Ololaha reer Faaris ee Peter 1 (1722-1723). dagaal Ruush-Faarisi

Ololaha Faaris 1722-1723 GG. Waxaa meesha ka qaaday in qayb koonfur-bari oo ka mid ah Caucasus iyo Dagestan ee. Its Hadafkayagu waa in la soo celiyo wadada ganacsiga ka Hindiya iyo Central Asia si Europe.

shuruudaha

Peter dareenka badan ku bixisay in ay dhaqaalaha iyo ganacsiga. In 1716, ayuu u soo diray a go'id Bekovich-Cherkassky in Bukhara iyo Khiva via Sea Caspian ah. Inta lagu guda jiro duulaan waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd in ay bartaan habka ay u Hindiya, sahamiyaan kayd dahab ah qeybaha hoose ee Darya Amu ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, hawsha ahaa in uu ku qanciyo ka Emir of Bukhara inay saaxiibnimada, iyo Khan ee Khiva jinsiyadda Russia. Laakiin duulaan kowaad wuxuu ahaa si buuxda u musiibo. Khivan Khan aaminsiiyey Bekovich-Cherkasskiy eryi askartii, ka dibna kooxaha shaqsi dhacay, iyaga u baabbi'in. Ololaha reer Faaris ee Peter 1, sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa sabab u fariin siiyey by wakiilada Israa'iil Ori ka Syunik Melik. In waxa ay weyddiiyey Ruush Tsar caawimaad. Peter ballan qaaday in ay taageero ka abaalmarin ka dib dhamaadka dagaalka kula Sweden.

Xaaladda xeebta

Taariikhda Faaris, bilawgii qarniga 18aad waxaa loo calaamadeeyay by dhaqdhaqaaqa ee Caucasus Eastern kordhay. Sidaas darteed, ku xiran oo dhan dhulka xeebta ah ee Dagestan. Maraakiibta reer Faaris gacanta ku Sea Caspian ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma joojiyo inuu dirir taliyayaasha maxalliga ah. In Dagestan ka dhacay rabshado. Waxay si tartiib ah u noqday ku lug, iyo Turkey. Dhamaan arrimahan la welwelay Russia. Dawladdu waxay keentay ganacsiga iyada oo loo marayo Dagestan East. Sababo la xiriira waxqabadka Faaris jidka oo dhan ayaa dhab ahaantii ka gooyay. Ganacsatada Ruush khasaare weyn. All of xaaladda in negative ka muuqataa khasnadda dawladda.

Sababta degdeg ah

Victoriously dhawaan ka qalin War Northern ah, Russia ayaa bilaabay in ay diyaariyaan ciidamo u Caucasus u soo diro. Sababta toos ahaa dhac iyo garaaca baayacmushtariyaal Ruush ee Shamakhi. qabanqaabiyaha weerarka noqday milkiilaha Lezghian Daoud Bey. August 7, 1721 goobasho hubaysan halaagnay Gostiny Dvor dukaamo Ruush, garaacay kala firdhiyey karaaniyaal ah. Lezghins iyo Kumyks bililiqeystay alaabtoodii oo qiimihiisu ku saabsan nus milyan rubles.

tababarka

Ruush Emperor ogaaday in Shah Tahmasp II ka adkaadeen Afghanistan ee ay caasimadda. In gobolka of xasillooni bilaabay. Waxaa jiray khatar ah in Turkigu, ka faa'iidaysanaya xaalada, weerarkii ugu horreeyay oo ka hor Ruush ee Badda Caspian muuqan doonaa. Dib loo dhigo xilli reer Faaris ahaa mid aad u khatar ah. Diyaargaraw bilaabay in xilliga qaboobaha. In magaalada Volga ee Yaroslavl, Uglich, Nizhny Novgorod, Tver bilaabay dhismaha degdeg maraakiibta. In 1714-1715 GG. Bekovich-Cherkasskii baa'bin soohdimaha Caspian bariga iyo waqooyiga. In 1718-m description sidoo kale Urusov iyo Kozhin, iyo in 1719-1720. - Verdun iyo Soimonov. map Sidaas guud ee Badda Caspian la ururiyey.

qorshayaasha

Ololaha reer Faaris ee Peter 1 loo moodayay in ay bilaabaan ka jaaket. Waxa uu qorsheeyay si ay u tagaan xeebta Badda Caspian ah. Halkan waxaa u malaynayeen in ay qabsadaan magaalada Derbent iyo Baku. Ka dib markii in, waxaa la qorsheeyay in webiga tagaan. Digaag, inuu dhigo qalcadda. Markaas wadada u tageen inay Tiflis si ay u caawiyaan Georgians oo dagaalka ka dhanka ah Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda. From waxaa ka wadaan ahayd gaaray dalka Russia. Haddii ay dhacdo in uu dillaaco ee colaadaha ayaa lala xidhiidhay la Vakhtang VI (King of Kartli) iyo Astvatsatur I (Armenian Catholicos). Jaaket iyo Kazan noqday xarumaha tababarka iyo ururka ololaha. Afkaaga 80 berrinka ayaa abuuray 20 guuto. Tiradiisa ahaa 22 kun. Dadka. 196 gogo 'madaafiic. On habka ay u jaaket Peter ayaa isku raacay in la taageero Khan Kalmyk ku Ayuka. Sidaas darteed of askartii ku biiray awr Kalmyk, tirintii 7 kun Pers.. June 15, 1722 gooyo gaaray jaaket. Halkan uu go'aansaday in ay u diraan 22,000 Marines ah oo ku saabsan badda, iyo toddoba iyo regiments dragoon (9 kun oo qof ..) - kalen ka Tsaritsyn. Amarka ugu dambeeyay ee Major General Kropotov. On dhulka sida Don Cossacks iyo Ukraine ayaa lagu soo diray. Intaa waxaa dheer, soo kiraystay ahaa 3000 tataarka. In Kazan maraakiibta gaadiidka Admiralty la dhisay (wadarta 200) 6-aad. Badmaax.

Bayaanka u Peoples ah Caucasus iyo dalka Faaris

Waxaa la daabacay 15 (26) ee July. Qoraaga of fariin ku jirtay oo Cantemir Dimitrie, oo ahaa mas'uul ka ah xafiiska xerada. amiirka Tani waxay hantiyeen luqadaha Oriental, oo waxay isagii u sahlay in ay door muhiim ah xilli ciyaaro. Cantemir soo saaray dejiyo oo script Carabi, abuuray printer gaar ah. Bayaanka ayaa lagu turjumey reer Faaris, Tatar iyo Turkish.

Wejiga kowaad

Ololaha Faaris bilaabay ka Moscow. Si aad u dardar-horumarka ku saabsan seebab Wabiyaal doorsoomayaasha ayaa la diyaariyey jidka. By dhamaadka May, Peter gaaray Nizhny Novgorod, June 2 - in Kazan, 9 - in Simbirsk, 10 - in Samara, 13 - in Saratov, 15 - 1 Tsaritsyn, 19 - in jaaket. 2,06 ka Nizhny Novgorod iyo maxkamadda kaga tegey rasaas ah iyo askar. Sidoo kale waxay u tageen inay jaaket. Maraakiibta waxay ahaayeen shan saf ka mid ah ka dib markii kale ee. July 18, dhammaan maraakiibta baxay badda. Taliyaha waxaa lagu riday Tiri Fedor Matveevich Apraksin. July 20 maraakiibta galay Badda Caspian ah. Toddobaadka dhexdiisa, Fedor Matveevich Maxkamadda Apraksin keentay xeebta galbeed. By hore August si ay ugu biiraan ciidamada ciidanka Kabardian. Waxay la amray by Knyaz Aslan-Bek Murza iyo Cherkassy.

Endirey

July 27, 1722 waxaa jiray degtey ah Agrakhan Gacanka. Boqor Ruush markii ugu horeysay u degay dhulka ee Dagestan. Isla maalintaas, Peter diray askartii uu hogaaminayo veterans in ay qabsadaan Endireya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo ku saabsan habka ay u dejinta taal dooxada dhexdeeda lagu weeraray Kumyks. Jooggiisu qarineyseen dhagaxyada iyo kaynta. Waxay ku guulaysteen inay garoomada ka maqnaa riday 2 askari iyo 80 askari. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kooxda si deg deg ah isu urursaday, oo wuxuu tegey on weerar. cadowga ahaa adkaaday, iyo Erdirey gubay. The haray taliyayaashii severokumykskie muujiyey sida ay diyaar buuxa si ay ugu adeegaan Ruush ah. August 13 ciidamada soo galay Tarki. Halkan, Peter sharaf la kulmay. Shamhal Aldy Giray soo bandhigay in ay ku gaadhi Ruush Tsar, ciidamada helay khamriga, cunto iyo calafka. markii qaar ka mid ah ka dib, ciidamada soo galay hanti Utamyshskoe ah, kaas oo ku taala meel aan ka fogayn Derbent. Waxaa ay soo weerareen askartii 10000th Suldaan Maxamuud. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ruush ah u suurtagashay in ay sawiri ciidankii ka soo cararay oo sabab u ah dagaalka gaaban. Tuulada ayaa lagu gubay.

Derbent

Tsar Ruush waa uu iska daacad u ah kuwa isku raaceen in ay is dhiibaan, oo aad u adag in ay iska caabin. news Tani waxay ugu dhakhsaha badan faafin gobolka oo dhan. Marka tan la eego, iska caabin Derbent ma lahayn. August 23 taliyihii dhowr muwaadiniinta Madaxdii Gaalowday oo magaalada ka kulmay Ruush fog. All dhacay iyagoo Jilbo, keeno furayaasha lacag Peter iriddii. Tsar Ruush qaaday taliyihii si raxmad leh oo u balan qaaday in aan ciidamo u diraan magaalada galeen. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, soo dhaweyn diiran waa ka fog tahay dadka oo dhan, oo u badan shiicada. Waxay qabsadeen meel mudan, sida ay ahaayeen halbowlaha xukunkii Safavid ah. By August 30 Ruush degmada yimid. Rubas oo la dhigay qalcadda ee u dhow si degdeg ah dhulka deggan Tabasarans. Under maamulka ee Peter ahaayeen tuulooyin badan. Waayo, dhowr maalmood xaafadda oo dhan, oo ku taala inta u dhexeysa webiyada iyo Belbele Yalama, ayaa sidoo kale u dhaqaaqay u gumaysteen inay Ruush ah.

falcelinta ee maamulka deegaanka

sayidyada dhulgoosadka ee Dagestan dabeecadaha kala duwan si ay u muuqaalka kore ee Ruush. Xaaji Davud ayaa si firfircoon isku diyaarineysa difaaca. xulafadooda uu Ahmed III iyo Surkhay isku dayeen in ay in domains iyaga u gaar ah ku fadhiisan, in ay sugaan. Xaaji Davud ogaa si fiican oo keligeed ka dhanka weerarka aysan awood u yeelan doonaan. Marka tan la eego, in uu rajaynayo in Ahmed III iyo Surkhay caawin, waqti isku mid ah oo isku dayaya si loo hagaajiyo xiriirka ka ugu muhiimsan ee Tsar Ruushka - Turkigu.

Dhammeystirka wajiga koowaad

Ololaha Faarisi soo jeediyay in ku biiro ma aha oo kaliya in Dagestan, laakiin sidoo kale ku dhow oo dhan oo ah Transcaucasia. ciidanka Ruush bilaabay si ay isugu diyaariyaan dalacaad koonfureed. Dhab ahaantii, qaybta hore ee safar ahaa in ka badan. Continue Jidka dabeylo hortagi badda, taas oo ka dhigtay in ay adag tahay in la qaado cuntada. Boqor Ruush tagay ciidankii ka yar Colonel Juncker ee Derbent, oo wuxuu u kacay Russia on foot. On jidka laga bilaabo webiga. Sulak ayuu saaray dhufayskii. Quduuska ah. Iskutallaabood difaaca oo ah soohdinta darafkeeda. Sidaa awgeed, Peter iyo ciidankiisii biyahay in jaaket on. Ka dib markii uu ka soo tagay, amarka ciidamada ee Caucasus lagu wareejiyey Major General Matiushkin.

Rasht

By dayrta ee 1722 gobolka Gilan hanjabay shaqo Afghanistan. Latest galeen heshiis qarsoodi ah la Turkigu. taliyaha gobolka waxay u leexatay xagga caawimaad Ruush. Matyushkin go'aansaday inuu hortago cadowga. Waxa uu ahaa ku filan si ay si deg deg ah loo diyaariyey 14 doonniyo qaaday 2 batalyan oo la madaafiic. November 4 markab oo ka mid ah jaaket oo muddo bil ah ka dib yimid Anzali. caga magaalada Rasht Small la qaatay dagaal la'aan. sanadka soo socda, guga ee Guilan loo diray faa'iidada in cadadka 2 kun. Dadka. Marines 24 qori. Waxaa loo amray by Major General Levashov. Si wadajir ah, ciidamada Ruush degan gobolka oo dhan. Oo sidaas ha loo aasaasay gacanta qaybta koonfureed ee xeebta Badda Caspian.

Baku

Mid kale oo Derbent Ruush saarkii diray magaalada Lieutenant Lunin la martiqaad in ay is dhiibaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Baku saamayn wakiilada Daud badance. Iyagu ma loo oggol yahay magaalada Lunin galay oo diiday gargaar ka Ruush. 20 June 1773 Matyushkin madax for Baku ka jaaket. July 28 ciidamada soo galay magaalada. Power, iyaga soo dhaweeyo Matiushkin wareejiyay furayaasha iriddii. Ka dib markii qaadashada magaalada, ciidamada ku yaalla 2 caravanserais iyo aasaasay gacanta oo dhan dhibcood istiraatiiji ah oo muhiim ah. Isagoo helay news in Sultan Mohammed Hussein Bey hayo la Haji Dawood taabto, Matyushkin ku amray inay soo qabtaan isaga xabsiga. Ka dib markii in, uu saddex walaalo ah iyo hantida u cid diray in jaaket. Derge Quli badance ayaa loo magacaabay taliyaha Baku. Waxa uu salaan kal rank ee kornayl. Sida loo magacaabay taliyaha Prince Baryatinsky. Ololaha 1723 ayaa loo ogol yahay in ay gebi ahaanba ku qabsadaan xeebaha oo dhan Sea Caspian ah. Tani, ka bacdi, waxay keeni nacayb daran in jagooyinka of Haji Dawood. Luminta gobolka Caspian ah, dhab ahaantii wuxuu badiyay awoodda uu u dib-u-abuuro dawlad xor ah oo awood gayiga Lezgistan iyo Shirvan. Xaaji Davud ahayd waqti in in dhalashada Turkish. Oo iyana ma ay leeyihiin wax kasta oo ay u taageeraan isaga, maxaa yeelay, waxay ahaayeen ka qayb qaatay xalinta a dhibaatooyinka iyaga u gaar ah.

natiijooyinka

Ololaha reer Faaris ahaa mid aad u guulaystay dowladda Ruush. Waxaa dhab ahaan la aasaasay gacanta xeebta Caucasus Bari. The guulaha ciidanka Ruush iyo duulaankii ciidamada urub qasbay Faaris saxiixayaan heshiis nabadeed. Waxa uu xabsi ku Petersburg. Iyadoo la tixraacayo Heshiiskii of 12 (23) ee September 1723, in ay Ruushka ka baxeen qaybo badan. iyaga dhex yiil, gobolka Shirvan Astrabad, Mazandaran, Gilan. Dhaqaaqay Tsar Ruushka iyo Rasht, Derbent, Baku. Laga soo bilaabo horumarinta qaybta dhexe ee Caucasus, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in loo dayacay. Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab u ah xaqiiqada ah in xagaagii 1723 gayiga oo ka mid ah ciidamada urub galay. Waxay halakeeyey Georgia, dhulka galbeed ee Azerbaijan casriga ah iyo Armenia. In 1724, iyadoo Porte la saxeexay heshiiskii Constantinople. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, Suldaanka aqoonsan yahay helitaanka ee boqortooyadiisa Ruush ee gobolka Caspian iyo Russia, markeeda, - ay xaq u leeyihiin in dhulka of Caucasus Galbeed. xiriirka Later la Turkigu aad bay u sii xumaatay. Si looga hortago dagaal cusub oo dowladda Ruush waxaa xiiseynaya isbahaysi la Faaris, ku soo laabtay iyada oo dhan dhulka la heestayaal u ah khuseeya weed iyo heshiis Rasht.

gunaanad

Peter waqtigii fulisay ololaha. Isaga oo guul hubiyaa tiro ku filan oo dadka, Maraakiibta iyo qoryaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, Tsar Ruushka ahaa awoodaan in ay askareeyaan taageerada deriska. Waxay diyaar jawaabay in uu codsiga. Tusaale ahaan, ciidamada Ruush buuxsantay dagaalladii Kabardian, kiraystay by tataarka ah. Saas ma aha ee tababarka abaabulan qaaday meel tug ah. Waxay qaadatay oo dhan ma aha waqti badan. Muhiimad gaar ah xilli aan haysano maraakiibta gaadiidka. Waxay hubiyaan in sahayda kala go 'qodobada. Waxaa sidoo kale muhim ahaayeen farsamooyinkooda Ruush iyo istiraatiiji ah. Marka la eego in aagga uu ahaa aqoon, ay awoodaan in ay ku dhowaad xakameeyo dhulka oo dhan ay ahaayeen. Dhibaatooyinka Big uu samatabbixin karo Ruush Turkiga. Waxay balaaran cadaadis xoog leh ku Haji Dawood. Waxa uu, ka bacdi, saamayn ku Society iyo taliyayaal kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xitaa tan ma laga hortagi karo hirgelinta qorshayaasha Butros. Haddii aan waayo dabeylo dayrta ee Badda Caspian ah, waa arrin macquul ah inuu ku gudubtay lahaa xitaa dheeraad ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la go'aamiyay inuu ku soo laabto. dhulal Si kastaba ha ahaatee ay gacanta ku ahaayeen ciidamada Ruush. Waxa la ogaaday dhowr qalcado. In tuulooyinka iyo magaalooyinka maamulka ka mid ah saraakiisha Ruush joogay. On dhulka of Caucasus Eastern waqtiga bixitaanka Peter in Russia ma jirin heshiis hal caasiyoobay. xaalada ayaa ah mid qasan, waayo qaar ka mid ah Mountaineers la'aanta ee xulafada. Qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxaa laga yaabaa in ay ku riday ilaa iska caabin ah, laakiin iyada oo la tixgelinayo sinnaan ciidamada ka doorteen in ay is dhiibaan. Inta badan dagaalada ka dhacay lahayn dhiig ama khasaaraha yar dhinaca Ruush. Tani waxa ay ahayd in badan sabab u ahaa xaqiiqada ah in taliyayaasha maxalliga ah ayaa lagu yaqaan dhaqanka ee Peter iyo Muslimiinta. Haddii uu sheegay in uu ciidamo u dirin lahaa wareejinayn magaaladoodii, ka dibna wuxuu doonayaa inuu yabooha. Laakiin adag oo ku filan in ay iska caabin Ruush helay. Nuqdada muhiimka ah waxay ahayd qabashada Baku. Iyada oo shaqo Ruush ah oo magaalada gacanta ku dhowaad xeebaha oo dhan. Waxa ay ahayd qabashada ugu hufan oo ugu weyn. Against hortegi lahaa ee guul ugu dambeeyay ee dagaalkii Waqooyi, guusha xilli Faaris ka sii weyneeyo Tsar Ruush. Sidoo kale waa in la dhasha maskaxda ku haysaa in dalka gooyo eryadeen dibuhabaynta firfircoon qabanayaa gobolka Europeanization. All this Russia dalka Eebana waa xoog badan wada ayaa, kuwaas oo ka qayb ah xiriirka dibadda noqday khasab ah. Peter tug Bariga Transcaucasia si loo hubiyo in ganacsiga direen hey'adaha ee baayacmushtariyaasha Ruush. Dadkaas iyaga ah, waddooyinka ahaayeen furan mar kale, waxay joogsadeen inuu qaado khasaaraha. Oo buuxsameen khasnadda reer boqor. Saraakiisha haray ee rugo askareed oo qalcadihiinna oo sii waday in ay halkaas u adeegi ilaa saxiixa heshiiska cusub ee 1732 iyo 1735. heshiisyada Kuwan waxaa loo baahan yahay in laga nafiso Peter xiisad on xuduudaha iyo ka hortagga dagaallada Turks.