Dadka Renaissance. Tilmaamo caan ku Renaissance ah

Muddada horumarinta dhaqanka iyo fikirka ugu weyn ee Europe loo yaqaan Renaissance ah (14-16 qarnigii, Renaissance), iyo muddada asal Dzhordzho Vazari. Baaxaa A cusub ayaa lagu badalay qarniyadii dhexe. Waxa ay ahayd markii ugu of art, ganacsi, ayaa asalkiisu ka soo jeedo by sayniska casriga ah, waxaa lagu soo helay iyo hindisooyin badan. Italy ayaa noqday xarun dhaqanka. Waxaa jiray saxaafadda daabacaada ah, taas oo kor u falkaasi habka of sargooyaan aqoonta. Muuqaaladan ugu weyn ee Renaissance - waa nooca cilmaani ah dhaqanka iyo focus on hawlaha aadanaha oo naftiisa. Koraaya xiisaha taariikhda Qarniyadii hore, waxaa jira nooc ka mid ah soo nooleenta waxaa ka mid ah (Halkan magaca marxalad cusub). Waqtigaas, Western Europe ayaa hogaanka sayniska, technology iyo dhaqanka. Ha ka fikiro si aynu xilligan isbedelka iyo duushay hal abuur leh.

Tilmaamo caan ku Renaissance ah

1. uuga Human advantageously aragti bini'aadamnimada.
2. Diidmada mudnaanta heer sare, antifeodalizm.
3. aragtida A cusub of Qarniyadii hore, ay diiradda saaraan arrintan.
4. Dayashada dabiiciga ah, doorashada dabiiciga ah ee wax walba.
5. Dadka Renaissance dayacay maadadeed iyo xaq (sida nooc ka mid ah).
6. intelligentsia wuxuu bilaabaa in uu qaab qaado stratum bulsho.
7. nihilism Moral, anarchism diinta (xaqiiqda ah in dadka Renaissance ku wacdiyaya sinada).

Isbedelka bulshada

Horumarinta ganacsiga, magaalada kordhaya bilaabay si ay u sameeyaan fasalo cusub ee bulshada. Knights ayaa bedelay ciidanka calooshiis. Maadaama uu helay juquraafi bilaabay addoonsiga baahsan. In America iyo Europe ayaa laga soo saaray oo ku saabsan 12 million Negroes of Africa. Bedelay hadafyada bulshada iyo aragtida. image Nin ee Renaissance ee isbeddelay, haatan waxaa fartaan ka addoon kuwa is-hoosaysiiya Ilaah ee xarunta cibaadada. Heysatay rumaysadka fursadaha xad lahayn of maanka aadanaha, ee quruxda iyo xoog ruuxa. Ku qanaca ah oo dhan dabiiciga ah (dabiiciga ah ama dabiici ah) wuxuu u baahan yahay - in ay haboon Aadanaha oo Renaissance ah.

abuuridda

Waqtigaas, waxaad tahay waxaa gooni ka shuqulkii. Architecture, rinjiyeynta, farshaxan - wax kasta oo bedelay.

naqshadaha

Maxay yihiin qaababka caan ku Renaissance ee foomka farshaxanka this, waxa uu isku badalay marka la barbardhigo qarniyadii dhexe? Hadda waxay bilaabeen in ay si firfircoon uga dhiso iyo qurxin dhismaha kaniisadda ma aha oo kaliya. Baahsan "nidaamka si" of Qarniyadii hore, iyo qaadeen qaab-dhismeedka side, hadduu yahay dogob amase tiir, macmalay in qaab farshaxan ama lagu qurxiyey sharraxay. naqshadaha ee Gothic adkaaday. Tusaale ahaan A duwanyihiin waa cathedral a Siena Dzhovanni Pizano.

Rinjiyeynta iyo farshaxan

Dadka Renaissance keenay farshaxanka rinjiyeynta iyo baaxaddaba aragtida toosan, aqoonta anatomy iyo jirka Joogaba. Waxaa jiray farshaxankiisa muujinayay in goobaha ka caddooyinka qadiimiga ah, iyo sawirada qoyska maalin kasta, iyo sidoo kale mawduuc ee taariikhda qaranka. rinjiga Oil caawiyay fanaaniinta ah loo fuliyo qorshayaasha ay.

Arts isku maran. Sweden badan oo naftooda u huray in noocyo dhawr ah, oo waxba ma ay joojiyaan at horumarinta kaliya ee wax ka mid ah.

suugaanta

Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) - Abwaan ugu caansan ee Zaman this. Waxa uu ku dhashay qoys sayidyada dhulgoosadka ee Florence. Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa aasaasihii casriga ah suugaanta Talyaani. Sonnets Dante amaanay jacaylka Ilaah uma laakiin gabadhii fudud Beatrice, geesi, dhiirato iyo unearthly qurux ahaayeen.

Uu sonnets dareen uu u qoray in lahjad ka mid ah dadka caadiga ah adigoo afka erayga gabayada sare. gabal ugu fiican in shuqullada tixgeliyaa "Ilaahnimadu Comedy", oo la yidhaahdo encyclopedia nafta bini'aadamka. Abwaan waxa uu ahaa mucaaradka ah, maxaa yeelay, wuxuu laba jeer lagu xukumay dil, wuuna ka baxsaday dhimashada of this, oo ay sabab u tahay cudurka iyo saboolnimada wuu dhintay.

sayniska

Aqoonta uu noqday muhiim. nooc ka mid ah nidaam ah ee sayniska. Inta lagu guda jiro Renaissance ee excavations si firfircoon sameeyay, raadinaya buugaagta qadiimiga ah, abuuray matxaf, tours, maktabadda. Qadiimiga ah ee Giriiga oo Cibraani ah ayaa bilaabay in la bartaa dugsiyada. Seynisyahanno ku helay nidaamka heliocentric ah, daraasad ugu horeysay ee xad caalamka oo dhan, si ay u helaan aqoon joomatari oo algebra, wax badan oo isbedel ah oo daahfurtay duurka joogeen ee dawada.

dadka caanka ah ee Renaissance ah

Markan siiyey Sweden badan oo caan ah. article The jeclaan lahaa inaan xuso kuwa aan kii waxaa jiri lahaa in hormariyo lahayn.

Donatello

Nin weyn (magaca dhabta ah Donato Di Niccolò di Betto Bardi) waxa uu abuuray nooc cusub oo ah Sidaana wareega iyo kooxaha sculptural, taasi oo markii dambe u noqday Classics ah nooca iyo qaabka naqshadaha Renaissance ah. Donatello leeyihiin mudnaanta badan. Qofkan la iman sawirka sculptural, xalin dhibaatadda of xasiloonida samaynta tirooyinka, waxaan Been abuurtay nooc cusub oo ah tombstones, taallo naxaas ah tuuray. Donatello waa tii ugu horaysay si ay u muujiyaan nin qaawan dhagax, waxa fiican iyo wax macno aan u sameeyey. Shuqullada ugu fiican: David guuleysto, taalada ee George, qurux Judith ah, Taalladaas farda in Gattamelata, Mariya Magdalina.

Masaccio

magaca Real Tommaso di Dzhovanni Di Simone Cassano (1401-1428). artist rinjiyeynta waalneyn waxaa jiidanaysay, si taxadar la'aan iyo taag daran wax kasta marka laga reebo tahay. shuqulladiisii la ogan karo in ay ka muuqaalada aasaasiga ah ee Renaissance ah.

In ka frescoes, rinjiyeeyay Florence, waayo, kiniisadda Santa Maria del Carmine, marka hore loo isticmaalay nidaamka aragtida toosan. New wakhtigaas ahaayeen: wejigooda dhegeysiga, rayadka iyo xaqiiqada muuqaalo ku dhow saddex-geesood ah. Iyagoo muujinayay in mucjiso ah, artist ah loogama qaadi of ay Mystique. The shaqo ugu caansan: "Eryidda ka Jannada", "Fall The."

Johann Gutenberg

Mid ka mid ah guulihii ugu weynaa ee ninkanu wuxuu ahaa been abuurtay daabacaada. Thanks to soo saar this faafin humanists fikrado geesi, kor u qorista.

Leonardo da Vinci

hanad waxaa loo bogi waqtiyada oo dhan. Talyaaniga waxa uu ahaa sidaas wajiyo badan, in la yaab leh sida ay u badan tayo mideysan hal qof. Leonardo waxa uu ku dhashay on April 15, 1452 meel u dhow Florence (meel Vinci), wuxuuna ahaa ina nootaayo Pierre da Vinci iyo ridayeen fudud. At 14 jir, wiilka u soo baxeen inay bartaan la rinjiile iyo sculptor Verrocchio, waxa ay qaadataa oo ku saabsan 6 sano. Ugu caansan: "Madonna leh ubaxa ah", "Cashadii Ugu Dambaysay", "Madonna Litta", ". Mona Lisa" sayniska jecel yahay intooda badan u aragtaa xisaabta oo wuxuu ku yidhi, Waxaa jira lagu kalsoonaan karo ma halkaas oo aanay suurtagal ahayn in si sax ah loo xisaabiyo. Mararka qaarkood si kaamil ah Leonardo nixiyo oo dhan, ayuu hantiyeen kartida aan caadi ahayn, sameeyey kun helay, kuwaas oo hadda ay adag tahay in la fahmo. Tani waxa ay ahayd nin weyn. Leonardo bartay dayuurada ee Shimbiraha, kaas oo isaga u waxyoonay ikhtiraac cusub. Waxa uu abuurtay uumi engine, Jack, saacada, baarashuud ku pyramidal, loogu talagalay diyaaradaha ugu horeysay, diyaaradda (Yeelay in qarnigii 20) iyo ka badan. Leonardo ayaa sheegay in xataa qofka fikradaha ugu dhiirato abid in la turjumo xaqiiqada galay, oo wuxuu xaq u ahaa. hanad Contribution bulshada waa ku weyn yahay. Ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa qurxoon, xoog, digtoonaan. Waxaa la sheegay in uu ahaa dandy ah. Sayidka, Leonardo si fudud u gaar ah, xariif ah, iyo jidkiisu qumman kasta.

fikradaha

Madhabta Renaissance ku soo degtay in xaqiiqda ah in dad lagu macnayn karaa ma aha oo kaliya by uu aamino diinta.

Leonardo Bruni difaacay qaab Jamhuuriga ee dawladda. No dheer ayaa aaminsan in siyaasadda la xiriira kiniisadda, waqti badan waxay bilaabeen inay in la siiyo xorriyad aadanaha.

Niccolo Machiavelli ugu horeysay soo horjeestay fekerka ah xoogga Ilaah in tayadiisa vicar dhulka. fikrad Sidaas waxa muujiyay shuqulkiisa caan "Prince The". Ardayda dugsiyada sharciga iyo hadda waa la yaqaan khasab shaqada this.

Zhan Boden ayaa sidoo kale soo horjeestay fekerka ah ee Ilaah, waayo, laaluushku waa awoodda, laakiin xoogga gobolka waxaa loo arkaa in boqortooyo. taliye waa in is ogow dadka, oo haddii dad ka soo horjeeda xukunka daalim, wuxuu badan inuu afgembiyo aawadeed laga yaabaa ama u dilaan.

muddo Renaissance siiyey Dadka dad badan oo tayo leh, daahfurtay waxtar leh, horumarinta dhaqanka, maxaa yeelay this topic had iyo jeer waa mid xiiso leh oo caan ah.