Operation "Bagration". Qorshaha sii daayo Belarus (1944)

In xagaagii 1944 Army Soviet la ansixiyay waayo xoraynta kama dambaysta ah ee Belarus ka Jarmalka. content ugu weyn ee qorshaha hawlgalka "Bagration" abaabulay weerar dhinacyo dhowr ah, taas oo ahayd inay ku tuuraan ciidamada Wehrmacht ka baxsan dalka. Guusha ogol yahay USSR ay u bilaabaan xoraynta ee Poland iyo Bariga Prussia.

ka hor

Qorshaha Istiraatiijiga ah "Bagration" waxaa loogu talagalay sida ay xaaladda ka jirta bilowga ah ee 1944 ee Belarus. Ciidamada Red waxa uu leeyahay qayb ka xoreeyay ee gobollada Vitebsk, Gomel, Mogilev iyo Polesie ee dalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in badan oo ka mid ah dhulkeeda weli degan unugyada Jarmal. At hore, la aasaasay qiyaas ah in Wehrmacht la yaqaan "balakoonka Belarus". At xarunta Reich Saddexaad sameeyey wax walba oo macquul ugu dheer ee suurtogalka in ay sii this aagga istiraatiijiga ah oo muhiim ah.

Si ay u difaacaan xuduudaha cusub network 250 kilomitir oo dherer ah waxaa la abuuray. Waxay ahaayeen boholo, Maritime Bureau oo so keeye. Qaybo ka mid dhakhso ah qoday boholo lidka taangiyada. Amarka Jarmal aysan awoodin in ay xitaa ay kordhiso ka socda u gaar ah ee Belarus, inkastoo yaraanta khayraadka aadanaha. Sida laga soo xigtay xogta sirdoonka Soviet ee gobolka, waxa uu ahaa wax yar ka badan hal milyan oo dheeraad ah askari oo ka mid ah Wehrmacht ah. Maxaa this laga yaabaa in soo horjeeda "Operation Bagration"? Qorshaha ayaa waxaa ku salaysan weerarka, in ka badan nus milyan oo askari.

ansixinta qorshe

Diyaarinta hawlgalka in laga adkaado kooxda Jarmalka ee Belarus bilowday amar Stalin ee April 1944. Isla mar ahaantaana Shaqaalaha Guud bilaabay in ay diiradda saaraan qeybta ay khuseyso oo ka mid ah ciidamada hore iyo qalabka. qorshaha asalka ah "Bagration" waxaa la soo jeediyay by General Alekseem Antonovym. Dabayaaqadii May, oo uu u diyaarshay hawlgalka qabyo ah.

Isla mar ahaantaana in Moscow ayaa sababa u taliyey muhiim ah oo ku saabsan Front Galbeed. Waxay ahayd Konstantin Rokossovsky, Ivan Chernyakhovsky iyo Ivan Bagramyan. Waxay sheegay in xaaladda ka jirta qeybaha kala duwan ee hore ay. dood ayaa waxaa sidoo kale ka qeybgalay Georgy Zhukov iyo Alexander Vasilevsky (Command wakiilada Tartannada). Qorshaha updated iyo safeeyey. Ka dib markii in, on May 30 waxaa loo ogolaaday by Taliyaha Sare.

"Bagration" (qorshaha ayaa u magacaabay in sharaf of General of War ka Patriotic ee 1812 sano) oo ku salaysan fikrad soo socda. difaaca cadowga ee lahaa in la isku burburiyey lix qeybaha kala duwan ee hore. Ka dib markii in la qorsheeyay Buuloburde ayaa ka mid ah ciidamada Jarmal on xanjaadka (meel u dhow Bobruisk iyo Vitebsk), weerar jihada of Brest, Minsk iyo Kaunas. Ka dib markii guuldarro dhamaystiran oo Army 1aad Belorussian Front Waxaan u lahaa in Socda Warsaw, 1-dii Baltic - by Konigsberg iyo 3aad Belarus - dhinaca Allenstein.

tallaabo dhuumaalaysiga

Guusha hawlgalka waxaa bixiyey "Bagration"? Qorshaha ayaa waxaa ku salaysan oo keliya ma aha on waxqabadka amar ciidanka Tartannada, laakiin sidoo kale ay iskaashi firfircoon la jabhada ah. Si aad u awood isgaarsiinta u dhaxeeya abuuray ciidamada hawl gaar ah. June 8 Awliyadiisa ka hawlgala dhulka hoostiisa ah, ayaa lagu amray in ay u diyaar garoobaan burburinta tareenka, ee ku sugan gayiga.

Habeenka June 20 waxaa kor loo Suurka ka badan 40,000 tareenka. Intaa waxaa dheer, jabhada shil tareen of Wehrmacht ah. Group "Center" weerar ah oo isku dubaridan oo ay ciidanka Soviet yimid, ma ayna karin inay soo jiidaan ilaa kaydka safka hore ay sabab u tahay curyaannimo ee isgaarsiinta iyaga u gaar ah.

Vitebsk-Orsha Offensive

"Bagration" howlgalka on June 22 bilaabay wajiga firfircoon. Waxa ka mid ah taariikhda this soo beegay. weerar General waxaa si dhakhso ah dib u bilaabay at-guuradii saddexaad ee weerarka German on Midowga Soofiyeeti. 1-dii Baltic Front iyo 3aad Belarus ayaa loo isticmaalo hawlgalka Vitebsk-Orshanskaya. In dabcan waxay ahayd in la keeno hoos u difaaca kooxda garabka midig "Center". Ciidamada Red The xoreeyay ah xarumaha gobolka dhowr ka mid ah gobolka Vitebsk, oo ay ku jiraan Orsha ah. Jarmalka ayaa meel walba sii Socda.

June 27 Vitebsk waxaa ka bariyeelay cadowga. Habeeynimadii of kooxda Jarmalka, kaasoo ka hawl degaanka ee magaalada, waxaa la hoos geliyey in ay madaafiic culus iyo hawada badan weerarada. Qayb weyn oo ka mid ah ciidamada dalka Jarmalka ayaa ku hareereysan. Isku dayo by qaybahoodii qaarkood jejebiso noqdeen wax aan waxba.

June 28 la sii daayay Lepel. Sidaas darteed, Vitebsk-Orsha Offensive Ciidanka Cas ahaa awoodaan in ay ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba 53aad cadowga Army Corps baabbi'in. Wehrmacht ayaa laga badiyay 40,000 dilay iyo 17,000 oo qabsaday.

xoraynta Mogilev

Korsaday by Xarunta Guud ee Militariga Plan "Bagration" waxay ahayd in hawlgalka Mogilev noqon lahaa dharbaaxo weyn oo si Wehrmacht ah. In deegaanka this, ciidamada Jarmal ahaa wax yar ka yar qaybaha kale ee hore. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, halkan weerar Soviet aad u muhiim ahaa, maxaa yeelay, cadowgii jaray wadooyinka baxsado.

jihada Mogilev The oo ka mid ah ciidamada Jarmal ahaayeen difaaca si fiican u diyaarsan. Magaalada kasta oo yar, waa u dhow waddada wayn, waxaa qalcaddii ku noqotay. habab Eastern in Mogilev way qarsoomeen by dhowr giraanta daafaca. Hitler hadal dadweynaha uu, ayaa sheegay in magaalada waa in la qabtaa ee kharashka oo dhan. Leave hadda la ogol yahay oo kaliya marka la helo rabitaan shakhsi ahaaneed ee Fuehrer ah.

June 23 ka dib markii weerar madaafiic ah ciidamada Front Byelorussian 2aad bilaabay inuu ku qasbi ee webiga Prony. Dhinacyada qararkiisa oo lagu qabtay Jarmalka dhisay line a dhanka daafaca. Guud ahaan webiga ayaa la soo rogay daraasiin buundooyinka. Col durba waa ma iska caabin ah, maxaa yeelay, wuxuu ahaa curyaan by madaafiic. Si dhakhso ah waxaa la xoojiyay dalka Dnieper sare ee gobolka Mogilev. magaaladii la qabsaday on June 28 ka dib markii ay weerar deg deg ah. Wadajir intii uu socday hawlgalku qaaday maxbuus in ka badan 30 kun oo askari oo Jarmal. Ciidamada Wehrmacht hore gurteen ee abaabulan, laakiin ka dib markii ay dib u gurasho Mogilev this galay isriixidda noqotay.

Bobruisk hawlgalka

hawlgalka Bobruiskaya la sameeyay ee dhinaca koonfurta. Waxay ahayd in ay keento Buuloburde ayaa ka mid ah unugyada Jarmal, taas oo heerka la isku diyaarineysa kuleeliyaha oo baaxad weyn oo ah. Qorshaha hawlgalka "Bagration" waxay ahayd in hawshan ahaa si ay u qabtaan Front Belorussian 1st, amray by Rokossovsky.

Near weerar Bobruisk bilaabay on June 24, waa wax yar ka dib ka badan qaybaha kale ee hore. In gobolka this, waxaa jiray meelaheeda dhoobada badan. Jarmalka ma filan in Ciidanka Cas Adkaan qoyan this. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhaqdhaqaaq adag hase ahaatee lagu qabtay. Sidaas darteed, ciidankii 65-th sameeyey dharbaaxo degdeg ah oo cajiib ah in hoog oo aan la sugayay cadowga. On June 27, Ciidamada Soviet wareegay waddooyinka ee Bobruisk. magaalada ku galeen. Bobruisk waxaa ka bariyeelay Wehrmacht fiidkii of 29. Inta uu hawlgalka socday halaagnay Army 35aad iyo 41 guryaha Panzer. Ka dib guul ciidanka Soviet on xanjaadka u it for furay jidka loo Minsk.

Polotsk dharbaaxo

Ka dib markii guusha Vitebsk 1aad Baltic Front hoos amarka Ivan Bagramyan ku daray in wajiga labaad ee weerar on jagooyinka Jarmal. Haddaba, Army Soofiyeeti ahayd in la xoreeyo Polotsk. Sidaas awgeed, waxaan go'aansaday xarunta, isku dubaridka hawlgalka "Bagration" ah. in lagu soo qabto qorshaha lahaa in la sameeyo sida ugu dhaqsaha badan, sababtoo ah ee ku yaala goobahan waxaa jiray koox xoog ciidammadu "North".

Afuufa si Polotsk waxaa laga dhigay on 29 June by a ciidamada istiraatiiji ah Soviet yar. Ciidamada Red caawisay jabhada, kuwaas oo si lama filaan ah ay weerar ku gadaalka dambe ee ku kala firdhi yar ciidamada Jarmal. Foori labada dhinac si ay u sameeyaan wareer weyn iyo fowdo in madaxda sare ee cadowga. Garrison Polotsk go'aansaday u Dumayn hor dheri xiran.

July ciidankii Soviet 4aad xoreeyay Polotsk, oo istaraatiiji ah ayaa sidoo kale muhiim u ahaa sababtoo ah waa isgoyska tareenka a. Guuldaradan ayaa waxa ay keentay in eryiddan ku Wehrmacht. Waxa uu badiyay Taliyaha booska uu of Group Army "North" George Lindemann. Madaxda Jarmal, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax kale ma aha in la sameeyo waxaa kari waayeen. Horaantii, on June 28 wax la mid ah ku dhacay Field Marshal Ernst Bush amray Army Group "Center".

xoraynta ee Minsk

The guulaha Dhexe ee Soviet Army si dhakhso ah loo ogol yahay in ay ku riday "Bagration" hawlaha cusub ee howlgalka. Qorshaha Belarus Free ahaa abuurista kuleyliyaha dhow Minsk. Waxaa la sameeyay ka dib markii kooxda Jarmalka ay gacantooda ka Bobruisk iyo Vitebsk. 4-tii ciidanka Jarmal ahaa bari ee Minsk iyo ka go'ay dunida inteeda kale oo ku jira meesha ugu horeeyay, ciidamada Soviet ayaa riixaya ka woqooyi iyo xagga koonfureed, iyo marka labaad, caqabadaha dabiiciga ah ee foomka of webiyaasha. West webiga biyaa. Berezina.

Marka General Kurt von Tippelskirch amar ku bixiyay in dib u gurasho habaysan, oo ciidankiisii lahaa inuu u dhaqaaqo inta webiga ka shishaysa oo ku saabsan hal wadada buundada iyo wasakh ah. The Germany iyo xulafadooda weeraray jabhada ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, aagga isgoyska duqeeyey qarax. Ciidamada Red The gudbay Berezina on June 30. Minsk la sii daayay July 3, 1944. In caasimadda ah ee Belarus muuqday hareereysan 105 kun oo askari oo ka mid ah Wehrmacht ah. Dilay in ka badan 70, iyo 35 kale loo qaaday maxbuus.

March Mareykanka Östersjön

Dhanka kale, ciidamada oo ka mid ah 1-dii Baltic Front tegey on weerar ee waqooyi-galbeed. Askar ka yar amarka Baghramyan lahaa in ay jebiyaan ilaa badda bari, oo ka gooyay Group Army "North" ka cutubyo kale oo ka mid ah ciidamada qalabka sida Jarmal. Qorshaha "Bagration", ee gaaban, waxaa la filayaa in guusha howlgalka lahaa koror weyn oo qeybta this ee hore. Sidaas daraaddeed 1-dii hore Baltic wareejiyo 39aad iyo 51th Army.

Marka kaydka waxaa ugu dambeyntii si buuxda u gaareen meel sare, Jarmalka u suurtagashay in ay jiid si Daugavpils xoog badan. Hadda oo ciidankii Soviet ma ahaa sida faa'iido fahmayaan tiro, labada marxalad hore ee hawlgalka "Bagration". Qorshuhu wuxuu for blitzkrieg a by wakhtigaas hore u ahaa ku dhowaad dhamaystiran. Askar ku hadhay shahawada ee la soo dhaafay si ay ugu dambeyntii ka soo duulay xoreeyaan dhul Soviet. Daugavpils iyo Siauliai la sii daayay, inkastoo siibasho deegaanka weerarka, on 27 July. 30 tirada ciidamada jaray line la soo dhaafay tareenka taas oo horseeday ka bari in East Prussia. Maalintii xigtay, cadowga ahaa ka dhiidhiyaan Jelgava, jidaynayey ciidankii Soviet ugu dambeyntii in badda xeebteeda yimid.

Vilnius hawlgalka

Marka Chernyakhovsky ka xoreeyay Minsk iyo adkaaday Wehrmacht ciidanka 4th, Xarunta Guud ee isaga soo diray cusub oo ah dardaaran. Haddaba ciidamada oo ka mid ah 3-dii Belorussian Front ahaayeen free Vilnius iyo wabiga ka gudbaan Neman. Si uu ku rumoobo amarka bilaabay on July 5, ie maalin ka dib markii dagaalka ee Minsk.

In Vilnius waxaa deyr ciidankii, oo ka kooban 15,000 oo askari. Hitler, si ay u sii caasimadda ah ee Lithuania bilaabay inuu door biday in ay ku dhaqaaqdo dacaayad caadiga ah, ugu yeeray magaalada "qalcadda ee la soo dhaafay". Dhanka kale, ciidamada 5aad horeba lagu jiro maalintii ugu horraysay ee weerarka ka dhaceen ilaa 20 kilomitir. difaaca Jarmalka ka caajisay oo dabacsan ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in dhammaan ka hawlgala ee horyaalka bari ayaa si xun dildillaacsadeen in dagaallada hore. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, on July 5, naasiga weli isku dayeen in ay counterattack. isku day Tani waxay noqdeen wax aan waxba. ciidanka Soviet hore u ahaa jidka magaalada soo gala.

9 tirada ayay qabsadeen dhibcood muhiim ah - saldhigga iyo garoonka diyaaradaha. Lugta iyo taangiga shaqaalaha weerar qiyaano. Caasimadda ah ee Lithuania la sii daayey on 13 July. Waxaa xusid mudan in ciidamada of Front Belorussian 3aad ka caawiyay ciidamada Polish Ciidanka Home. Wax yar ka hor xilligii dayrta ee magaalada ay kiciyey caasinimo ah.

End of hawlgalka

At heerka ugu dambeeya ee howlgalka Ciidamada Soviet oo dhamaystiran xoraynta ee gobolka Western Belarus, waxaa ku sugnaa meel u dhow xudduudda ay la wadaagaan Poland. July 27 waxaa ku eeliyey Bialystok. Sayidka, askartii ugu dambeyntii soo gaadhay soohdimaha gobolka pre-dagaal. August 14 Osovets Army xoreeyay oo qabsadeen bridgehead a on webiga Narew.

26 July Ciidamada Soviet ahaayeen oo ku taal duleedka Brest. Laba maalmood ka dib, meel magaalada ahayd la tagay oo ka mid ah gumeystayaal Jarmal. Bishii Agoosto weerar ay ku qaadeen bariga dalka Poland. Jarmalka isaga rogay dhow Warsaw. August 29 waxaa la daabacay amarka of Command Sare, sida uu sheegay oo Army Cas lahaa si ay u tagaan difaac. Weerarka ayaa la ganaaxay. Hawlgalka ayaa ku dhamaaday.

Marka qorshaha ayaa toogasho "Bagration", dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka guurtay mareysaa heer gabagaba ah. Ciidamada Soviet The gebi ahaanba la xoreeyay Belarus iyo hadda aysan awoodin in ay bilaabi a weerar cusub abaabulan ee Poland. Germany ayaa ku dhawaa inuu soo gaartay final. Sidaas Belarus dhamaaday dagaalkii Weyn. Qorshaha "Bagration" waxaa fuliyey in wakhtiga ugu gaaban suurogal. Belarus waxaa si tartiib ah ayuu naftiisa u yimid, si nolosha dadka rayidka soo laabtay. dalka soo gaartay shaqo Jarmal, laga yaabee in ka badan kasta oo Jamhuuriyadda kale ururka.