Treaty of Nystad sabab u ah sanado badan ka ah dadaallada Petra Velikogo

Taariikhda dalkeena dhamaadka XVII - bilowgii qarnigii XVIII waa laga buuxiyay la dhacdooyin badan oo si toos ah saamayn Dabcan mustaqbalka ee horumarinta Russia ee. Personality of Peter weyn, uu tamarta, hawlaha nacas keentay in soo bixitaanka of state cusub, iyo Treaty of Nystad ahaa mid ka mid ah guulaha ugu waaweyn ee Zaman this.

"Loss Century"

Dhammaadkii qarnigii XVII Russia waxa ay aheyd dal baaxad weyn, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ay saameyn weyn ku yeelatay arrimaha oo dhan-yurub ma. Eedayn u adeegay sidii dhacdooyinka taariikhiga ah ee hore, oo tiiro taliyayaasha. Inta qarnigii this, dalka waxa ay soo martay isbedelka badan. Time of rabshado, faragelinta oo ka mid ah Commonwealth iyo Sweden, khasaaraha ka mid ah dalalkan galbeedka, kacdoonnadii, Perigee wuxuu ahaa dhirifka Stepana Razina. Sidaas darteed dhacdooyinka oo dhan, Russia badiyay helaan badda, kaas oo waxaa jiray ganacsiga firfircoon, oo ku jiray go'doon.

Intaa waxaa dheer, kaalin muhiim ah ka ciyaaray by xaqiiqada ah in taliyayaashii muddo this: Mikhail Fedorovich, Alexis, Theodore A., Ivan - ahaayeen in caafimaad darro iyo is khilaafeen fikirka gobolka. marka laga reebo in taxanahan ahayd Sophia Alekseevna.

Bilowgii wax weyn

Waxa ay ahayd muddo gaaban Ninkaas waayo, walaalihii yar - Ivan, kuwaas oo ahaa ay xikmad ah, iyo Peter, kuwaas oo aan ku talin karin iyaga u gaar ah by Samo falku carruurnimada. Marka waxay noqotay firfircoon siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda. Russia ayaa laba xilli Crimean, kuwaasi oo ay loogu talagalay in ay wiiqi Khanate, iyo, haddii ay suuragal tahay, inay dib u helaan Badda Madow. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, labada olole militari ayaa soo gabagabeysay aad u xun, waayo, Russia, kuwaas oo mid ka mid ah sababaha dayrta ee Sophia ahaa.

Peter, Dhanka kale, u muuqday in uu ku hawlan caruureed. Waxa uu abaabulay kulan dagaalka, xeeladaha waxbarashada, tuulada Kolomenskoye baddii ku ah weelasha yar ayaa la dhisay, oo kibir lagu magacaabo Peter Fleet. Sida ay weynaadaan ay tahay si cad u fahamsan yahay in Russia si fudud waa in ay helaan maraakiibta badaha diiran. In fikrad this uu la sii xoojin adigoo booqanaya ah Badda White oo Mikaa'iil - mid ka mid ah dekedda baraf-free HOR Russia.

Exploration oo kaashanaya Europe

Dagaalka u dhexeeya Butros iyo Sophia waxaa ku guuleysatay hore. Tan iyo 1689, wuxuu awood u in gacmahooda oo dhan. Markaasaa boqorkii wuxuu ku jiray dhibaato taas oo badda - Badda Madow ama bari - in ay isku dayaan in ay ka baxaan. In 1695 iyo 1696, ayuu wuxuu goostay inuu sahamiyo ciidamada dagaalka ku soo horjeeda dalkeena ku yaalla koonfurta. ololaha Azov ayaa muujiyay in ciidamada Ruush heli xaqiiqadii ma ku filan in ay ka gudbaan urub ee Empire awood iyo wiilkaagiiba aamin - Krymskoe Hanstvo.

Peter quusanina sameeyey, oo waxay u jeediyeen inuu fiiro gaar ah u woqooyi ka, si ay badda bari. Halkan heysatay Sweden, si kastaba ha ahaatee, si ay u galaan dagaal kula mid ka mid ah dalalka Yurub taasoo keentay of time in aan sokeeye waxaa is disho, si muddada 1697-1698 sano. King abaabulay safaaradda Grand si Europe. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan uu booqday dalalka ugu horumarsan qaarada Afrika ee, Yeedha khubaro ganacsiga military, injineernimada iyo Dhismaha maraakiibta ee Russia ka. Jidka, diblomaasiyiinta aqoonsan dheelitirka awoodda ee Europe. Waqtigaa horyaalka yaynana kolna of Succession Spain, iyo xagga woqooyi ee Europe danta yar awoodaha weyn.

Treaty of Nystad ee 1721: ilo guul

Ka faa'iidaysanaya this, safaaradda gabagabeeyay tiro ka mid ah heshiis la Poland, Saxony iyo Denmark. Isbahaysiga Tani waxa ay ahayd in taariikhda magaca Alliance Northern oo la loogu talagalay si ay u wiiqaan Lagaga ee Sweden ee gobolka bari. War bilaabmaa 1700.

Markaasaa boqorkii wuxuu ku Swedish ayaa dhakhso oo go'aan leh u dhaqmeen. Isla sanadkaas ciidamada Swedish degay dhow Copenhagen iyo weeraro xoog badan lagu qasbay boqorkii deenishka in la soo gabagabeyn nabad ah. dhibbanaha xiga Carl tobnaad doortay Russia. Sidaas darteed amarka maqaamkeeda gayin iyo xaalado kale oo ka mid ah ciidamada dalka Ruushka ayaa guuldarro burburiyo at Narva. Markaasaa boqorkii wuxuu ku Swedish go'aansaday in Peter ma aha horjeeda, oo diiradda howlgallada military ee Saxony, halkaas oo uu ka ahaa guul 1706.

Peter, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma waxaan gelayaa quusan. Fast, tallaabooyin firfircoon ayuu abuuraa, dhaqan, ciidan cusub oo ku salaysan qasabka ah, iyo ficil cusboonaysiiyay park madaafiic. tegey barbar socda dhismaha raxan ah. Ka dib markii 1706 Russia ahaa dagaal kula Sweden oo keliya. Markaasaa boqorkii dalka tallaabooyinka firfircoon iminka natiijooyin. Tartiib tartiib ah hindisaha iyo Fadilmo in ka badan in ay ciidamada Ruushka, kaas oo la guul ee Battle of Poltava, taas oo keentay in final ah in wixii la soo gabagabeeyey Treaty of Nystad la Sweden.

Russia ayaa noqonaya boqortooyadiisa ah

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dagaalka sii 12 sano oo kale, in ay guul on dalka Ruush badda ku daray Victoria. dagaal Gangut ee 1714 iyo 1720 Grengamskoe xididaysan doorka xukuma of raxan Ruushka xeebta bari. In view of faa'iidooyinka muuqata Dowladda Swedish Ruush ayaa codsaday xabad joojin ah. Treaty of Nystad la saxiixay dhawr bilood ka dib, waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay guul buuxda dalkeena.

Yaabeen, Britain iyo France waa la laayay by xaqiiqada ah in, iyagoo ku hawlan arrimaha Isbaanish, la aasaasay sida ciidan awood iyo xoog siyaasadeed oo bari ee qaarada. Laakiin waxaa ku qasbay in ay ku heshiiyaan. Terms of the Treaty of Nystad filayo isbedel ee xuduudaha u dhexeeya labada dal. Waayo, Russia gayiga hantida tegey weligeed Livonia, Estonia, Ingria, iyo sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah gobollada Karelia. Waayo, dalalka Russia aqbaleen inay bixiso lacag magdhow ah in Sweden ee qadarka of 2 million rubles, iyo inuu ku soo laabto Finland. Peter Senate naadiyey boqor, iyo Russia - boqortooyadiisa. Laga soo bilaabo tan our state ayaa noqonaya mid ka mid ah waddammada - vershitelnits qaddar ee Europe iyo dunida.