Renaissance man: shaqsi wejiyo

ninkii Renaissance ah, ama "polymath" (nin universal) - qof si buuxda u horumariyay kuwaas oo uu leeyahay xirfado badan oo waa takhasus u leh in nidaamo kala duwan.

Determination inta badan u muuqatay in ay fanaaniinta fiican mahad, aqoon yahanno weyn iyo saynisyahano Zaman ee Yurub Renaissance (qiyaastii 1450). Michelangelo Buonarroti, Galileo Galilei, Nikolay Kopernik, Miguel Servet, Leon Battista Alberti, Isaak Nyuton - waa magacyadii ugu muhiimsan ee dadka cilmi dhowr xarumaha sayniska iyo farshaxanka. Laakiin laga yaabaa in wakiilka ugu weerarka oo ka mid ah nin Renaissance run -Leonardo da Vinci. Wuxuu ahaa artist ah, injineer, anatomist, xiiso nidaamo badan oo kale, oo uu guulo waa weyn ee waxbarashadooda.

Ereyga "polymath" hormarey Renaissance ah, waxaa ka soo jeeda erayga Giriigga ah «polymathes», taas oo loo tarjumi karo "Master of aqoon badan" - fikradda ah in aad u muhiim ah, waayo, Plato iyo Aristotle, ee aqoon yahanno weyn dunida qadiimiga ahaa.

Leon Battista Alberti ayaa yiri: "Dadka samayn kartaa wax kasta, haddii ay doonayaan inay." fikrad Tani iskuna soo mabaadiida aasaasiga ah ee Renaissance humanism, la go'aamiyo in qofka waa xad lahayn in fursadaha iyo horumarka ay. Dabcan, ereyga "Renaissance nin" waa in oo kaliya in ay dadka hibada leh kuwaas oo isku dayay in ay horumariyaan xirfadahooda ee beeraha oo dhan aqoonta, xirfadaha, horumarka jireed, ka duwan dadka kale kuwaas oo ku noolaa in ka qabno in, inta badan matalaya bulshada aan aqoonta lahayn tixraac.

Dad badan ayaa wax ku bartay, hawaystay inaan meel ka mid ah "nin universal." Waxa ay si joogta ah ku hawlan is-hagaajinta, fursadaha horumarka ay heleen, waxbarasho luqadda qalaad, cilmi baaris la sameeyay, fahmi karaan oo sharxi dhibaatooyinka falsafada, mahad tahay, ciyaaro ciyaaraha (hagaagtay jidhkiisa). Marxalad hore, marka dhan u qeexaan fikirka ah dadka waxbarashada ay helaan badan oo aqoon - shuqullada yahanno Greek iyo faylosuufiinta (shuqullo badan ayaa laga badiyay qarnigii soo socda). Intaa waxaa dheer, nin ka mid ah Renaissance ahaa bedelka oo ka mid ah dhaqanka ee chivalry. Knights of ee qarniyadii dhexe hore, sida aynu ognahay, dadka ay ahaayeen wax akhrin-qori, yaqaanna in gabayada iyo fanka, waxay leeyihiin dhaqan wanaagsan, wuxuu lahaa madax-bannaanida shakhsiga ah (marka laga reebo waajibaadka taliyaha dhulgoosadka). xaq A aadanaha iyo xorriyadda noqon theme maamulaha of run humanism ee Renaissance ah.

Ilaa xad, humanism ma aha falsafad, iyo habab cilmi. Humanists rumeysan yahay in nin ee Renaissance inay u timaado in dhamaadka naftiisa caqligaaga oo aad u qurux badan oo jirka weyn. Waxaas oo dhan waxaa lagu gaari karaa by joogto ah barashada iyo horumarinta. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee aadanaha oo ahaa in la abuuro nin universal kaasoo isku Fadilmo caqliga iyo jirka.

laguna helayo ayaa ka mid ah qoraalka qadiimiga ah iyo war abuurashadoodii daabacaada democratized waxbarasho oo loo ogol yahay si ay u faafiyaan fikradahooda si deg deg ah. Horraantii Renaissance ah, gaar ahaan horumarinta helay aadamaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee shaqeeya Nikolaya Kuzanskogo (1450) horaysa aragti heliocentrically Copernicus ku riday ilaa xad laga bilaabo sayniska. Weli, ku sayniska iyo farshaxanka ah ee Renaissance (sida anshaxa a) ahaayeen kuwo aad u isku qasan bilowga ah ee xilligii. Tusaale ahaan A duwanyihiin of this - hanad weyn Leonardo da Vinci, waa kan Ranjiile u fiican, waxa loo yaqaan aabbe u ahaa sayniska casriga ah.