Qabsashada of Constantinople by ay Saliibiyiintu ka

In 1204, dunida Dr Makumbe baa gariirtay by qabashada Constantinople by ay Saliibiyiintu ka. ciidanka dhulgoosadka Western u tageen inay bariga, ee raba inay niyad Muslimiinta Yeruusaalem, iyo ugu danbeyn lagu qabtay caasimadda ah ee Byzantine Empire Christian ah. Knights xaq darro loo arag oo naxariis daro oo waxay dhaceen xoolo magaalada shiidaa halaagnay gobolka hore ee Giriigga.

In search of Yeruusaalem

durkin ee qabashada casriga ah ee Constantinople ee 1204 ka dhacay qaabka guud ee saliibi afaraad, taas oo uu soo abaabulay Pope Innocent III ah, iyo sidoo hogaaminayo dhulgoosadka Bonifatsiy Monferratsky. meel magaalada ahayd la ma qabsadeen Muslimiinta, taas oo ay muddo dheer feuded Byzantine Empire, iyo Knights galbeedka. Maxaa ka dhigay inay weeraraan Magaalooyinka ah Dr Makumbe Christian? Xataa dhamaadka qarnigii XI ay Saliibiyiintu ugu horeysay u tageen inay East iyo Carabtu ka guulaystay magaalada quduuska ah ee Yeruusaalem. Waayo, tobanaan, in Palestine waxaa jiray boqortooyada Catholic, in bartey gacan saar la leeyihiin Empire ee Byzantine.

In 1187, Zaman this waa la soo dhaafay. Muslimiinta Yeruusaalem inay fashiliyeen. In galbeedka Europe, abaabulan Saddexaad saliibi ah (1189-1192), laakiin waxa ay ku dhamaadeen guul darro. guuldaradii kama ay jebin Nasaarada. Pope Innocent III kor u qaadeen ururka of saliibi cusub afaraad, taas oo ka leexatay in lagugu xiro iyo qabashada Constantinople by Saliibiyiintu ka ee 1204.

Markii hore, Knights ku socdeen si aad u hesho in ay Land Quduuska ah iyada oo badda Mediterranean. Noqo ee Palestine, intay rabeen iyadoo la kaashanayo maraakiibta Venice, kaas oo heshiis hordhac ah la saxiixay waxaa la. In magaalada Talyaani iyo caasimadda ah ee Jamhuuriyadda baayacmushtariga madax banaan yimid ciidanka 12000th, oo ka kooban inta badan askar Faransiis. Venice markaas xeerarka oo ka mid ah dadka da'da ah oo indha la 'Doge Enrico Dandolo. In kasta oo uu tabar jireed, wuxuu maanka ku hayeen intriganskim iyo xisaabinta qabow. Sida lacagta Maraakiibta iyo qalabka Doge dalbaday in ay Saliibiyiintu ka tirinnay mid aad u culus - 20 kun oo tan oo lacag ah. Faransiis The lahaa wadarta lahayn sida, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in xilli ciyaareedka soo afjartay yaabaa hor u bilaabay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Dandolo Eebase ma ay eryin dadkii ay Saliibiyiintu ka. Waxa uu soo jeediyay in ciidanka uu doonayay heshiis loo arag dagaal.

qorshe cusub

Shaki kuma jiro in qabashada Constantinople by Saliibiyiintu ka ee 1204 ma ku dhacay haddii aan for kala qeybsanaan u dhaxeysa Empire Byzantine iyo Venice. Laba awoodaha Mediterranean ku dooday in ka badan Xukunka badda iyo siyaasadeed ee gobolka. burinaya ee u dhexeeya baayacmushtariyadii Talyaani iyo Greek ma laga yaabaa in la nabad ah lagu xalin - si ay u dhinto gunti this jir waayeen kaliya dagaal oo baaxad weyn. Venice marnaba hantiyeen ciidan faro badan, laakiin waxa laga saaray by siyaasiyiinta lagu daabacay, kaas oo u suurtagashay in ay ka faa'iidaystaan gacmaha qof kale ee ay Saliibiyiintu ka.

First Enrico Dandolo soo jeediyay weerarkii Western Knights iska Hungary ee Adriya hore ee Zadar. In beddelkeeda caawiyo Doge ballanqaaday inuu qaado askarta soo gudbaan dhinaca Falastiin. Barashada ku saabsan heshiiska ku dhiirato, Pope Innocent III mamnuucay Maarso iyo hanjabay ogsoonaa caasi.

Fikrado soo jeedina aysan ku caawin. Inta badan amiirradii oo isku raacay in shuruudaha Jamhuuriyadda, inkastoo ay jiraan kuwa diiday inay hubka ka dhanka ah dadka Masiixiyiinta ah ee qaado (tusaale ahaan, Tiri Simon De Montfort, oo markii danbe keentay saliibiyiinta kasoo horjeeda Albigenses ah). In 1202, ka dib markii weerar ku daatay Knights ciidanka qabsaday Zadar. Waxay ahayd tababarasho ah, ka danbeeya kaas oo uu soo raacay by a sii badan muhiim ah in la qaado Constantinople. Ka dib markii Woyanaha ayaa ah in Zadar Innocent III kooban ka Church of ay Saliibiyiintu ka, laakiin sababo siyaasadeed excommunicated ugu dhakhsaha badan ayuu isqoomameeyey, oo kaliya inkaarnaado Venetians ah. ciidanka Christian diyaar u ah inuu dib u socdaa.

scores jir

Abaabulka xilli ciyaareedka soo socda, Innocent III isku dayay si aad u hesho by gooyo Byzantine, ma aha oo kaliya si ay u taageeraan ololaha, laakiin sidoo kale Midowga Kaniisadda. The Church of Rome ayaa muddo dheer isku dayay inuu hoosaysiiyo Giriigga, laakiin marar badan dadaalkaasi ku dhamaatay waxba. Halkan iyo hadda in Byzantium tagay ururka la Latins ah. Dhammaan sababaha dhacay qabsashadii of Constantinople by ay Saliibiyiintu ka, ee baadari iyo colaadda gooyo waxa uu noqday mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu muhimsan iyo qeexaya.

Ku dhaco iyo damac ah Knights Western. Amiirradii dhulgoosadka, kuwaas oo u tegey on olole u suurtagashay in ay u guban dhac rabitaanka cuntada aad ku Zadar oo haatan doonaya in ay ku soo celiyaan jaha ugaadhsiga durba caasimadda ah ee Empire Byzantine ah - mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu taajirsan ee qarniyadii dhexe. Warkii ku saabsan oo maalkiisa, cuskaday ilaa qarniyo, shiday dulun iyo damaaciga boobaya mustaqbalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, loo baahan yahay sharaxaad fikradeed, taas oo soo bandhigaan lahaa Yurub iftiinka saxda ah weerar lagu qaaday boqortooyadiisa ka. Ma aha raagay. Mustaqbalka qabashada Constantinople saliibiyiinta sharxay by xaqiiqada ah in Byzantium, ma aha oo kaliya ma iyaga caawin in dagaalka ka dhanka ah Muslimiinta, laakiin sidoo kale soo gabagabeeyay waxyeello u gaadhay boqortooyooyinkii Catholic ee isbahaysiyada Palestine Turks Seljuk ah.

Doodda ugu weyn ee dagaal oogayaasha ahaa xusuusin ah oo ka mid ah "Xasuuqa of Latins ah." Under horyaalka this saffarro xusuustay dilkii ballaaran ee Franks ee Constantinople ee 1182. The markaas Emperor Alexius II Comnenus ilmo aad u yar, halkii xeerarka kuwaas oo Ninkaas hooyadiis Maria of Antiyokh. Waxay ahayd walaashiis of mid ka mid ah amiirradii Catholic ee Palestine, sababta oo ah waxa Yurub Western patronized iyo dulmay sharciga Greek. dadka deegaanka mutinied iyo boobay ee meelood shisheeye. kun lagu dilay ee reer Yurub, oo cadho ugu cabsida badan oo dadkii badnaa ku weeraray Pisans iyo Genoese. badbaaday badan oo ka mid ah dadka ajnabiga ah xasuuqii lagu iibiyey addoonsiga isagoo u ah Muslimiinta. On dhacdo this of xasuuqii of Latins ee West soo xusuusan, iyo labaatan sano ka dib, iyo, dabcan, ay xusuustaasi aan hagaagay xiriirka Empire iyo Saliibiyiinta ah.

Firin carshiga

Macna ma laha inta xoog ma ahaa Kahataan waxaa of Catholics in Empire Byzantine ah, waxa aan ahaa ku filan si ay u qabtay a of Constantinople. Years iyo boqortooyadiisa oo dhan qarniyo waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay Christian in bari qalcaddii la soo dhaafay, ilaalinta nabadda Europe, ka hor inta noocyo kala duwan oo hanjabaad, oo ay ku jiraan Seljuk Turkiga iyo Carabta. Weerari Byzantium loogu tala galay in ka hor limaankiisa, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in Church ee Giriigga waxaa gooni Rome ka.

Qabsashada of Constantinople by Saliibiyiintu ka ee natiijada ay sabab u ahayd isku-dar ah xaalado dhowr ah. In 1203, wax yar ka dib joonyaddiisii ee Zadar, amiirradii reer galbeedka iyo dacwo ugu danbeyn helay marmarsiiyo si ay u weeraraan boqortooyadiisa ka. Sababta duulaankii ahaa codsiga gargaar Alexei Angela, ina ku dejiyey Emperor Isxaaq II. Aabihiis waxaa ku rafaadaya oo xabsi ah, iyo dhaxalka uu marayo Europe wareegi jireen, isku dayaya inuu qanciyo Catholics in uu carshiga xaqa ku noqon.

In 1203, Alex danjirayaasha ajnabiga jasiiradda of Corfu la kulmay, iyo wuxuu iyagii axdi kula caawimaad. In beddelkeeda soo celinta qiimaha awood u ballanqaaday ah Knights abaalmarin la taaban karo. Sida ka leexatay, in heshiiskan uu noqday block a lagu turunturoodo, maxaa yeelay, kuwaas oo ahaa markaas yaabay qabashada dunida ka mid ah Constantinople ee 1204.

aamin qalcad

Isaac II Angelos lagu afgembiyey ee 1195 walaalkiis Alexis III. Waa Emperor this isku dhaceen baadari ka badan arrinta keenista ee kaniisadaha iyo lahaa muranka badan oo baayacmushtariyadii uguurtay. Isaga oo siddeed sano boqortooyada waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by hoos u tartiib ah Empire Byzantine ah. Wealth ee dalka waxaa loo kala qaybiyay aristocracy awood iyo dadka dareemay qanacsanayn sii kordhaysa oo xoog leh.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, markii bishii June 1203 si Constantinople ay Saliibiyiintu ka raxan iyo Venetians u yimid, dadka weli u kacay inuu ilaalinta maamulka. Caadiga ah Gariigba Naceen faran si la mid ah sida Latins ma jeclaan Gariigta ah naftooda. Sidaas darteed, dagaalka ay Saliibiyiintu iyo boqortooyadiisa la shiday ma aha oo kaliya kor ku xusan ka laakiin xagga hoose.

hareeraynta magaalada caasimadda ah ee Byzantine ahaa mid aad u khatar ah. Waayo, dhowr qarniyo ma qabta ciidan kasta, haddii Carabtu, Turkiga iyo Slavs. In taariikhda Ruush, waa dhacdo si fiican u yaqaan, marka in 907 waxaa qaadashada Oleg Constantinople. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii aad isticmaasho erayada adag, ka dibna qabtay ma Constantinople ma ahaa. amiirka Kiev magaalada heel hareereeyey, cabsi dadka deegaanka uu wefdigii weyn iyo maraakiibta ku giraangiraha, ka dibna Gariigta ah isku raaceen isaga la saabsan dunida. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ciidanka Ruush ma qabsadaan magaalada, ma waxaa loogu talagalay shaqayn dhac, laakiin keliya lacagaha qaansiin weyn. Astaanta A dagaalka waxay ahayd qaybtii ugu markii Oleg qodbay gaashaanka irdaha magaalada Byzantine in.

Ka dib markii saddex qarniyo, derbiyada Constantinople ahaayeen kuwa Saliibiyiinta ah. Ka hor weerarka magaalada, Knights ayaa diyaariyey qorshe faahfaahsan ee ay falsayeen. Its faa'iido weyn ee ay qabteen dagaal ay la boqortooyadiisa ka hor. In 1187 Byzantines ay u Venetians gabagabeeyay heshiis ah in la yareeyo ay raxan in rajada caawiyo Xulafada reer galbeedka ah haddii ay dhacdo colaad la Muslimiinta. Sababtan awgeed, oo ahaa qaadashada Constantinople by ay Saliibiyiintu ka. taariikhda saxiixa raxan ahaa dilaa ah ee magaalada. Ilaa hareeraynta of Constantinople markasta mahad baxsaday uu markabka u gaar ah, kaas oo hadda u dhibay ka dhiman.

markii la afgembiyey Alexei III

Iyadoo ku dhowaad iska caabin ah ma, doonniyaha uguurtay galay gacanka of Horn Golden ah. Ciidamada Knights degay meel u dhow xarunta madaxtooyada ee Blachernae in qayb ka mid ah waqooyi-galbeed ee magaalada. duufaanka A derbiyada ee qalcadda leh, ajaanibta qabsaday dhowr munaaradaha oo muhiim ah. On July 17, afar todobaad ka dib bilowgii gashaan hareeraynta ciidanka Alexei III casaanka ka. Emperor ayaa baxsaday oo ku qaatay inta kale ee maalmood oo uu musaafuris.

Isagoo xirnaa Isxaaq II ayaa la sii daayay oo ku amaanay sida taliyaha cusub. Si dhakhso ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, soo dhexgalay ee Isku-shaandhaynta siyaasadeed naftooda ay Saliibiyiintu ka. Waxay ahaayeen ku faraxsanayn natiijada castling - ciidanka ma helin lacag la ballan qaaday. Cadaadis ka amiirradii reer galbeedka (oo ay ku jiraan maamulayaasha ololaha Lyudovika De Blois iyo Boniface of Montferrat), taliyihii labaad ee Emperor ee Byzantine noqday ina Alexei, Alexei IV uguma magaca carshiga. Sidaas daraaddeed dalka muddo dhowr bilood ah, laba xoog.

Waxaa la og yahay in qabashada Constantinople by Turkiga ee 1453 calaamad u ahayd dhammaadkii tahay kun Sano oo taariikhda Byzantium. Qabsashada magaalada ee 1203rd ma ahaa sida musiibo, laakiin waxa uu ahaa waxa uu ahaa harbinger ka mid ah dib-u-dagaalan magaalada ee 1204, ka dib markii boqortooyadii Giriigga kaas oo muddo si fudud u tirtiray map siyaasadeed ee Europe iyo Asia.

mudaaharaadka in

Rogeen by ay Saliibiyiintu ka carshiga Alexei sida uu isku dayayaa laga yaabaa in ay ururiyaan lacagta loo baahan yahay in ay bixiso la shisheeyayaal. Marka ordo out of lacag meeshii khasnaddu tiil, wuxuu bilaabay inuu lacag baad ah oo baaxad weyn oo ka mid ah dadka caadiga ah. Xaaladda magaalada ayaa in ka badan oo ka sii kulul. Dadku waxay ahaayeen faraxsanayn boqorada iyo si cad u nebcaaday Latins. Saliibiyiinta ah, Dhanka kale, uma uu dayn agagaarka Constantinople muddo dhawr bilood ah. Marmar ay joogsan ciidamada caasimada, halkaas oo boobaya si cad u dhacay ee macbudyo hodan iyo dukaamada. Damac Latins shiday Xoolo loo arag: walxood oo qaali ah, maacuunta biraha qaali ah laga sameeyey, GEMS.

Bilowga ee 1204 badnaa ahaynba ee lahaanshada dalbaday in doorashada gooyo kale. II Isxaaq, ka cabsada afgembiyey, go'aansadeen in ay caawimaad weydiiso faran. Dadka bartay oo ku saabsan qorshaha dib qorshe taliyihii siiyey mid ka mid ah saraakiisha uu ku dhow Alexei Murzufl. Warka ku saabsan Isxaaq Qoom Khayaanadii u horseeday in fallaago ah oo waqti yar gudihiis. January 25, labada co-taliye (aabbihiis iyo ina) ayaa dejiyey. Alex IV isku dayeen in ay soo galaan kooxdiisa ay Saliibiyiintu ka madaxtooyada, balse waxaa la qabtay maxaabiis ahaan, iyo dilay ku saabsan amarada gooyo cusub Alexey Murzufla - Alexei V. Isxaaq, sida ku qoran qorna ah, ayaa ku dhintay dhowr maalmood tiiraanyo wiilka dhintay ka dib.

dayrta ee caasimada

Revolution ee Constantinople ay Saliibiyiintu ka qasbay in dib looga fikiro qorshayaashooda. Haddaba caasimadda ah ee Empire Byzantine ay gacanta ciidamada oo ay Latins aad u xun, taas oo loogu tala galay la joojiyo oo guri ammaan hore ee faa'iidooyinka ballan qaaday waxaa iska lahaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Knights ka baxeen muddo dheer ka hor heshiiska. In kaliya bilo yar, Yurub u suurtagashay in ay bartaan magaalada iyo maal ay cayinnayn. Haddaba ayan iyagu markaas bixin lahaa, iyo dhaca this.

In taariikhda qabashada Constantinople by Turkiga ee 1453, ka badan ayaa waxaa loo yaqaan dayrta ee caasimada Byzantine ee 1204, iyo musiibo dabadeed ku dhuftay boqortooyadiisa ee bilowgii qarnigii XIII ah, oo aan ka yarayn ahaa musiibo ah dadka deggan ay. Decoupling noqday lama huraan markii nay saliibiyiinta ka Venetians gabagabeeyay heshiis ku saabsan kala qeybinta dhulka Greek. Ujeedada asalka ah ee ololaha, dagaalka ka dhanka ah Muslimiinta ee Palestine, waxaa si ammaan ah illoobay.

In guga ee 1204 Latins bilaabeen abaabulka weerar ku saabsan qayb ka mid ah bay Golden Horn. wadaaddada Catholic yaboohay absolution inay Yurub ka qeyb qaadanaya weerarka, waxa uu ugu yeeray camal quduus ah. Ka hor inta aadan u yimid taariikhda ku khaas qabsashadii of Constantinople by Knights si taxadar leh ka buuxsamay moats derbiga hareerihiisa oo daafaca. April 9, waxay ka qarxay magaalada laga geli jiray, laakiin ka dib waqti dheer uu dagaal dib ugu xerada.

Weerarka ayaa ahaa dib u bilaabay saddex maalmood ka dib. April 12 hormuudkii ay Saliibiyiintu la isticmaalayo wiishash qaadeysaa fuusho derbiyada dhinacooda iyo kooxda kale, indinku ee qalcad ilaaliya. Xitaa dhacay laba iyo ka dib qarnigii qeybtii qaadashada Constantinople Osmans ha naqshadaha burburinta sida weyn sida ka dib markii la Latins dagaal. Sababta ahaa dab aad u weyn, oo waxay bilaabeen 12, oo la dilo saddex-meelood laba ka mid ah dhismayaasha magaalada.

qaybta Empire

caabin The ahaa Gariig fara ahayd la jebiyey. Alexey V cararay, oo Latins waxaa laga helay oo toogasho dhawr bilood ka dib. April 13 calaamadeeyay qabashada final of Constantinople. 1453 waxaa loo arkaa inay dhamaadka Empire Byzantine noqon, laakiin waxa ay ahayd in 1204 on ayaa dhaawac ugu dilaa ah taas oo horseeday in ballaarinta dheeraad ah ee soo taxnaa tan.

In weerar ku lug leh oo ku saabsan 20 kun oo ay Saliibiyiintu ka. Waxa ay ahayd in ka badan tiradaasi suubban la guutooyinkiisii of Avars, Slavs, Faaris iyo reer baadiyaha ah, kuwaas oo boqortooyadiisa ka muuqataa ka ugu weyn magaalada ayaa qarniyo badan marka la barbar dhigo. Laakiin waqtigaan la joogo, pendulum taariikhda ma Jamciyadda ay guushu ku Gariigta ah. Waajibka in la yidhaahdo xiisad dhaqaale, siyaasadeed iyo bulsho ee gobolka. Taasi waa sababta markii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda caasimadda ah ee Empire Byzantine ku dhacay wuxuu ahaa in 1204.

Qabsashada of Constantinople by ay Saliibiyiintu ka calaamadsan bilowgii marxalad cusub. The Byzantine Empire hore la tirtiray, iyo in ay meel Latin cusub. Its taliye ugu horeysay noqday saliibiyiinta Tiri ee Baldwin Flanders Waxaan, kuwaas oo doorashada ka dhacay caanka Hagia Sophia. gobolka cusub ayaa joogay ka kooban hore ee Kooxaha kala duwan. meelaha muhiimka ah ee mishiinka maamul qaaday madaxdii dhulgoosadka Faransiis.

Latin Empire dalka reer Byzantium oo dhan ma lahaa. Baldwin iyo qaraabada uu, caasimadda marka laga reebo, u baxay inuu Thrace, qayb weyn oo ka mid ah Greece iyo jasiiradaha Aegean. Hogaamiyaha ciidamada oo ka mid ah Afraad saliibi ah Bonifatsiy Monferratsky helay Talyaani Macedonia, Thessaly, iyo wiilkaagiiba cusub inuu boqortooyada boqor noqday kuwa loo yaqaan boqortooyada Fesalloniki ah. Ganacsiga Venetians u tageen inay Islands ee Ionian, Cyclades ah, iyo Adrianople xataa qayb ka mid ah Constantinople. All qaniimooyin ayaa loo doortay sida ay danahooda ganacsi. Bilowga xilli Enrico Doge ku Dandolo socday in la dhiso gacanta ganacsiga ee badda Mediterranean, in dhamaadka wuxuu u suurtagashay in ay gaaraan goolkiisii.

saamaynta

Celceliska mulkiilayaasha iyo Knights ka qayb qaatay ololaha, helay gobolka yar iyo tirada kale ee dalka. Dhab ahaantii, gelida Byzantium, Yurub Western beeray iyada caadiga ah nidaam dhulgoosadka. Tirada dadka Greek maxaliga ah hase ahaatee ay weli tahay isku mid. In labaatan sano oo kaliya dhowr ah, ay Saliibiyiintu ka taliyaan waxa ay ficil ahaan sidii uu rabay nolosha, dhaqanka iyo diinta waxba ka beddelin. Taasi waa sababta dalalka Latin on arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee Empire Byzantine ka socday qarniyada oo kaliya dhowr ah.

aristocracy Byzantine hore, kuwaas ma doonayaan in ay iskaashi la sameeyaan dawladda cusub, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay la dhiso ee Aasiyada Yar. On Jasiiradda, waxaa jira laba dalalka weyn - Trebizond iyo Nicaena Empire. Power iyaga in iska lahaa dhaxaysay qarniyadii Greek, oo ay ku jiraan dejiyey wax yar ka hor Byzantium Comnenus. Intaa waxaa dheer, in waqooyiga Empire Latin la aasaasay boqortooyada Bulgarian. Slavs xornimada Reconquered noqday madax xanuun aad u daran waayo, saraakiishii dhulgoosadka Yurub.

Latins awood meel kale iyaga iyo ma noqon raagaya. Sababtoo ah sannee badan iyo la'aanta xiisaha Europe si yimaddeen ee 1261, waxaa jiray qabashada kale ee Constantinople. Ilo Ruush iyo Western waqtiga go'an, Gariigta ah u suurtagashay in ay dib magaalada ay la shiidaa iska caabin ah ma. Empire Byzantine The bogsatay. In Constantinople, wuxuu ku dhisay guri ammaan Palaeologus. ku dhawaad laba boqol oo sano ka dib, in 1453 magaalada ahayd la qabtay Turkiga urub, ka dibna boqortooyadiisa ugu dambayntii wax la soo dhaafay.