Battle ku Neva webiga: Sababaha iyo Cawaaqibta

July 15, 1240 lagu qabtay dagaalkii taariikhiga ahaa oo webiga ag Neva ah. Ciidamada Ruush hoos amarka Alexander Nevski, guul muhiim ah burburiyo ciidanka Swedish ka badan. Dhacdadaas ka dib, Alexander Nevsky ahaa naanaysta caanka ah. Magacani wuxuu la og yahay in Ruush kasta, oo ilaa maantadan la joogo.

prehistory

Battle on River Neva ee 1240 ma bilaaban degna. Waxay waxaa ka hormarey tiro ka mid ah dhacdooyinka siyaasadeed iyo taariikhi ah oo muhiim ah.

In qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 13aad, dalka Iswiidan, la midoobin Novgorod, dhigay heystaan joogto ah galay qabiilooyinka Finnish. Waxay u dhawaaqeen duulaan ciqaab, kuwaas oo ujeedada ahayd in ay xukumaan dadka dheeraad ah. Inta badan dalka Iswiidan ka soo gaaray qabiilooyinka wadarta iyo EM. Tani waxa ay ahayd sababta keentay khilaafka daba dheeraaday. Dalka Iswiidan ka cabsaday weerarka by dadka Finnishka ah, si u xiiseynayey in ay iyaga baabtiisaa iyo ka sokeeye dhigtay.

At this ma aysan joogsan duulay ee. Waxay si teelteel ah u qaadeen weerarada ugaadhsiga on dalalka Webiga Neva ah, iyo sidoo kale si toos ah aagga Novgorod. Sweden ayaa si xooga u wiiqantay colaadaha vnutriusobnymi, si ay doonayeen inay soo jiitaan rag badan iyo dadkii ku abtirsan in kooxdiisa. Oo iyana ma ay fogow oggolaysiinaysaa inaan ku guuleysto in ka badan in ay kooxda iyo taageerayaasha lacag sahlan. Muddo dheer ciidamada Finno-Karelia weerareen dalka Sweden, iyo in 1187 oo gebi ahaanba la midoobin Novgorod. magaalada qadiimiga ah ee Sweden - Waxay Sigtuna gubay.

iska hor imaad Tani socday muddo dheer. Mid kasta oo ka dhinac, iyo af Iswiidhish iyo af Ruush, ayaa waxay dooneen inay taagaan amar uu dalka Izhora ah, kaas oo ku yaalla hareeraha Webiga Neva ah, iyo dhul Karelia ah.

taariikhda Taariikhi ka hor dhacdooyinka caan ah sida Battle ku River Neva, ayaa lagu dhawaaqo saliibi ah Second Finland Pope Gregory IX ee December 1237. In June 1238 deenishka King Waldemar II iyo Master of Order ee Hermann ee dadkaga isku daro ku heshiiyeen kala qeybinta gobolka Istooniyaan iyo bilowgii hawlgallada milateri ee ka dhanka ah Russia ee dalka Mareykanka Baltic la gargaarka ee Sweden. Tani waa waxa xanaajiyeen dagaalka ku saabsan webiga Neva. Taariikhda, dhacdooyinka in haatan lagu yaqaan, wuxuu ahaa biloowga ee taariikhda Russia iyo xidhiidhka ay la leeyihiin dalalka deriska ah. Kula dagaalama ayaa muujisay awoodda dalka si kada ah ciidanka awood cadowga. Waxaa waa in ay tixgeliyaan xaqiiqada ah in dagaal on River Neva dhacay waqti adag. dalalkan oo Ruush hada dhow bilowday inuu ka soo kabsado ka dib markii sano ee duulaanka iyo ciidamada ciidamada Mongol ayaa si weyn u wiiqay.

Battle on webiga Neva: Ilo

Wixii macluumaad ah oo ku saabsan in taariikhyahanadu ka hor dheer leedahay si ay u ururiyaan macno yara by yara. Cilmi-baarisyo badan ayaa xiiso u qabta dhacdooyinka sida Battle ku River Neva ah, taariikhda. Si kooban u tilmaamay dagaal celisa dokumentiyadii taariikhiga ahaa. Dabcan, ilahaasi yar yihiin. Mid ka mid ah ugu wanaagsan ee loo yaqaan waxaa loo yeedhi karaa Novgorod qoraal taxane-taariikheed marka hore. Sidoo kale, macluumaadka laga heli karaa Life of Alexander Nevsky. Waxaa la qiyaasayo in la qoray by saffarro dhacdooyinka ku tiris ah oo qarnigii XIII gudahood.

Haddii aan ka fiirsan ilaha Scandinavian, in aanay ku jira faahfaahinta dagaalo kuweyn sida, sida Battle of Neva River iyo Battle of Ice ah. Waxaan kaliya ka akhrisan kartaa oo ku saabsan waxa a xulka yar Swedish ka adkaadeen in qaabka guud ee saliibiyiinta Finnish.

Waxaa sidoo kale lama yaqaan si dhab ah, oo ku hogaamiyay ciidanka Scandinavian. Iyada oo ku saleysan ilaha Ruush, saynisyahano ah ay sheegayaan in uu ahaa wiilkii uu soddog u ahaa King Birger Magnusson.

Laakiin Jarl Sweden waxa uu ahaa oo kaliya in 1248, iyo waqtiga dagaalka waxay ahayd Ulf Fasi kii, u badan tahay, oo uu hogaaminayo March. Xaaladdan oo kale, Birger waxaa la aan lug, inkasta oo ay jirto opinion ah ka soo hor jeedda. Sayidka, natiijooyinka excavations qaddiimiga ah ayaa tilmaamaya in Birger lagu dhaawacay qaybta hore ee madaxa intii uu noolaa. Tani waa inay waafaqsan yihiin macluumaadka in Alexander Nevsky lagu dhaawacay isha boqorka.

Battle on River Neva ah: Taariikhda

dhacdooyinka taariikhiga ah ilaa qarnigii XVI ka, aan la diiwaan geliyay ilaha rasmiga ah qaarkood. Inta badan, taariikhyahanadu aan go'aan ka gaari kara taariikhda saxda ah ama xitaa muddo qiyaas ahaan marka waxaa jiray dagaal gaar ah. Taa ma codsan in ay dhacdo sida muhiim ah, oo dagaalka ku saabsan webiga Neva. In waxa sannad dhacday? Si aad su'aashan taariikhyahanadu ogaado jawaabta saxda ah. dagaalka Tan waxaa ku taariikhaysan July 15, 1240.

Dhacdooyinka ka hor dagaalka ku

None dagaalka uusan iska bilaabaan. Oo waxaa jiray taxane ah oo dhacdooyin keentay in sida xaalad adag, oo dagaalka ku saabsan webiga Neva. sannadka uu u dhacay, dalka Iswiidan waxay bilaabeen inay ururka la Novgorod. Xilliga xagaaga ee maraakiibta ay soo gaaray afka Neva ah. The dalka Iswiidan iyo xulafadooda ku degay xeebta, oo waxay degeen teendhooyinkoodii. Oo waxay noqotay meel Izhora qulqula Neva ah.

Halabuurka The ciidamada ahaa kala duwan. Waxay ka koobnayd oo ka mid ah dalka Iswiidan, Novgorod, Norway, wakiilada Finland ee qabiil iyo, dabcan, kiniisadda Catholic. Soohdimaha ah dalalkan Novgorod ayaa la ilaaliyo ka yar ilaalinta badda. Her izhoryane bixiyo afka River Neva ah labada dhinac ee Gacanka Finland. Waxa uu ahaa oday ka mid ah ilaalinta Pelgusy maalinta July waaga berigiisii, oo lagu ogaaday in raxan ah Swedish dhow dahay. Tani askartii ordi jirtay ku degdegay inuu wargeliyo Prince Alexander.

Dalka Iswiidan ku tug Livonian in Russia bilaabay bishii August, oo ku talinaya in ay qaataan sugida oo arag meel, iyo sidoo kale Prince Alexander ah falcelin degdeg ah iyo Hillaac leh. Marka la helo warka ah in cadowga u dhow yahay, wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u dhaqmaan on iyaga u gaar ah, oo aan gargaar ka aabbihiis. Alexander Yaroslavovich dhigay in dagaalka la ambabaxay yar. Battle on River Neva ahaa fursad dhallinyarada amiirka inay isu muujiyo sida Taliyaha a. Sidaa darteed, dad badan oo ka mid ah ciidamada ma haysan waqti ay ku soo biiraan isaga. Alexander hadlay oo ka mid ah Ladoga iyo maleeshiyada yaa isaga ku biiray jidka.

Sida laga soo xigtay caadooyinkii markaas jira, kooxda oo dhan ururay Hagia Sophia ah, kaas oo ahaa mid la barakeeyey by Archbishop Spyridon. Isla mar ahaantaana, Alexander ayaa sheegay in cinwaanka bilaabaan, cry oo lagu yaqaan maanta: "Ma ahan in xoogga Ilaah, laakiin run!"

askartii kalen u dhaqaaqeen dhinaca Volkhov si Lake Ladoga laftiisa. From waxaa jira, ayuu u soo jeestay in ay afka Izhora ah. Inta badan ciidanka ka koobnaa rag fardooley ah, laakiin waxa uu ahaa lugta ah. Si loo badbaadiyo waqtiga safarka, qayb ka this ee kooxda oo u dhaqaaqay faras.

Tariikhda dagaalka

Dagaalka waxa uu bilowday July 15, 1940. Waxaa la og yahay in ciidamada dalka Ruushka, marka lagu daro wefdigii amiirka, qayb galay Guud sharaf leh ugu yaraan kale oo saddex guuto Novgorod iyo ladozhane.

In the "Life" sheegaye magacyada reer lix askari, kuwaas oo ka go'an falalka geesinimada intii uu socday dagaal.

Gavrilo Olekseich kacay inuu markabka Col, halkaas oo uu tuuray ay ku dhaawacmeen, laakiin inkastoo this cusub koreen iyo sii waday in ay la dagaalamaan. Sbyslav Yakunovich waxaa hubaysan oo keliya faas, laakiin si kastaba ha ahaatee wuxuu isku tuuray galay qarada dagaalka. Aan ka yarayn si geesinimo ku Jahaaday oo Huntsman Alexander Yacquub Polochanin. Anoo addoonkaaga ah Sawa qarxay xerada cadowga iyo teendhadii khali dalka Iswiidan ku galay. Migaretionka of Novgorod ka qeyb qaatay dagaalkii ka Lugayn iyo degtay saddex markab oo cadowga. anoo addoonkaaga ah Ratmir Alexander Yaroslavovchia, wax xoog leh la diriray yar iswiidhishka, ka dib markii uu ku dhaawacmay iyo ku dhintay dagaalka.

dagaalka ayaa subaxdii socday tan iyo fiidkii. By Galab horjeeda tagay. Dalka Iswiidan, ogaaday in guuldarro burburiyo, gurteen inay maraakiibta uu ka badbaaday iyo gudbay xeebta ka soo horjeeda.

Waxaa la og yahay in ciidamada dalka Ruushka mana ay ka daba cadowga. Sababta tani waa la garanayn. Waxaa laga yaabaa in caadada geesigeeda saameysey ma niyad inta lagu jiro nasasho ah askartii ay soo aaso. Waxaa laga yaabaa in Alexander arkay uma baahna in ay ku dhameysan cantoobo muggeed ka haray dalka Iswiidan iyo ma doonayaan in ay halis badan oo ciidankiisa.

khasaaraha ciidan Ruush lacag XX dagaalyahan oo sharaf leh, oo halkan waxaan waa in ay iyaga ku dar ilaalada. Oo meydadka lagu dhex jiray Sweden oo badan. Taariikhyahanadu hadli daraasiin, haddii aan boqolaal askari oo ku dhintay.

natiijooyinka

Battle on River Neva ah, taariikhda kaas oo lagu xusuusan doonaa qarniyo, oggol yahay si looga hortago halista ah ee bilawga ah ee Sweden iyo Order ee Russia mustaqbalka dhow. ciidanka Alexander ayaa go'aano kama joojin ay duulaanka ka mid ah Ladoga iyo Novgorod.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka boyars Novgorod ka baqeen in awoodda Alexander koraan iyaga u taliya. Markaasay waxay bilaabeen inay dhisaan machinations kala duwan ee dhallinyarada ah amiirka, oo sabab u ah isaga qasbo inay aabbihiis Yaroslav tagaan. Si dhakhso ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ka baryeen inuu ku soo laabto dagaal la sii Order Livonian ah, taas oo ay u Pskov yimid.

xusuustiisu dagaalka

Si aan si illoobin dhacdooyinkii fog on Neva ah, oo durriyadii Alexander dooneen inay sii hurin ay xasuusta. Sidaas daraaddeed, taxadiri naqshadda taariikhi la abuuray, kuwaas oo marar badan dib loo soo celiyo. Waxaa intaa dheer, image ee Aleksandra Nevskogo ayaa helay ay digtoonaan ku saabsan lacagta birta ah iyo stamps xusuus.

Alexander Nevsky Lavra

dhismahan mabda'a la qotomiyey by Peter aan in 1710. Alexander Nevsky keniisad la dhisay afka River Black ee St. Petersburg. Isla mar, si qalad ah u Maleeyeen in dagaal ka dhacay meel this. The inspirer iyo Abuuraha reer Laura noqday Domenico Trezzini. Ka dibna, waxaa shaqada sii by injineero kale.

In 1724 haray ayaa halkan u dhaqaaqay Alexander Yaroslavovych. Haddaba waxaa soohdinta reer keniisad waa a park qaranka gobolka. galidoonaan waxaa ka mid ah kaniisadaha dhowr, matxaf iyo xabaalo a. Wuxuu aasay dadkii caan ah sida Mikhail Lomonosov, Alexander Suvorov, Nikolai Karamzin, Mikhail Glinka, Modest Mussorgsky, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Fyodor Dostoevsky.

Aleksandra Nevskogo Church ee Ust-Izhora

dhismaha Tani waxaa ka taagay in sharaf of guusha dagaalka ku of 1240. Taariikhda dhismaha - 1711. Church dhowr jeer si xun u gubay oo dhisay. Dhammaadkii qarnigii XVIII macbudka dhagax ciidamada parishioners la dhisay la cay iyo bir , iyo munaarad dawan.

In 1934 kiniisadda ahaa u xiran yihiin, iyo waqti dheer la isticmaalo sida bakhaar. Intii lagu guda jiray Leningrad munaaraddii macbudka xanibaadda la Afuufi Suurka, tan iyo markii noqday bartilmaameed u ah madaafiicda Jarmalka.

In 1990, shaqo bilaabay on dib u soo celinta kaniisadda iyo waxaa la daahiriyeyna waxay dhowr sano ka dib. Marka macbudka jiro xabaalo yar iyo cibaadaysiga xusuus leh image ee Aleksandra Nevskogo.

qadaadiicda Daabacaadda iyo stamps

Marmar, ekaanta Aleksandra Yaroslavovicha waxaa loo isticmaalaa in daabacaadda. Sidaas daraaddeed, qadaadiic xusuus leh uu image la sii daayay sanadkii 1995. sannadaha wakhtiga yubilii ah ka dib markii dagaal la heli karo iyo noocyada muhiim ah in ay yihiin oo xiiso weyn u philatelists.

version screen

Sannadkii 2008, qoraaga ayaa la sii daayay filimka "Alexander. The Battle Neva" ee kirada ah. Waxay sheegaysaa Bilowgii boqornimadii ee dhallinyarada ah amiirka Novgorod. Dhamaadkii filimka fool goobaha dagaalka oo ka mid ah Battle of Neva ah.

Filimku wuxuu bilowday jilayaasha sida Anton Pampushny, Svetlana iyo Bakulin Igor Botwin. Agaasimaha - Igor Kalenov.