku dhashay sharci darrada ah. By habka, Meyer - magaciisa rasmiga ah, alias Meyrink uu markii dambe qaatay.

Biographers ogow faahfaahsan xiiso leh: qoraaga expressionist dhashay January 19, isla maalintaas sida American qoraa-dhuur ee caanka ah, ee American Edgar Allan Poe. In taariikhda suugaanta ee dalalkooda, waxay door la mid ah.

Childhood Gustav Meyrink lahaa la socday hooyadiis. Sida actarad, ayay inta badan ku jiray wadada, si uu carruurnimada badatay in safarka joogtada ah. Learning yimaado dhowr magaalo - Hamburg, Munich, Prague. cilmi Meyrink tilmaamay in xiriirka hooyadiis ahaayeen qabow. Taasi waa sababta, sida ay dhaleecayn badan oo suugaanta, sidaas oo caan ah ay ahaayeen jilayaasha dumar jinka in uu shaqada.

muddo Prague

In 1883kii Meyrink in Prague yimid. Halkan uu isagu ka soo Academy of Trade qalin iyo xirfad ahaa baanka. In magaaladan, Gustav Meyrink qaatay labaatan sano, si joogta ah isaga la kulaney shuqulladiisa. Prague ma aha oo kaliya asal isaga, laakiin sidoo kale mid ka mid ah jilayaasha ugu waaweyn ee dhowr tixaha, sida "Golem The," "Walpurgis Night", "The Angel of Window West ah".

Halkan ahaa mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee nolosha qoraaga, xusay biographers. Faahfaahinta ku saabsan baran kartaa sheekada ah "Pilot The", daabacay uu dhintay ka dib. In 1892 Meyrink isku dayay inuu isdilo, dhibaato xagga ruuxa ah oo qoto dheer. Wuxuu fuusho miiska, soo gaaray bastoolad iyo ahaa oo ku saabsan in ay toogtaan, qof ay simbiriirixan albaabka hoostiisa ah buug yar oo - "Life ka dib Dhimashada". From isku dayaya in ay ka baxaan nolol uu ahaa waqti diiday. Guud ahaan, soo beegay asalka ah soo ciyaareen door weyn ee uu naftiisa iyo shuqullada.

Meyrink noqday xiiso daraasadda of theosophy, kabbalah, waxbarista asalka ah ee Bariga, ku dhaqma yoga. Arintaan ka caawiyay isaga qabsadaan ruuxiga ah ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale dhibaatooyin jirka ah. Writer nolosha oo dhan soo gaartay dhabar xanuunka.

bangiyada

In 1889, Gustav Meyrink dhab ah ku hawlan maaliyadda. Wada jir ah ula saaxiibka, Christian Morgenstern aasaasay bangiga "Mayer iyo Morgenstern." Marka hore, wax taag tegey, laakiin qoraa ku hawlan shaqada bangiyada ma aha mid aad u adag, bixinta si ay nolosha dandy cilmaani ah fiiro gaar ah.

On asalka ah ee qoraaga tilmaamay joogta ah, maxaa yeelay of this, kuwaas wuxuu la diriray xafiiltanka leh hal askari. In 1892 qabay ku dhowaad isla markiiba ka xun in guur, laakiin furriin kaliya ee 1905, sababtoo ah dib u dhac sharci iyo ku adkaysiga oo uu naagtiisa.

Xaqiiqada ah in bangiyada horumarisa aad iyo aad u xun, waxaa caddaatay in 1902, markii Meyrink keenay kiiska for codsiga ah ee spiritualism iyo sixirka at hawlaha bangiyada. Waxa uu ku qaatay ku dhawaad 3 bilood oo xabsi ah. Charges aqoonsan yahay oo caytamaya, laakiin haddii ay taasi weli waa saamayn taban ku leh xirfadiisa ciyaareed dhaqaale.

In xirfadiisa hore suugaanta

xirfadiisa farshaxanimo Meyrink bilaabay 1903 oo leh sheekooyin yar garneel. Horeba waxay lahaayeen dano dareemi mysticism. Muddadan, Gustav si firfircoon iskaashi la Prague neo-nasjonalromantiske. In guga uu sii daayay uu buugga ugu horeysay "nin kulul iyo sheekooyin kale", iyo ururinta dambe ee sheekooyin gaagaaban "orchid. Sheekooyin la yaab leh".

In 1905, uu barbaro guur labaad - la Filominoy Bernt. Waxay ku safraan, bilaabaan si ay u daabacaan magazine ah garneel. In 1908 yimaado ururinta saddexaad ee sheekooyinka gaagaaban sida - "Wax". shaqada suugaanta ma ay quudin kartaa qoys, sidaas Meyrink waxay bilaabeen inay bartaan turjumaad. Waayo, muddo gaaban uu u suurtagashay in ay u turjumaan 5 Muga of Charles Dickens. Translation Meyrink ku hawlan ilaa dhamaadka nolosha, oo ay ku jiraan bixinta si ay qoraalka weedhu dareenka weyn.

novel ah "Golem The"

In 1915 wuxuu daabacay sheeko ugu caansan by qoraaga - "Golem". Meyrink isla markiiba helo ammaan Yurub. At muhimka ah ee Halyeeyga wax soo saarka ee rabbaani Yuhuudda kan Abuuray bahal dhoobo ah oo u nooleyn isticmaalaya kabbalistskih qoraalka.

ficilka meel Prague. sheekeeye, oo magiciisa la odhan weli la garanayn, bartey helaa hat ee ah shimbiraha Athanasius qaarkood. Taas ka dib, geesiga bilaabaa in uu arko riyooyin yaab leh, sida haddii uu yahay shimbiraha aad. Waxa uu isku dayayaa in la helo milkiilaha hat ah. In dhamaadka, barto in stonecutter iyo sooceliye, kuwaas oo ku noolaa sanado badan ka hor in Prague, ee geetooyinka Yuhuudda.

novel waxa uu ahaa guul weyn adduunka oo dhan, taasoo ka dhigeysa rikoor ah wareegga wakhtiga 100 kun oo nuqul in. ay caanka ah ee wax soo saarka ayaa xitaa ma reebay dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, oo ka qarxay wakhtigaas, iyo xaqiiqda ah in shuqullada aan ammaanaya hubka, halka Austria-Hungary ma ku raaxaysan guusha.

Jarmal inay Ruush "Golem" turjumay si fiican u yaqaan turjumaan Soviet David Vygodskii in 20-30s.

Guusha ugu horeysay weyn hubiyaa caanka ah ee Meyrink iyo tixaha ku xiga, si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida wareegga weyn, waxay mar dambe soo saaray. "Wejiga Green" ayaa la sii daayay in tirada 40 000 oo nuqul.

Success in movies

Ka dib markii la sii daayo novel ah "Golem The" ayaa noqotay qabsashada caanka ah ee buugaagta Meyrink. mawduuca ugu horeysay u dhaqaaqay shaashadda weyn agaasimaha a Jarmal film Paul Wegener ee 1915. Waxaa xusid mudan in la novel ah Meyrink iyaga isku xira kaliya Halyeeyga asalka ah. Inkasta oo aan la meesha ka saaray in kitaabkan ayaa u waxyoonay filim. Doorka uu ciyaaray Golem Wegener. Sidaas darteed, ayuu ka abuuray Forbrydelsen ah oo ku saabsan nin dhoobo ah. In 1917, rinjiyeynta ah "The Golem iyo cayaare ah," iyo in 1920 "Golem The: Sidee ayuu yimid dunida ugu soo galay." Nasiib darro, filimka ugu horeysay ay wali loo arko lumay. Waxaa la ilaashaa oo kaliya oo ku saabsan 4 daqiiqo markii saacadood screen. Laakiin si ay u Wegener Golem mahad noqday hab la garan karo filimada.

qabsashada film Meyrink buugaagta waxaa ma soo afjaro. In 1936 ee Czechoslovakia, yimaado filimka "Golem The." Meyrink amaanay shaqada by Julien Duvivier faray. In 1967, ku dhawaad macno agaasimaha novel duubay a Faransiis Jean Kershborn. In 1979, in ay isku maadada ka qabtaa filimka Polish Piotr Szulkin.

"Wejiga Green" iyo "Walpurgis Night"

Ka dib markii guul ka soo a shuqullada dhowr ah qoraaga, sida Gustav Meyrink, "wejiga Green" iyo "Walpurgis Night". In sheeko saddexaad ficilka Austria impressionist mar kale ka dhacay Prague, inta lagu guda jiro dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. "Walpurgis Night" waxa ku qoran foomka yaab, mar kale badan oo mysticism, esotericism. Author galkii burghers Austria iyo saraakiisha.

In xarunta of sheekada jira laba lammaane oo characters. kali Life Imperial oo uu sayidaddeedii, dhillo ah oo ku dhacay saboolnimada, iyo muusikiiste dhallinyarada Ottakar jacayl la walaasha ee Countess Záhradky uu wiilkeeda sharci darrada ah uu yahay.

tallaabo ugu weyn ee qaadataa meel Night Walpurgis ah, markii, sida uu legend, mar dambe ma ay dalban xeerarka caadiga ah, albaabka ajar dhexeeya dunida oo soo socda. Iyada oo tusaale this Gustav Meyrink, kuwaas oo Biography ula lala dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, uu isku dayayaa si ay u sharxaan jahli dagaal iyo kacaanka soo socda.

dulucdii - dagaal lagu hoobtay sidii ka farshaxankiisa ee waqtiga soo degay dagaalladii Hussite ah. cilmi Later tixgeliyaa "Walpurgis Night" sida nooc ka mid ah digniinta. Xaqiiqada ah in si sax ah hal sano ka dib in Prague dhacay khudbado wadaniyad, Af Xumeeyaan cadaadiyo ciidanka Imperial.

In Russia, "Walpurgis Night" noqday daafaca caanka ah ee 20 jirka ah. culimada suugaanta badan oo xataa aaminsan yihiin in Archibald Archibaldovich of Romana Bulgakova "Master iyo Margarita", oo ah agaasimaha guriga makhaayad Griboyedov ah, guuriyeen ka Mr. Bzdinke, milkiilaha of tavern ee "Green rihii" ka Meyrink.

tixaha Meyrink

In 1921 Meyrink daabacdaa novel ah "White Dominican" ma helin guul baahsan ka mid ah dadweynaha, iyo in 1927 la sii daayay uu shaqada weyn ee la soo dhaafay - "The Angel of Window West ah". Marka ugu horeysa, dhaleecayn loola dhaqmo isaga u eegin inaadan, turjumaad Ruush muuqday oo keliya sanadkii 1992, mahad Vladimir Kryukov.

novel The meel dhowr lakab oo macnaha. ina hor Vienna 1920. The qof dhexe sheeko - raacsane a iyo farac u Dzhona Di, nolosha dhabta ah saynisyahan Welsh iyo alchemist ee qarnigii XVI ka. Gacmihiisu dhici darey awoowe. Ay reading waa goyn la dhacdooyinka muhiimka ah ee nolosha gaarka ah ee ninkii. All tani waa calaamad iyo dhiganta la Biography ee Dzhona Di.

In sheeko this u saameeyay qoraallada Ruush. geesiyaal Qaar ka mid ah dib u characters of Dostoevsky iyo Andrew White.

style Calaamadaha Meyrink

Features style Meyrink sidoo ogan uu novel ugu dambeeyay. At ay xarunta calaamad alchemical guurka Xurmaysan. Waxaa jira laba cunsur - lab iyo dhaddig, kuwaas oo doonaya in ay la midoobaan hal unug in qof ugu weyn. Waxaas oo dhan waa garabaka waxbarista Fasiraadda psychoanalytical Carl Jung ee calaamadda alchemical. In la joogo wax soo saarka ee tiro badan oo la tixraaci karo si alchemy, Kabbalah iyo waxbaristiisa tantric.

dhimashada wax qora ee

Gustav Meyrink, oo buugaag caan ah ilaa iyo haatan, idlaadeen at da'da 64 sano. Uu dhintay waxaa aad ula xiriira masiibada ina Fortunatos. Winter 1932 wiil 24-sano jir ah ayaa si xun ugu dhaawacmay halka barafka, iyo nolosha in kursiga curyaamiinta helay. Ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ma uu wada qaadi karin this oo naftiisa dilay. At da'da la mid ah, markii la isku dayay in uu aabbihiis ka dhigi, laakiin Meyrink-ka weyn markaas badbaadiyey by buug dahsoon.

Writer wiilkiisa ka nolol dambeeyey ee ku saabsan 6 bilood. December 4, 1932, uu si lama filaan ah u dhintay. Oo waxay noqotay in magaalada yar Bavarian of Starnberg. Oo waxaa lagu aasay soo socota si ay wiilkeeda. Qabrigii Meyrink dhigay dhagaxa cad la oqoon ah vivo Latin, taas oo macnaheedu yahay "in ay ku noolaadaan".

In Russia Meyrink ayaa muddo dheer ka mamnuuc, gaar ahaan inta lagu jiro xilligii Soviet. Ka dib burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti ugu shuqulladiisa lagu turjumay Ruush iyo la daabacay.