The taxadiri fiican naqshadda ee St. Petersburg, liiska, sharaxaad, sawir

hadal fiican ee dhismaha - taxadiri naqshadda ee St. Petersburg ee feature gaar ah ee xarunta magaalada taariikhiga ah, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in ay ahayd caasimada dhallinyarada ah ee dunida. Distinguished St. Petersburg waxaa wanaagsan looga fakaray dhismaha guud ee caadiga ah, dheellitirnaanta cajiib ah oo dhan ensembles magaalooyinka iyo wada noolaanshaha in polyphony style ee view of deegaanka dabiiciga ah mid aad u yar-furaha. Run ahaantii in, iyo qiimo leh dunida ee farshaxanka iyo naqshadda taxadiri St. Petersburg.

Hababka oo sayidkaagii

Dhismayaasha magaalada sida ugu badan shan iyo toban Hababka naqshadda kala duwan, ugu muhiimsan ee la odhan karaa baroque - Butros iyo Elizabeth, Classicism, Empire, dhowba, casriga ah iyo constructivism. Baroque Talyaani - waqtiga ubax ee absolutism - ka 16 ilaa 18 qarni. Halkan ku guulaysan curvilinear adag, dhaqdhaqaaqa, Oo quruxda iyo quirkiness. taxadiri Architectural ee St. Petersburg waa style waa mid aad u dabacsan.

Si Peter naqshadaha ee Russia loo yaqaan "nidaamyada Ruush ah" bixitaankii oo inta badan la xeerkii Byzantine in dhismaha macbudka. baroque Ruush - midowga labadan Hababka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Moscow iyo baroque Butros ku kala duwan yihiin ma aha oo kaliya ka soo midba midka kale, laakiin sidoo kale ilaa xad ka weyn - ka Western Europe. Haddii aan is barbar dhig ku taxadiri naqshadda ee St. Petersburg ee Petrovsky Epoch bartamaha magaalada wax qadiimiga Talyaani ama Faransiis, waxaad shakhsi ahaan loo xaqiijiyo karaa this.

baroque Butros

Tsar Peter ahaanshaha in ay ugu yeedhi injineero ka West ah, iyo natiijada ka soo co-abuurka-Dutch Talyaani-Faransiis German-of this ifafaale kacay style St. Petersburg. Waxay ahayd Northern War Great, dhismayaasha la deggan yahay ayaa la dhisay dhowaad hagaajiyo, qoryo gebi cooshado si deg deg ah.

Laakiin xitaa ka dibna waxaa jiray dhismayaasha yaqaan saffarro: deked markab ah, dekedda, qalcaddii - la naqshadaha fudud, qabiirada, joojiyey oo buuxa abuuray sarkhaansan muhiim ah oo ka mid ah dalka Holland iyo Jarmalka.

Qotontay, balbaladood iyo colonnades ma ahaayeen, laakiin guriyo inta badan ahaayeen pediments, volutes, pilasters, iyo saqafka - spiers in nuuxnuuxsaday oo dhan tilmaamaha joog iyo jiif. Inside dhismaha waxaa inta badan la qorsheeyay la Suite ah. Xataa markaas, dhismayaasha ayaa la qalabeeyay musqulaha biyaha oo biyo socda.

tusaalooyin

Macbudka iyo naqshadaha qalcado oo fudud, laakiin munaaraddii dawan qatarsanaa ee Peter iyo Paul Cathedral, kaniisadda Saint Panteleimon, Peter iyo Paul Fortress ay Peter Gate, Summer Palace ee Peter the Great, Menshikov Palace, Laba iyo toban Collegia, Kikin Chamber of curiosities, Alexander Nevsky Lavra, madaxtooyada Talyaani ee Kronstadt . The injineero waqtiga: MG Zemtsov, Domenico Trezzini, A. Schluter, JB Leblon, G. Mattarnovi, JM Fontana.

Elizaveta Petrovna

gabadhii Petra Velikogo ahaa ka fog aabbihiis hamiga dhismaha, laakiin dhan of iyada Zaman si aad u dalbato fikradaha of Baroque reer galbeedka Yurub in ay qaab ka sii daahirsanaan, maxaa yeelay, boqortooyadii waxay gacanta ku hoos yiil quruxda gaajaysan, weynaanteedana iyo waynaanta. taxadiri Architectural ee St. Petersburg ee qarnigii 18aad inta badan si cad sifaha style guud ee magaalada. Ka taagay meel ballaadhan cathedrals, macbudyo, Qolol, daaraha waaweyn - oo dhan farshaxankiisa more madaxtooyada oo caag ah, la jaranjarooyinka ballaaran gudaha, iyadoo labo heerarka daaqadaha iyo qol ka mid ah qolalka.

The gudaha waqtiga ahaayeen fantastik ah whimsical, iyadoo tiro badan oo farshaxan, xardhay sharraxdid la Gogosha gooye iyo muraayadaha. Xoojiyeen midabada baroque weheliso qobays amar. Waxa uu dib u bilaabay dhismaha kaniisadaha shan domed, soo laabtay xeerkii xardhay iconostasis sharraxnaan jirtay iyo decoration macbudka Ruush ah Buzadag Byzantine. Haddaba martida ku biiri kartaa Muuqda ee style, kaas oo lagu kaydiyo laguna taxadiri naqshadda ee St. Petersburg.

Si kooban oo ku saabsan sayid iyo dhismayaasha

Tani Zaman ee taajajkii, dabcan, Rastrelli, laakiin ay garab iyo FS shaqeeyay Argun, iyo SI Chevakinsky iyo AV Kvass iyo P. Trezzini iyo AF Whist. Labaatan sano ka hor 1760 Anichkov la dhisay ee Stroganov iyo Vorontsov baroque Elizabethan daaraheeda waaweyn, Smolny Cathedral, Catherine Palace ee Tsarskoye Selo, Palace Winter iyo Peterhof weyn, Naval Cathedral iyo wax ka badan.

Ekaterina Velikaya

The labaatan sano ee soo socda, dhismaha St. Petersburg hoos calaamada absolutism iftiimiyey iyo style ee classicism hore ku daray. Dhismayaasha la helay harmonically amartay, horumarinta tartiib ah xog iyo waynaanta waqti isku mid ah - sida dalka u ballaadhan yahay kaarka ganacsi.

Astaamaha - amarka qadiimiga ah, monumentality, xakamaynta, wax walba waa la hayaa in a dhismayaasha classical-style of taxadiri naqshadda ee St. Petersburg. description Photo kaa caawin doona kala classicism hore ee kala duwan ay kale.

Dhismayaasha in style ee classicism hore

Maamulka Dhismaha RGPU hadda on Moika - qasriga hore ee Tirinta Razumovsky, kii dhisay AF ah Kokorinov iyo JB Vallin de la Mothe, wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah dhismaha hore-classical-style ugu horeysay. Its naqshadaha waa cunsur la arki karo ee Korintos iyo Madbacada qaranka amar, reliefs, Arcade, laakiin saamaynta Baroque u sii ogaan karo. yard Front la irdaha taariikhi iyo xayndaabka sare ku nuuxnuuxsaday, iid ee dhismaha.

taxadiri Architectural ee St. Petersburg, taas oo ah liis aad u dheer oo hadiyado iyo curiyay kale oo ka mid ah fanaaniinta tayo leh. Waxaa Repin Institute on qararka Jaamacadda, 17, iyo ka hor waxaa jiray Academy Imperial ee Fine Arts, dhismaha St. Petersburg State University ee biyaha hortooda ah, 9, horaantii - kiiska kulamada kubada; Yusupov Palace. Vallin de la Mothe taagay laadaan Garden iyo North Pavilion ee Hermitage Yar. Yuri Felten, ardayga Rastrelli dhisay dugsi loogu talagalay gabdhaha reer Falastiin, Large Hermitage, Church Armenian ah, Church Lutheran ku Vasilyevsky Island iyo kiniisadda St. Anne on Kirochnaya, 8.

classicism adag

Gebi ahaanba ka maran qaababka dhismayaasha Baroque dhisay ka dib 1780, sidoo kale waxay ka tirsan yihiin classicism Catherine. Waxay si adag u raacaan amarada classical of Vitruvius iyo Palladio - Layouts symmetrical qaab, isticmaalka faraha-badan ee dukaanka, colonnades, pediments, balbaladood. gudaha waxaa lagu qurxiyey nuqulo ka mid farshaxan qadiim ah iyo xubno badan oo ka mid ilbaxnimo ee qadiimiga ah.

horyaal ee ugu style St. Petersburg noqday Cameron, waqti isku mid ah shaqeeyay VI Bazhenov, D. Kvarnegi, IE An jir ah, NA Lions. shuqulladoodu - noolaanshaha iyo dhammaystirka compositional, conciseness iyo foomamka saamigal. Tusaale ahaan A duwanyihiin - Palace Tauride ah.

Pavlovsky classicism

Tani waxay muddo shan sanno ah ilaa 1801 bandhigaysaa version yar ka taataabtay ee naqshadaha classicist, kaas oo si cad u saameeyay qaab Gothic. Tani waxay ugu horrayn waa Chesme Palace dhise YM Felten - qaab xagalka ah waxyaabaha Gothic oo ah qaab ka dhisteen, daaqadaha dalooliso baxbaxsan iyo parapets.

taxadiri Architectural ee St. Petersburg, aamusa oo noocyada Yurub koonfurta Mikhailovsky Castle, halkaas oo classicism saafiga ah - waa guriyo u muhiimsan iyo koonfureed ee gudaha. Castle Colnimo u muuqataa, geesinimada, cornices culus waqooyiga tolnimo garabaka knightly koofiyado bir ah.

Alexander ayaa classicism

horreeyay ee Empire Ruushka noqday classicism Alexander ee, kaas oo inta badan lagu tilmaamay style Empire ah. Alexander I ayaa sidoo kale inta badan lagu casuumay injineero shisheeye ah, gaar ahaan Faransiis ah.

Sidaa darteed, dhismaha ee xilligan kala saaro amar Doric ama Tuscan adag iyo tiirar culus. Muuqan sphinxes iyo xubno kale oo ka mid ah naqshadaha nooleenta dalka Masar. khadadka adag badbaadiyey, haybad, images taariikhi la halleeyo lillaahinimada iyo Hufnaan of dushana ka.

Tusaalooyinka Empire ugu horeysay gariiradda

In style this of St. Petersburg taxadiri naqshadda wakiil dhismaha Institute Macdanta ku Vasilyevsky Island, laga sameeyey sawiro A. Vorohnina. Flutes on column ah Doric gaar ahaan si fiican si loo muujiyo qaab la mid ah kuwo macbudyo dhaca qadiimiga ah, Sidaana kastaba Antaeus, Hercules iyo Proserpina joogaan halkaas.

Xitaa more caanka shuqullada sayidkiisa this - Kazan Cathedral. Emperor Paul, kuwaas waxaa loogu tala galay, doonayay inuu ku soo celiyo ee Vatican ee St. Peter ee, oo si faahfaahsan qaar ka mid ah la mid ah ayaa loo arki karaa: in design guud, a qubbad dhexe oo awood badan, in Basilica ee elongated iyo maqnaanshaha ku jiray munaaraddii jalaska. Anyway, waa decoration dhab ah Nevsky Prospekt.

classicism High (Marxuum)

In ka badan wax style this shaqeeyay Tom de Thomon: dhismaha Tiyaatarka Bolshoi ah (nasiib daro, waxaa weli aan si buuxda), guriga Countess Laval adag suuqa cusub oo ku candhuufo of Vasilyevsky Island (columns rostral, sidoo kale). Waxaad hubsan kartaa in ay si ballaaran waxaa kullan columns ku daray in ay meesha bannaan ee dhismaha Stock Exchange iyo iswaafajinaysaa la kooban Nevsky Prostor. Iyo dhismaha ka soo hadha, iyo column rostral qurxiyey farshaxan Ta'wiil.

Isla mar ahaantaana kor u qaaday ee sharafta leh dhismaha Admiralty ah - calaamad ah ee magaalada on River Neva ah - AD naqshadeeyaha ugu Zakharov. Waxaa la dhamaystiray dhismaha hore, taas oo ahayd kaliya ay qeyb ka dhexe ee naqshadeeyaha ugu Jestkii caanka IK Korobov. Guriyo u hesho kala duwan, laakiin aad jiibta sabab u balbaladood ridday iyo tiirar Tuscan (jidka ag fadhida, oo ku saabsan xarunta of column iyo hadhay Madbacada qaranka). Sidan buu damacsan galidoonaan oo ka mid ah Golaha Guurtida, iyo St. Isxaaq Palace Square iyo Alexander Jannada. Isla mar ahaantaana, naqshadeeyaha ugu Quarenghi dhisay Institute Smolny - sidoo kale in style sare classical.

Empire Ruush

Calaamadaha Empire Ruushka - Ixtifaalka of badiyeen Bonaparte: nidaamka si heer sare ah oo qeexan isla muuqan columns xusuus, meelaha dedan triumphal, naqshadaha daro farshaxan iyo aad u badan, dhismayaasha qurxiyey ayaa gorgorraduna, ubaxyo Laurel, oo hubkiisa iyo calaamad kale oo milatari.

The sayidkooda ugu caansan ee jihada this - xigeenka Stas iyo Ki Rossi. dambe waxaa aad u geesinimo bedelay bannaan ee magaalooyinka, isagoo ka dhisay Square Palace kula dhismaha Shaqaalaha Guud, Senate Square la Synod iyo aagga tiyaatarka Senate, Alexandrinsky. taxadiri Architectural ee St. Petersburg soo bandhigi doonaan sawir aad uga wanaagsan sharaxaad kasta. The more sidaas sababta oo ah tiro aad u weyn waa suurtogal aheyn in lagu qeexo in meel bannaan oo ka mid ah article gaaban.