Slavs - Waa kuma kan? Taariikhda iyo khuraafaadka ah Slavs ah

In taariikhda badan Slavs of dhibco cad, taas oo awood badan "culimada" casriga ah ku salaysan isla dhexmarayo iyo xaqiiqooyinka furin in ay la Yimaadeen aragtiyaha ugu fantastic ah oo ku saabsan asalka iyo formation of state oo ka mid ah dadyowga Slavic. xitaa fikirka ah "Slav" waxaa inta badan loo fahmay oo loo arko isku micne ah "Ruush". Intaa waxaa dheer, waa ra'yi in Slav ah - dhalasho. All wareer this.

Waa kuwee Slavs ah?

Slavs ka samaysan bulshada fitnada Al-luqadda ugu weyn ee Europe ee. waxaa Inside, waxaa jira saddex kooxood oo waaweyn: Slavs Bari (.. Ie, Ruush, Belarusians iyo Ukraine), Western (polish, Czech, Sorbs iyo Slovakia) iyo Slavs Koonfurta (iyaga ka mid ah waxaa loogu yeedhi doonaa Bosniaks, seerbiyiin, Makedoniya, Niko, Bulgarian, Montenegrins, Slovenes). Slav - a ma dhalasho sida quruun - fikradda ah ayaa cidhiidhi. quruumaha Slavic Individual la sameeyey xad daahay, halka Slavs (ama halkii, Slavs qadiimiga) loo qoondeeyey ka bulshada Indo-Yurub iyo badh kun oo sano ka BC. e. Waxay qaadatay dhowr qarniyo, oo ay ku soo barteen ku safra qadiimiga ah. At Warega of Slavs da 'ah ayaa lagu xusay by taariikhyahan Roman sida "geyoon": oo laga helay ilo ku qoran waxaa la ogsoon yahay in qabiilooyinka Slavic la dagaallameen reer Germany.

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ku dhashay ee Slavic (more hufan, meeshii ay la sameeyey sida bulshada a) waxay ahayd dhul u dhaxeeya oder iyo Vistula (qorayaasha qaar ka mid ah ay sheegayaan in dhexeeya oder iyo koorsada dhexe ee Dnieper ah).

ethnonym

Halkan waxa macno si ay u eegaan su'aasha ah ee asalka ah ee erayga "Slav." In dadyowga kaaa ayaa inta badan loo yaqaan ka dib markii webiga on kuwaas oo bangiyada ay ku noolaayeen. Dnieper wakhtiyadii hore la odhan jiray oo kaliya "Slavutich". xidid aad u of "ammaan" waxa laga yaabaa in ay dib eray caadi ah oo dhan Indo kleu la ogan, taasoo la micno ah warkiisii ama Executive Outcomes. Waxaa jira version kale ee caadiga ah: "Slovakia", "tslovak" iyo ugu dambeyntii, "Slav" - waxa kaliya ah "nin" ama "qof ku hadla luqadda." Wakiilada qabiilooyinka qadiimiga shisheeyayaal oo la hadlay afka qalaad, dadka guud ahaan looma tixgeliyo mid ah. Is-dhigidda dadka wax - tusaale ahaan, "Mansi" ama "Nenets" - kiisaska intooda badan, waxay ka dhigan tahay "nin" ama "nin."

Dhaqaalaha. qaab-dhismeedka bulshada

Slav - beeraley ah. Baaqbaaq awowayaashiin dalkii reer Slavs ka dib bartay in maalmood marka Indo-Yurub oo dhan lahaa luqadda caadi ah. In Northern Territory ku dhaqma beeraha xarriiq-iyo-gubashada ku yaalla koonfurta - jeexan. Koray masago, iyo sarreen, oo shaciir ah, galley, waxayga linenka ah, iyo hemp. dalagyada khudradda la gartaa, kaabajka, xididdo, bagalka. Slavs The ku noolaa kaynta iyo steppe aagagga, si ku hawlan iyo ugaarsiga iyo apiculture, iyo sidoo kale kaluumeysiga. Waxay sidoo kale kiciyey xoolaha. Slavs ayaa la sameeyay oo tayo leh waqtiga hubka, pottery, qalabka beeraha.

In marxaladaha hore ee horumarinta Slavs jirin bulshada qabiil, taas oo si tartiib tartiib ah Maarraynta deris. Sidaas darteed ka mid ah ololaha militari ee lahaanshada ka soo istaagay in uu ogaado; Waxaan u helay in ay dalka ku ogaan iyo nidaamka la wadaago waxaa bedelay dhulgoosadka.

Guud ahaan taariikhda Slavic wakhtiyadii hore

In waqooyiga Slavs ku noolaa dhinac la Baltiga iyo qabiilooyinka Germanic galbeed - la Celts ah, xagga bari - la Scythians iyo Sarmatians, iyo xagga koonfureed - la qadiimiga Makedoniya, Thracians, Illyrians. Dhamaadka BC qarnigii 5aad. e. oo waxay gaadheen Baltic iyo Black Badaha, iyo qarnigii 8aad gaadhay Lake Ladoga iyo baasana Balkans. By qarnigii 10aad Slavs ku qabsadeen dalka ka Volga si Elbe ah, ka Mediterranean si Baltic. hawlaha socdaalka Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab u tahay jabsata ah reer guuraa ka soo Central Asia, deriska-Jarmalka weerarada, iyo sidoo kale isbedelka cimilada ee Europe: qabiilooyinka shaqsi lagu qasbay in ay raadsadaan dalalka oo cusub.

Taariikhda Plain Bariga Yurub Slavs

Eastern Slavs (awoowayaasha Ukraine oo casri ah, Belarusians iyo Ruush), si ay AD qarnigii 9aad. e. dalkii ay ka Carpathians ka qaaday in ay qeybaha dhexe oo ka mid ah Oka iyo Don Sare, ka Ladoga in Dnieper Dhexe. Waxay la falgaleen dalalka Finno-Ugric iyo Baltic maxaliga ah. Horeba in qarnigii 6aad, qabiilooyinka yar waxay bilaabeen inay galaan gaashaanbuur kasta oo kale, taasoo ku calaamadsan dhalashada qarannimada. At madaxa kasta oo Midowga ahaa hogaamiye military.

Magacyada gaashaanbuur ah qabiilooyinka waxaa lagu yaqaan in oo dhan dabcan dugsiga ee taariikhda, waayo, kaasu drevlyans iyo vyatichi iyo Waqooyiga, iyo krivichi. Laakiin ugu wanaagsan ee loo yaqaan, laga yaabee, xaadhista iyo Ilmen Slovenes. Kii u horreeyey ayaa ku noolaa hareeraha qeybaha dhexe ee Dnieper iyo aasaasay Kiev, ee la soo dhaafay ku noolaa on xeebaha Lake Ilmen iyo Novgorod dhisay. Kacay qarnigii "wadada ka Vikings si Gariigta ah" 9aad gacan ka ay kor u kaceen iyo, markii danbe, in ururka magaalooyinkaas. Sidaas sannaddii 882 waxaa jiray gobolka ka mid ah Slavs of Bannaankii Bariga Yurub - Russia.

caddooyinka sare

Slavs ma la odhan karaa waa dadkii hore. Si ka duwan Masriyiinta iyo Hindida, iyagu ma ay leeyihiin waqti in la dhiso nidaam mythological sare. Waxaa la og yahay in khuraafaadka cosmogonic ah Slavs (t. E. khuraafaadka ku saabsan asalka ah ee dunida) badan ee caadiga ah la-Finno Ugric. Waxay sidoo kale soo bandhigi ukun oo ka kaas oo ah "dhashay" dunida, iyo laba shinbiraha ku amar oo ciid ah ee ilaah-dhalista wayn ka hoose ee badda si ay u abuuraan Terra Murerfirma. Markii hore Slavs caabudeen Rod oo Rozhanitsy ka dib - gaar ciidamada dabiiciga ah (Perun, Svarog, Mokosh Dazhdbog).

Waxaa fikrad Jannada - Iria (Vyrii), Tree Adduunka (Dube). Fikradaha diineed ee Slavs horumartay weheliyaan khadadka la mid ah sida in ka mid ah oo kale oo dadyowga ee Europe (ka dib markii Slavs qadiimiga ah - waa Yurub!): Deification ee ifafaale dabiiciga ah si ay aqoonsi Ilaah mid. Waxaa la og yahay in qarnigii 10-aad BC. e. Prince Vladimir uu isku dayayo inuu "mideeyo" karnoo ee samaynta ilaaha wayn Perun - askari oo weli Sokeeye. Laakiin dib u habaynta ku guuldareysatay, oo amiir u lahaa in ay bixiyaan Masiixiyada dareenka. Christianization qasabka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aysan awoodin in ay si buuxda u baabbi'in fikradaha jaahilka: Eliiyaah Nabiga noqday tilmaamay Perun, iyo Masiixa iyo Maryan oo bikrad ah waxay bilaabeen inay la xusan qoraalka ee qardhaasaha sixir.

caddooyinka hoose

Hoogay, ee khuraafaadka Slavic ku saabsan ilaahyada iyo geesiyaal aan la duubay. Laakiin dadkan ku abuuray caddooyinka fiican oo heer hoose, taas oo jilayaasha - goblins, mermaids, vampires, Zalozhnev, Bannikov, ovinnik iyo poludenitsy - og nahay of songs ku, warkii, maahmaahyo. Back ee hore yaroow qarnigii 20aad sheegay ethnographers oo ku saabsan sida aad naftaada uga Werewolf ah oo heshiis la dhawrta Biyaha. haraadiga Qaar ka mid ah jaahilnimada nool maskaxda ku caanka ah ilaa hadda.