The dagaalka Maraykanka iyo Japan: sano ah, sababaha lumis

Bishii August 1945 qaraxyo laba bambooyin qaaradda magaalooyinka dalka Hiroshima iyo Nagasaki dhamaaday dagaalka ka socday 4 sano ee Pacific, ka soo horjeeda ugu weyn waxa ay ahaayeen America iyo Japan. iska hor imaad ka mid ah kuwan laba awoodaha uu noqday qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka oo saameyn muhiim ah oo ku saabsan natiijada. Isla mar ahaantaana, iyo maanta dheelitirka awoodda ee saaxadda caalamka inta badan waa natiijo ah oo kuwa dhacdooyinka qadiimiga ah.

Maxaa sababay dabka ee Pacific

Sababta Maraykanka iyo Japan dagaalka been in khilaafka u dhexeeya dalalkaas, xumaynaya 1941, iyo Tokyo ee isku day ah in ay u xalliyaan hab military. khilaaf ugu weyn ee u dhexeeya xoogagga dunida awood waajibo ku saabsan arrimaha la xiriira Shiinaha iyo soohdinta reer Faransiis Indochina - ka gumeysi hore ee Faransiiska.

Diiday soo jeedin by cilmiga dawladda Maraykanka ee "albaabada u furan", Japan ayaa waxay dooneen in ay dhamaystiran gacanta dalalkaas, iyo sidoo kale ay ka hor qabsadeen dhul Manchuria. Maaddaama ay ku dheganaanta ah ee Tokyo ee arrimahan laga sameeyay wada Washington u dhexeeya labada dal aan iminka natiijooyin wax.

Laakiin sheegashada, kuwaas oo aan ku xaddidnayn Japan. Tokyo, ka fiirsaneysa Mareykanka, Britain iyo awoodaha kale ee ay xafiiltamaan gumeysiga, dhammaan ciidamada ku dayaya in ay iyaga oo fariisin ka Badaha koonfurta iyo koonfur bari Asia, duuban, sidaas oo kale ayaa ilaha cuntada iyo alaabta ceeriin, in dhulkooda. Goortaas waxay ahayd abbaaraha 78% wax soo saarka caag caalamiga ah waxaa loo sameeyey goobahaas, 90% iyo qasacad, iyo khasnadihii kale oo badan.

Bilowgii khilaafka

By bilowgii July 1941 ciidanka Japan, inkastoo dibad ka imaanaya dowladaha reer America iyo Britain, waxa uu ku fuliyay qabashada ee qaybta koonfureed ee Indochina, oo waqti gaaban ka dib, soo socda kor u dhow Filibiin, Singapore, East Dutch ee la iyo ala. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo America this ayaa lagu soo rogay ganaax ah oo ku saabsan dejinta galay Japan dhammaan qalabka istaraatiijiga ah iyo waqti isku mid ah u noqon in qararkiisa oo la qaboojiyey hantida Japan. Sayidka, ugu dhakhsaha badan ka qarxay dagaal u dhexeeya Japan iyo Maraykanka ahaa natiijo ka timid khilaafka siyaasadeed in America ayaa isku dayaya inuu xaliyo ku cunaqabatayn dhaqaale.

Waa in la ogaadaa in hamiga military ee Tokyo kordhiyay ilaa go'aan ku saabsan qabashada dhulka Midowga Soofiyeeti. Tani waxa ay ahayd bishii July 1941 at shirka Imperial, ayaa sheegay in Wasiirka War, Japan Tojo. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, waajibka ku ah inay dagaal u bixi si ay u baabbi'in Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo qaadashada gacan ku hayntii khayraadka ay hodan dabiiciga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqtiga qorshayaashaas si cad u ahaayeen aysan suuragal la'aan xoog, bulk of taas oo waxaa loo diray si ay ula dagaalamaan ee Shiinaha.

Dhibaatada Pearl Harbor

Maraykanka iyo Japan bilaabay dagaalka kula weerar awood on salka American ciidamada badda ee Pearl Harbor sababay in diyaaradaha la Maraakiibta wadajir ah oo raxan Japan, amray by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. Waxaa dhacay on December 7, 1941.

salka American ayaa waxaa fuliyay laba weerar cirka ah, ka qayb by 353 diyaaradaha, ka xambaara dayuuradaha 6 wuxuu iska soo bixiyey. Natiijada weerarkan, guusha kaas oo inta badan ahaa natiijadeeda la a yaab, sidaas ahaa Xudhama in reebtay qayb weyn ee Navy Maraykanka oo daacad ahaa musiibo qaran.

In waqtiga diyaaradaha cadowga gaaban ah si toos ah ugu kaabadood 4 dagaalka badda ee Maraykanka ugu awooda badan waxaa lagu halligay, kuwaas oo 2 kaliya dhib weyn u suurtagashay in ay soo kabsadaan ka dib markii dagaalka. More 4 markab oo ah nooca this soo gaaray dhaawac halis ah, waxaana la joogto ah naafo.

Intaas waxaa sii dheer, ay ku dheceen ama si xun u burburay 3 baabbi'inaya, Cruiser 3 iyo hal lakab anigaa iska leh. Sidaas darteed of duqeymo cadowga Maraykanka ayaa sidoo kale laga badiyay 270 diyaaradood taagan xilligan on aerodrome xeebeed oo ku tu sideyaasha diyaaradaha. On top of this waxaa lagu halligay toorbiidyo iyo shidaalka taangiyada, Piers, dayactirka yard iyo warshad koronto.

Laakiin masiibada ugu weyn ee ahaa khasaare weyn ee shaqaalaha. Sidaas darteed, weerar hawada Japanese dilay 2.404 aadanaha iyo 11.779 dhaawacmeen. Ka dib markii in, ay dhacdooyin aad u waaweyn ee Mareykanka ay ku dhawaaqday inay dagaal ku Japan oo rasmi ah ugu biiray isbahaysiga anti-Hitler.

horay dheeraad ah oo ciidamada Japan

Dhibaatada ugu Pearl Harbor, hoos u keenay oo qayb weyn oo ka mid ah ciidamada badda ee Maraykanka, iyo sida maraakiibta Britain, Australia iyo Holland aan ka dhigi karin ilaa ay ciidamada badda ee tartan dhab ah Japan, iyadu heshay Fadilmo ku meel gaar ah ee Pacific. colaad dheeraad ah Tokyo keentay xulufada la Thailand, heshiis military oo la saxiixay bishii December 1941.

Maraykanka iyo Japan, dagaalka helay hawl-wadeeno oo uu keenay dhibaato badan bilowga dowladda ee Roosevelt. Tan iyo markii 25 December, dadaalka wadajirka ah ee Japan iyo Thailand maareeyey si loo xakameeyo iska caabin ah oo ka mid ah ciidamada British ee Hong Kong, iyo Maraykanka ayaa lagu qasbay by tuuraya qalabka iyo hantida, inaad ka qaxdo ka saldhigyadoodii gasiiradaha deriska ah.

Ilaa bilowgii May 1942 guusha ciidamada wariyaasha la socda ciidanka Japan iyo ciidamada badda, taas oo loo ogol yahay Hirohito Emperor in ay qabsadaan dhulal badan waxaa ka mid ah Filibiin, Java, Bali, qayb ka mid ah Islands Sulaymaan iyo New Guinea, British ala iyo East Dutch ee la. maxbuus Japan, halka ay jiraan kuwo ku saabsan 130 kun. ciidamo British.

Ujeedadu waxay ka leexdo iyo in koorsada hawlgallada milateri ee

dagaalka Mareykanka ka dhanka Japan lahaa horumar kala duwan oo kaliya ka dib markii dagaalka badda u dhaxaysa maraakiibta ay, kaas oo ka dhacay May 8, 1942 Badda Coral ah. Waqtigaa Maraykanka ayaa si buuxda u riyaaqay taageerada xulafadooda isbahaysiga-Hitler anti ciidamada.

dagaal Tani waxay hoos ugu tegey, taariikhda sida ugu horeysay oo maraakiibta cadowga ha midba midka kale u soo dhowaan, aan hal darbo oo xataa mid kasta oo kale arkay. All hawlgallada mileteri ee la fuliyaa si gaar ah oo ku salaysan diyaarado kuwan duulista badda. Waxaa muhiimad ahaa kulanka ka mid ah laba kooxood oo dagaal side.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in koorsada ee ma jiro dagaal oo ka mid ah dhinacyada iska soo horjeeda ku guuldareysatay inay badiso guul cad, faa'iido istiraatiiji ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ahayd dhinaca xulafada. Waa midda koowaade, dagaalka badda this joojiyay guul, ilaa wakhtigaas, horumarinta ciidanka Japan, iyadoo guul ah oo dagaalka Maraykanka iyo Japan, iyo, marka labaadna, waxay go'aamisay in guuldaradii of raxan Japan dagaalka ku soo socda, kaas oo ka dhacay June 1942 aagga of atoll ah Midway.

Badda Coral ayaa waxaa ku dheceen laba waaweyn ee xambaara dayuuradaha Japanese - "Shokaku" iyo "Zuikaku". Waxaa soo baxay, waayo, Imperial Navy khasaaraha hagaajin karin, taasoo keentay in guul u ah Maraykanka iyo xulufadiisu ay dagaalka ku soo socda ciidamada badda tuulmay dagaalka ee Pacific.

Isku dayaysa in ay sii furasho hore

Luminta Midway 4 sidayaal diyaaradaha dheeraad ah, 248 diyaaradaha dagaalka iyo duuliyayaasha ugu fiican, Japan badiyay awood u leh inay sii wadaan in ay si wax ku ool shaqeeyaan badda ka baxsan goobaha u daboolaan oo diyaarad xeebta ku salaysan, taas oo iyada u ahaa musiibo dhabta ah. Ka dib markii in, ciidamada Emperor Hirohito ee ma qabsan karo, guusha wax halis ah, iyo dadaalka oo dhan ayaa loogu talagalay in lagu hayo dhulka hore guulaystay. Dhanka kale dagaal u dhexeeya Japan iyo Maraykanka weli ka fog dhamaystirka.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka lagu hoobtay oo culus, oo socday muddo 6 bilood ee soo socota, bishii February 1943, ciidamada Maraykanka ay awoodaan in ay qabsadaan jasiiradda of Guadalcanal. Tani waxa ay ahayd guul hirgelinta qorshaha istaraatiijiyadeed ilaalinta kolonyo dhexeeya Maraykanka, Australia iyo New Zealand. In mustaqbalka, ilaa iyo dhamaadka Maraykanka iyo dowladda huwanta ay gacanta ku Sulaymaan, iyo Aleutian Islands ah, qaybta galbeed ee jasiiradda New Britain, koonfur-bari ee New Guinea, iyo sidoo kale Islands Gilbert ah, taas oo ay qayb ka yihiin gumeysi ku British.

In 1944, Maraykanka iyo Japan, oo dagaal u qaaday karin. Isagoo daalan ay iman kara military oo aan lahayn xoog ay u sii wadaan howlgallada weerar, ciidanka Emperor Hirohito ee ku urursan ciidamada oo dhan si ay u difaaca dhulka hore qabsaday ee Shiinaha iyo Burma, siinta initiative oo dheeraad ah ay ku jirtaa gacanta cadowga. Tani ayaa sababay tiro ka mid ah laga badiyay. Sidaas darteed, February 1944, Japanese ah ayaa lagu qasbay in ay ka baxaan Marshall ah, iyo lix bilood ka dib - si Islands Mariana ah. Bishii September, waxay ka tageen New Guinea, iyo in October, lumisay gacan ku haynta ee Islands Caroline ah.

Burburkii ciidanka reer Emperor Hirohito

US iyo dagaal Japan (1941-1945) cayrsho October 1944 markii dadaalka wadajirka ah ee sokeeye waxaa laga sameeyey hawlgal Philippine guul. Waxaa intaas dheer in ciidamada Maraykanka, waxa goob joog ka ahaa ciidamada qalabka sida ee Australia iyo Mexico. gool ay caadi ahaa xoraynta Filibiin ka soo Japanese ah.

Sidaas darteed dagaalka, ansixyo on October 23-26, ee Leyte Gulf, Japan badiyay bulk ee ay ciidamada badda. Its khasaaro ahaa 4 side 3 dagaalka, 11 baabbi'inaya, Cruiser iyo 10 2 of gujis ah. Filibiin ahaayeen gebi ahaanba ku jirta gacanta xulafada, laakiin dagaallo goos goos ah oo iyaga la sii wadaa ilaa dhamaadka dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka.

Isla sanadkaas, riyaaqayaa margin ballaaran ee shaqaale iyo qalab, Ciidamada Mareykanka ayaa si guul leh sameeyay 20 February si March 15, howlgalka in ay qabsadaan Iwo jasiiradda Jima, oo ka April 1 ilaa 21 June - Okinawa. Labada iyaga ka mid ah waxaa iska lahaa Japan, oo waxay noqotay saldhig haboon weerarada cirka tuulooyinkeeda.

Gaar ahaan ba'an ahaa weerarkii lagu qaaday Tokyo, Air Force Maraykanka fuliyey 9-10 March 1945. Sidaas darteed of qarax weyn, waxaa la sawiray Guryohoodii 250 kun. Dhismayaasha, iyo dilay oo ku saabsan 100 kun. Dadka, kuwaas oo intooda badan ahaayeen dad rayid ah. Isla muddadaas, Maraykanka iyo Japan, dagaalka ayaa waxaa ay astaan u bilawga ah ciidamada huwanta ah ee Burma, iyo waxa la sii daayo xiga ka shaqo Japan.

The ugu horeysay ee taariikhda qaraxii qaaradda

Ka dib markii ay August 9, 1945, Ciidamada Soviet weerar ku Manchuria, waxa ay ahayd arrin iska cad in ololaha Pacific ah, iyo waxa la dagaalka (1945), Japan - US dhameystirtay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo this, dawladda Maraykanka ayaa tallaabo lahaa analogues no mana ee la soo dhaafay mana sannadaha soo socda laga qaaday. Qaraxii Nuclear la sameeyey by inuu si ah magaalooyinka Japan ee Hiroshima iyo Nagasaki.

Qaraxa ugu horeeyay ee qaaradda tuuray subaxdii of 6 August 1945 on Hiroshima. Waxay u dhiibay B-29 Ciidamada Cirka Maraykanka qarxiyay, magaca Enola Gay ka dib markii taliyaha uu markabka hooyada dhashay - Colonel Paul Tibetsa. Qarax aad u la mid ah ayaa loo yaqaan Little Boy, taas oo macnaheedu yahay - "Kid The." Inkastoo uu magaca kalgacal, bam ku lahaa xoogga 18 kilotons of TNT, iyo dilay, sida lagu sheegay qiyaaso kala duwan, ka 95 160 Man kun..

Saddex maalmood dabadeed, soo raacay by mid ka badan bambooyin qaaradda. Markan iyada bartilmaameed ahaa Nagasaki. Americans waa dhiiran tahay in la siiyo magacyada maraakiibta ma aha oo kaliya ama diyaarado, iyo xataa bambooyin, waxa loo yaqaan Man Fat ah - «Fat Man". Wuxuu u dhiibay dilaaga this kuwaas oo awood wuxuu u dhigmaa 21 kilotons of TNT B-29 Bockscar, shaqaale amray by Charles Sweeney. Markan ahaayeen dhibbanayaasha u dhaxaysa 60 iyo 80 kun. Dadka rayidka ah.

Is-dhiibitaanka Japan

lama filaan ah ee qaraxii, taas oo ku dhamaatay sano oo dagaal-US hoggaamiyey Japan ahaa sidaas u weyn in Kantaro Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Suzuki u ashtakooday boqorka Hirohito ah, war qoraal ah oo ku saabsan baahida loo qabo in la joojiyo hore ee colaadda. Sidaas darteed, sida ugu horreysa ee 6 maalmood ka dib weerarkii labaad ee qaaradda, Japan ayaa ku dhawaaqay in ay is dhiibin, iyo 2 September ee isla sannadkaas fal la saxeexay. saxiixa dukumentigan taariikhi ah ku dhamaaday dagaalka Mareykanka - (. 1941-1945 GG) Japan. Waxa uu ahaa fal kama dambaysta ah ee dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka.

Sida ay sheegayaan wararka, ee khasaaraha Maraykanka ee dagaalka kula Japan waxa ay 296 929 oo qof. Kuwaas oo kala ah, 169 635 - askar iyo saraakiil ka mid ah unugyada dhulka, iyo 127.294 - Navy iyo Badda. Isla mar ahaantaana in dagaalka ka dhanka ah Hitler ee Germany 185 994 oo Maraykan ah lagu dilay.

Ma America xaq u leedahay in samatabbixin weerar nuclear lahaa?

Inta sano post-dagaal muran, waxna lagama sarreeyey habboonaanta iyo sharciyadda weerarada nuclear, Qabanay wakhtigii dagaalka (1945), Japan - Maraykanka ayaa waxaa horay u dhow dhameystirtay. Sida inta badan khubaro caalami ah, haddii ay taasi ku, su'aasha aasaasiga ah waa in qaraxii, kaas oo lagu dilay tobanaan kun oo nolosha loo baahan yahay inuu saxiixo heshiis ku saabsan is dhiibin ee Japan on shuruudaha dawladda ee Madaxweynaha Garri Trumena la aqbali karo, oo halkaasna waxaa joogay siyaabo kale si loo gaaro natiijada la rabay?

Taageerayaasha qaraxii ku doodaya in sababta oo ah aad u arxan, laakiin xaq, in ay opinion, tallaabooyinka ku khasbi karin Hirohito Emperor ah in ay is dhiibaan, iyadoo laga fogaado allabaryada labada dhinac, ciday ku xiran duulaanka soo socda ee ciidamada Maraykanka ee Japan, iyo dhulka Ciidamada on jasiiradda of Kyushu.

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay keeni statistics muran, kaas oo muujinaya in bil kasta dagaalka ku wehliyeen khasaare weyn ee dadka deegaanka oo ka mid ah dalalka ay degan of Japan. Gaar ahaan, waxa lagu qiyaasay in muddo dhan joogis oo ka mid ah ciidamada Japan ee Shiinaha ka 1937 si ay u 1945 dadka ku halligmeen ee ku salysan bishiiba Man 150 kun.. hannaankii A la mid ah ayaa sidoo kale waxaa lagu arki karaa qaybaha kale ee shaqo Japan.

Sidaas darteed, waa ay fududahay si loo xisaabiyo in aan weerar nuclear, taasoo lagu qasbay dawladda Japan in ay is dhiibin degdeg ah, bil kasta oo isku xigta ee dagaalka wada qaadan lahaa ugu yaraan 250 oo kun. Lives, ilaa hadda badnaa dhibanayaasha qaraxii.

Marka tan la eego, hadda badbaaday awow Madaxweynaha Garri Trumena - Deniel Trumen - 2015, maalinta guuradii toddobaatan sano markii Bamkii Atomikada ee Hiroshima iyo Nagasaki xusuusannaa in uu awoowe ilaa dhamaadka maalmood toobadkeeneen qubo si ay u siiyaan iyo dhawaaqay sax ah oo muuqda go'aanka. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, waxaa inta badan la dedejiyey dhamaadka colaadda military, Japan - US. Dagaalkii labaad ee dunida iyo sidoo kale sii socon karo dhowr bilood, haddii aan tallaabooyin sida weyn ee maamulka Maraykanka.

Dadka ka soo horjeeda ee view this

soo horjeeda ee qaraxii, oo iyana ku doodaya in iyaga oo aan Maraykanka iyo Japan ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida khasaare weyn, taas oo kor u kacay kharash ku dhibanayaasha ka mid ah dadka rayidka ah oo ka mid ah labada Magaalo by weerar nuclear saameeyeen waa dembi dagaal, iyo tirin karaa argagixisada gobolka.

The Xumaan iyo weeraro aan nuclear uu hadal saynisyahano badan American, kuwaas oo shaqsi ahaan ka qayb-galay horumarinta oo ka mid ah hubka dilaaga ah. Ugu horreeya ee dhaleeceeya waa caan jirka nuclear American Albert Einstein iyo Leo Szilard. Back in 1939 ay warqad u qoray si wadajir ah in Madaxweynaha Maraykanka Roosevelt, kaas oo ay ku siin qiimeyn moral oo ah isticmaalka hubka nukliyeerka.

In May 1945, toddoba khubaro American hoggaamineed oo duurka ku ah cilmi-nuclear, hogaaminayo Dzheymsom Frankom sidoo kale uu farriin madaxa gobolka u soo diray. In waxa, saynisyahano ayaa tilmaamay in hadii Mareykanka horumariyo adeegsiga ugu horreeya ee hubka, waxay iyada ka nusqaaminina lahaa taageerada caalamiga ah, ku siin doonaa wadadii ay ku tartanka hubka oo wiiqi fursadaha mustaqbalka ee dunida oo dhan gacanta ku noocan ah ee hubka.

Kooxda siyaasadeed ee arrinta

Leaving gees u dood ku saabsan ku habboonaanta codsiga ciidamada weerarka qaaradda magaalooyinka Japan, waa in la ogaadaa, iyo mid u badan tahay sababta dawlada Maraykanku uu go'aansaday on tallaabo this xad-dhaaf ah. Waxaan ka hadleynaa show ah oo xoog in ay saameyn ku hoggaanka Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo Stalin shakhsi ahaan.

Marka, ka dib markii dhamaadkii dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, waxay ahayd geeddi-socodka ah u qaybin goobo saamayneed u dhaxeeya awoodaha waaweyn, guuldaradii wax yar ka hor Nazi Germany, Truman helay waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si ay u muujiyaan dunida oo haatan awood u military ugu awooda badan.

Natiijada falalkiisa ahaa tartanka hubka, bilowgii Dagaalkii Qaboobaa iyo faragelintii Iron daah oo dunida u qaybsan laba qaybood. On hal dhinac oo dacaayad cabsi dadka Soviet rasmi hanjabay, sida la sheegay ka imaanaya ah "caasimada dunida", oo abuuray movies oo ku saabsan dagaalka la Japan iyo Mareykanka, ayaa dhanka kale mana ay nasan, si aan ugu hadlo oo ku saabsan "orso Ruush" lo on aadanaha caadiga ah iyo qiyamka Christian. Sayidka, ee qaraxyadii qaaradda dhamaadka dagaalka magaalooyinka Japan, badan labaatan sano ka badan, celiyay dunida oo dhan.