Courland Pocket - Warkii iyo khuraafaadka

Taariikhda u janjeedhaan. Gaar ahaan wax badan oo la isla dhexmarayo ay sabab u tahay dagaallada War Great Patriotic. hoggaanka xisbiga uu xiiseynayo in xaqiiqda ah in macluumaadka bixisey in iftiinka wanaagsan dalka. Maanta oo keliya qayb ahaan ilxidhka fikirka hurda in dhegaysanayay dhacdooyinka sida Pocket Courland sanado badan.

Iyadoo qayb ka ah USSR

Dagaalkii labaad ee dunida saameeyey gees kasta oo adduunka ah. dagaalka ayaa yimid sida la yaab leh in dadka caadiga ah. Laakiin maamulka sare oo keliya ma ay aqoon ku saabsan isbedelada la socdo, iyo xitaa isku diyaarinaya talaabo military.

Xaqiiqada ah in masuuliyiinta Ururka, iyo Germany ka warhayaan maanta daraasiin waraaqaha sheegi kartaa. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah - ee Molotov-Ribbentrop Heshiiska, taas oo qarin ujeeddooyinka dhabta ah magaca rasmiga ah ee "heshiis aan gardarada." Waxaa saxiixay maamuuska qarsoodi ah kaas oo Latvia sarkhaansan Soviet yimid.

Bishii Oktoobar 1939, soohdimaha gobolka this soo sara kacay in ka badan 20 000 oo ciidan Ruush. sannadka soo socda, ee June, commissar ee Arrimaha Dibadda Molotov saaray Latvia shuruudaha: guddiga waa in si iskood ah ka tanaasulo awoodooda. ciidamada Soviet lahaa si loo xakameeyo iska caabin ah ee isku day ah. Si looga fogaado dhiig, xaaladaha la ansixiyay. nidaam cusub qabtay a doorashooyinka "cadaalad" oo leh musharax hal Cuntada Dadka.

August 5, 1940 Latvia soo biiray Midowga Soofiyeeti. Waxaa ka mid ah dhulal, kuwaas oo ku soo biiray, oo ahaa gobolka halkaas oo waxaa jiray Courland jeebka dambe.

On qarka u dagaal

Raacay by cadaadis kuwa difaacay madaxbanaanida ee gobolka. June 22, 1941, dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic. duulay faashistihii yimid dalalka. By dhexe ee July, dalka oo dhan waxaa degan. Waxaa hadhay hoos imaanaya hoggaanka dalka cadowgiisa cusub uu ku egyahay xagaaga 1944.

Dabcan ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida ka qarxay ka dib markii ay Battle of Kursk. Tan iyo markaas, waxaa iska lahaa Army Cas hindisaha istiraatiiji ah.

Xilliga xagaaga ee ciidamada Midowga yimid dalalka Baltiga. Waxaa bilowday marxaladda muhim ah u xoreynta. qaybta galbeed ee Latvia hadhay haysto ilaa October. Red dhigay si ay ugu badda bari , oo joogsaday dhow magaalada Lithuanian of Palanga. koox Jarmal "North", oo ka kooban ciidamada 16-kii iyo 18-kii, ka go'ay inta kale ee kooxda "Center". Sidaas darteed, qaybta hore ku jiray Jasiiradda.

Dhacdooyinkaasi waxay ku abuureen Courland Pocket. Total 400 000 Jarmalka ayaa ku xayiran.

Capital sidii koob

Jarmalka ayaa lagu qabtay inta u dhaxaysa laba arrimood Soviet. line The soo taagay on laba boqol oo kiilomitir laga bilaabo bari ilaa galbeed Liepaja Tukums.

Iyada oo hami weyn, hoggaanka Soviet qaatay heshiis ah. October 10, 1944 bilaabay howlgalka inay xoreeyaan Riga. Waxaa goob joog ka ahaa: 1 Shoogga, 61 th, 67 th, 10 th ilaalada Army. Laakiin Jarmalka gadaal ka soo dagaalantay. Ogaaday in ay tahay wax aan macquul aheyn in la qabto magaalada, waxay ku qaadeen geeddiga degdeg ah oo u dhaqaaqay dhinaca badda. Saddex maalmood ka dib, ciidamada Soviet qabsadeen bari ee magaalada. October 15, ayay galeen oo ay ka qayb galbeedka.

Marka horjeeda si buuxda uga wada gooyo ciidanka "Center", iyo caasimadda waxaa ka guulaystay, taliyayaasha siiyey amarka si loo baabi'iyo cadowga, kuwaas oo la wareegay Jasiiradda. Kurland kuleeliyaha ay aheyd inuu noqdo koobka ugu fudud oo ugu dhaqsaha badan iyadoo khasaaraha ugu yar.

The isku dayga koowaad ee badanoo

hoggaanka Soviet bilaabay weerar on 16 October. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kooxda Jarmalka ayaa dagaal. Dagaal culus. Ciidamada Soviet ku hadhay ay ahaayeen iyo ma awoodaan in ay qaataan dhulal cusub. Wuxuu tusay gaar ah u dhiirranow 1aad Shoogga Army. askari Its ay awoodaan si loo gaaro natiijo weyn.

Waxay ku guuleysteen in ay qaadaan magaalada Kemer oo u Dhawaanina derbiyada Tukums. Guud ahaan, waxay la qabtay, waayo, qiyaastii 40 km. Dheeraad ah, oo ay dhaqdhaqaaqa si ay u joojiyaan cadowga.

Ciidamada Red Qabanay dhabar jab kale oo ku saabsan 27 October. Hoggaanka ma aysan dooneynin inay si buuxda cadowga baabbi'in. Hawsha ugu weyn ay ahayd in ay jebiyaan oo difaaca iyo jebin ciidanka kooxo yar yar kuwaas oo aan awoodin in ay midba midka kale caawiyo. Laakiin waxaan ma uuna dumin, "kuleeliyaha Kurland". Oo dagaalkiina, kaasi oo bilowday 27-aad, ayaa sii waday ilaa October 31, ka dib markii taas weerar la hakiyey.

Foundation failure - hanuun hoose

Sida la sameeyey in ka badan dhowr bilood ee soo socda ay isku dayayaan in ay Wakiil ah naasiga ah, laakiin waxa ay si guul leh u counter-soo weeraray. Intaa waxaa dheer, ka mid ah si qalabka. Qayb ahaan loo isticmaalo rasaas. Wax khasaare nafeed culus ayaa askartii ka dhex, wax badan oo dhintay iyo dadka dhaawacmay.

Dabayaaqadii December Soofiyeedku ah dib u bilaabay weerarka. Taariikhi waxay ahayd magaaladii Liepaja.

Sababta ugu weyn ee loogu talagalay daahiyaan sii daayo Jasiiradda ahayd maamul xumo horjoogayaal Army Red. isgaarsiinta wayn oo ay ku fashilmeen in ay u hoggaansamaan qorshe hawleed keentay in xanibaadda dheer, taas oo uu hor joogsaday Pocket Courland ah. Quusiyay of Jarmalka, by la barbardhigo, tilmaan in Army "North" ayuu cohesively shaqeeyay sidii hal shaqeeyo a. Taliyeyaasha yeelatay Roobka ka mid ah waddooyinka tareennada, kaas oo kaalin muhiim ah in horumarinta hawlgallada dagaalka.

Sidaas darteed, ciidamada dariska ah si deg deg ah u helay in ay meesha loo baahan yahay caawimo. Dhinaca kale, qaadan kartaa dhowr saacadood askartii haddii ay khatar ku soo aaddan. Waxaa intaa dheer, dhulka Jarmal ayaa sidoo deyr leh oo sababi kara iska caabin ah muddo dheer.

khasaaraha xad-dhaaf ah iyo iska caabin xoog leh

In dayrta ee 1944 ee gobolka ee Jasiiradda, waxaa jiray 32 qaybsanaanta iyo 1 damiska. Waxa intaa dheer in Jarmalka dhinaca Nazi Germany dirireen noorwiijiga, Latvians, Istooniyaan iyo Holland. Waxay ka mid ahaayeen ciidamada reserve SS. Iyo, inkasta oo ay si fiican uma hubaysan oo aan ku gudbin tababarka, waxay qaateen qayb firfircoon ee dagaalka.

By dhamaadka sanadka tirada ciidamada, sida laga soo xigtay xogta xoqdo, hoos u dhacay 40 000. tirooyinka noocan oo kale ah ayaa lagu dilay mid xamaasad Courland in wajiga koowaad ee isku day si ay u tirtiraan. Waxaa la gudan karin wax ka badan shan boqol oo taangiyada.

Next, saddexaad ka mid ah howlgalka weerar bilaabay on 23 January. Its Ujeedada ahaa burburinta isgaarsiinta, taasoo ay fuliyeen in ka badan jid tareen ah. Dagaallada ayaa ku guulaysan diriray intii toddoba maalmood ah. Markaas taliyayaasha ciidamada qalabka Red go'aansaday inuu adkeeyo dhulka degan.

isku day Recent

Hal bil ka dib, wuxuu bilaabay ruxruxo afraad oo weerar on jeebka Courland ah (1945). February 20 dhibaato cusub ayaa loo aqoonsaday. Its nuxurka - si ay u tagaan webiga Vartava iyo dekedda Liepaja gooyay Jarmalka.

Intii lagu guda jiray howlgal culus oo safka hore ahayd la jebiyey, oo askar Soviet qaaday 2 kiiloomitir kale oo dhulka cadowga. Ciidamada Red u baahnaydeen a hub waaweyn-heerkiisa. Laakiin, dhinaca kale ee hore, Jarmalka si joogto ah u soo dhawaaday qalab iyo aadanaha gargaar labadaba.

Weerarka ayaa la joojiyay on 28 February.

Bishii Maarso, isku day la soo dhaafay oo baaxad weyn si ay u saaraan Jarmalka la sameeyay. kooxaha qaar ka mid ah ciidamada Soviet ku guulaysteen, laakiin goor dambe ayaa dib u riixay.

khasaaraha ka mid ah ciidamada gudaha lacag dhan in ka badan 30,000 oo dhintay iyo 130,000 oo qof ay ku dhaawacmeen.

Waayo, in la diriray Jarmalka

Long ma joogsan Courland Pocket. dagaalkii ugu dambeeyay ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida ee gobolka this dhamaaday wax yar ka hor ka buuxa is dhiibin ee Germany. May 9, 1945 nus ka mid ah ciidamada dhiibay. qayb kale waa Quudin Toban isku dayaya in ay qarin.

Waa in la ogaadaa, ay ESF. Behind dhabarka naasiga istaagay xor ka Sea military Soviet Baltic.

Jarmalka lahaa in aad maalin walba laba yar yar, ma dekedda istaraatiiji ah oo muhiim ah - Liepaja iyo Ventspils. Waa jidhka oo biyo ah naasiga oo la xiran karaa Germany. Military helaan taageero socotaa. Waxay si joogto ah u dhiibay cuntada, rasaas iyo qalabka caafimaadka. Sidoo kale sameeyay oo lagu daad guraynayo ku dhaawacmeen.

dhiibin iskaa wax u qabso

xiiso badan oo dadweyne ee halyeeyada iyo khuraafaadka taariikhda ciidamada. Kurland kuleeliyaha ma ahaa dhul muhiim istiraatiiji ah in beddelay koorsada taariikhda. Waxa uu noqday nooc ka mid ah tusaale ahaan ka mid ah itaaldarrada amarka Soviet in ay tallaabo cadowga soco wanaagsan.

Waxbarashada Kurland kooxaynta (magac xirtay Army "North" ka January 1945), waxay ahayd oo kaliya qalad. Ciidamada Kuwaasu waxay ahaayeen inuu ka tago Latvia dayrta ee 1944. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay raagid oo ka mid ah askartii guud Scherner go'ay ka "Center", iyo dib u badda riixay.

Dalab si ay u caawiyaan soo qaato horyaalka ee Berlin heshay in ka badan hal mar. Under derbiyada Reich soo diray carruurtooda, kuwa aan i arag dagaalka, halka on gaca Courland kun ee askari oo difaacay dersin degsiimooyinka yar.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in Hitler ee ka careysan Xusidda Diintooda ee is dhiibin ee dhulka, inkastoo dhowr kooxihii badda la keenay Germany. Laakiin waxay ahayd goor dambe. Hoos u dhaca tirada cadowga - sababta ugu weyn ee ay hawlgallo weerar ah USSR. Ciidamada cadowga ahaayeen badan, istaraatijiyad xariif ah, si bal yaa garanaya waxa ayaa soo gabagabeysay lahaa dhacdooyinka kor ku xusan, haddii aan lagu raafadiyay ee Berlin.