Nikolay Gerasimovich Kuznetsov - Admiral of Fleet ah. Ruush xambaara dayuuradaha "Admiral Kuznetsov"

Guud Ruush Great abuuray ammaanta hub Ruush dhulka, hawada iyo badda. Peter lay qorshaynta horumarka dalka sida xoogga ah badda, oo yeynan ka shipyards ugu horeysay oo soo jiitay injineero shisheeye. shuqulladiisa awood Russia inuu ku guuleysto wax badan oo guulo waa weyn on badda. Ushakov, Nakhimov - taasi waa Saraakiisha ciidamada badda ugu horeysay, oo magacyadoodiina hanweynaan doonaan dalkeenna karo. In USSR ah, bedelka ee guul ay ahayd Kuznetsov ku Admiral, naftiisa ayaa soo qabanqaabinayay ciidamada badda ee kala saari Karin.

Biography

In opinion ee Nicholas Gerasimovitch Kuznetsova, waayo-aragnimo maamul markab aan si deg deg siiyo, waa in la helaa by socda Jidka badmaaxa. Taasi waxa ay bilowday mustaqbalkiisa meteoric wiil dhalinyaro ah oo ka soo jeeda gobolka tuulada Medvedkov jaaket ah. Future Admiral Kuznetsov dhuftay raxan ah muddo 15 sano ah, isagoo intaa ku daray in uu laba sano jir, wuxuu si iskeed ah, waayo, Dagaalkii Sokeeye. In 1919, wuxuu la diriray sida badmaaxa ah oo ku saabsan Markab Northern Dvina Cutubyo ka. Ka dib ka qalin Academy Naval iyo ka dib Academy ee sharaf, Kuznetsov diray si ay ugu adeegaan on Badda Madow Fleet. markab The "Red Ukraine" noqday badmaaxa dugsiga u ah, taas oo bilaabay sarkaalka post ee sagxad ah. Tan iyo 1933, wuxuu noqday taliyaha markab ah, shanta sano ee soo socda adeegga gudahood, markabka dabaal sida model ah oo tababar millatari, anshaxa, waxqabadka toogashada. Navy The bilaabay hadalka ku saabsan abuurista nidaam Kuznetsova, taas oo uu noqday habka diyaarinta ee maxkamadaha militariga oo dhan maraakiibta ee USSR. Oo sirkaalkii yaraa ee ku darajo wayn ugu horeysay ee 1935 waxaa lagu abaal Order ee Star Cas. In muddo adeegga on markab ku Kuznetsov horumarinta tabaha cusub ee qabashada dagaalka badda, ka warqaba muhiimada ay leedahay sahan hawada. In uu muran teori dhigayaa in dhexgalka oo dhan nooc oo ciidamada waa in la siiyo natiijo fiican in hawlgallada mileteri. Doorka ugu muhiimsan ee iyada diyaaradaha loo xilsaaray. In mustaqbalka, aragtida this aan la xaqiijiyay kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale sabab u Kuznetsov, ayaa badbaadiyey nolosha dad badan, samaynta gacan weyn ka guul ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ku Lugbuur ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida.

Spain

In 1936, hawlaha badmaax oo iskaa wax u qabso ee dagaalka ka dhanka ah fashiistaha ahaa gaarsiinta waqtiga iyo dejinta ee gargaar ka imanaya Midowga Soofiyeeti. Kuznetsov faraca ciidamada badda ee Spain, ku dhaqanka, waa aaminsanahay sax ah ee uu aragtida. Col maraakiibta gaadiidka diyaaradaha tiimbadeen habab si dekedaha, falalka ay si weyn u adkeeyay dheecaan, taas oo saameyn ku oolnimada of talaabo military. Kuznetsov abuuraa laan cusub - badda ee duulimaadyada, taas oo ku salaysan yahay in goobta dekedda iyo kada weerarada Xarakada cadowga. Waayo, shaqadan uu abaal Order "Red Banner" iyo "Lenin". ka Spain noqoshada ee 1937, Kuznetsov waxaa loo magacaabay ku xigeenka a ka dibna Chief of Fleet Pacific. Sharciga muhiimka ah, taas oo uu ka soo qaaday dagaalka ka socda Spain, waa diyaar joogta ah markab kasta oo raxan oo dhan.

ka hor dagaalka

In 30 sano USSR bilaabmin si ay u abuuraan a, raxan oo awood badan oo cusub, kaas oo la burburiyay intii uu dagaalka Ruush-Japanese ee 1904. Future Admiral Kuznetsov ee 1937 waxaa ka mid ahaa in amarka ka mid ah Chief of Golaha Military ee Navy ah, kaas oo la abuuray by Commissariat ah. At 34, isna wuxuu u noqday Shacabka ugu da'da yaraa ee commissar ee Navy ah. In ay soo gudbinta yarayd, aad uma soo maray, laakiin doonaya in ay laba ammaanta saraakiil hubka Ruush. Kuznetsov si toos ah u jideeyey, Stalin, waxa ay taasi adag tahay in ay ka shaqeeyaan. Taliyaha socday si ay u dhisaan raxan cusub ee maraakiibta waaweyn - dagaalka, Cruiser. Kuznetsov, on lid ku ah, ku adkeystay on sii daayo maraakiibta fasalada kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan sidayaal diyaaradaha. Waxa uu ku dooday oo amiir u ahaa baahida loo qabo in la abuuro diyaarad xeebta, awoodo in la sameeyo baaritaan deg deg ah iyo inuu hubiyo in dhaqdhaqaaqa si ammaan ah maraakiibta. Doorka muhiim xilsaaray tababarka Kuznetsov shaqaalaha ee ciidamada firfircoon si joogto ah u shaqeeyo xaaladaha dagaalka, rabitaanka markabka kasta weerar lama filaan ah. In muddo ah ka 1938 si ay u 1948 dugsiyo badan la furay si ay u abuuraan ah saraakiisha ciidamada badda aqoon iyo ragga baxriyiinta ah. Kuznetsov shakhsi booqday weel kasta, si loola socdo fulinta oo ka mid ah markabka iyo xeerarka edbinta, qiimeeyaan falalka maraakiibta ee layliga. By bilowgii dagaalka, inkastoo uu khilaaf la Stalin, commissar dadka dhallinyarada ah ee lagu sameeyo si ay u qabtaan dad badan oo ka mid ah fikradaha iyo abuuray a raxan Soviet dagaal-istaahila cusub.

War Great Patriotic

Warbixin TASS, iyagoo diidaya suurtagalnimada of weerar Jarmal on Midowga Soofiyeeti, wuxuu bilaabay inuu Kuznetsova call in ay tallaabo. Oo doonniyihiina way wada qalabaysan kaydka shidaalka, lagu qabtay inventory buuxda oo ka mid ah qaybaha iyo rasaas qalab, ayaa roondo ku xoogaystay iyo sirdoonka. Tan iyo May 1941 shaqaalaha fasaxa xeebta Reebay, waqti isku mid ah dagaalyahanada politpodgotovka xoojiyey. Bilowgii raxan gardarada Nazi kulmay dagaal buuxa diyaar, sidaas fogaado khasaare. Abuuray ka hor qorshe dagaal falalka ilaaliya biloowday on amar Kuznetsova aan faragelinta tooska ah ee Taliyaha. Barricading ee miinooyinka, biloowday quusta, diyaaradaha cadowga halaagnay on hab si meelaha Fleet. On June 24, waxaa jiray khatar ah oo ka xanibeen badan doonniyaha Navy Baltic ku amar uu jebiyey Kuznetsova in Kronstadt, taasoo ka dhigeysa dhiman. madaafiic Naval aad buu u caawiyey difaaca Leningrad iyo xoraynta ka go'doominta. baxriyiintii ayaa ka qeyb qaatay howl dalka, ka caawiyay inay ku Xidhaan, Armada ku faashistihii. Qarax of raxan Baltic ee August 1941 sababa dhowr weerar ballaaran on Berlin, iyagu ma keeni karo dhib weyn ay u qabto caasimada Jarmalka, laakiin niyaddooda kor ugu qaadayaan ciidamada our. Tan iyo 1944, oo ku saabsan amarrada Taliyaha Kuznetsov NG - Admiral of Fleet ah, title this waxaa la siiyaa markii ugu horeysay oo lacag Marshal ah.

natiijada

Active dagaal raxan Soviet ayaa keentay in khasaare badan oo cadowga. Fleet Admiral NG Kuznetsov shakhsi horumariyo dhammaan hawlaha ka socda ansixiyo ka dibna Taliyaha in Chief, ku simaha ee xoojinta joogto ah gacmo kale. Maraakiibta, quusta intii lagu jiray dagaalka halaagnay 1,200 unugyo (gaadiidka, ammaanka) cadowga. Navy Aviation in dagaallada dhulka iyo qarxay ka badan 5,000 oo diyaarad Jarmal. Isla mar ahaantaana, ciidamada Northern Fleet ku qaadeen ilaalinta iyo gaadiidka badeecadaha ka yimid wadamada huwanta. Boqollaal kun oo qof ayaa lagu soo qaaday jidka nolosha ee Leningrad la go'doomiyey, in ka badan 10 tan oo xamuul u dhiibay in magaalada gaajoonaya. On keeye halaagnay ka badan 200 markab oo cadowga. Fleet Admiral Kuznetsov ayaa la siiyay Order ee "Ushakov" 1 degree "Red Banner" iyo "Lenin". In ka badan 70 markab oo la siiyay horyaalka ee ilaalada, 513 badmaax noqday Heroes ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. Sida Taliyaha Ciidamada Badda Admiral ee Midowga Soofiyeeti Kuznetsov ka qayb gelidda shirarka caalamiga ah, shirarka iyo wada xaajoodka la xulafada.

dagaalka ka dib,

Ujeedada ugu weyn ee ciidamada badda ee nabadda ahaa dib u soo kabashada. Mashaariicda Dhismaha maraakiibta (oo ay ku jiraan sidayaal diyaaradaha) iyo horumarka ee ciidamada badda ee la soo bandhigay in Stalin shakhsi commissar. NG Kuznetsov, Admiral, dhigay caanka ah intii lagu jiray dagaalka, ayaa sheegay qorshayaasha iyo shuruudaha ay, taas oo inta badan waa u arkayo aragtida hoggaamiyaha. Sababtoo ah oo ka mid ah kala duwanaanshaha, iyo is-xaqnimo 1948, Kuznetsov ayaa lagu celiyay darajo ee Rear Admiral iyo ku dhawaad fadhiistay dekedda ah. Waxa uu ku qaatay lix bilood ah iyada oo aan adeeg, wadna xanuun, laakiin waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay shaqo bilowdo taliye ku-xigeenka oo ka mid ah ciidamada badda ee Bariga Fog ah. Waxay ahayd halkaas in uu helay darajo soo socda ku-xigeenka Admiral markii labaad. In 1951, on si shakhsi ahaaneed ee Stalin, wuxuu ku soo laabtay Moscow oo si buuxda u la dayactiray. horyaalka soo socda ee Admiral Kuznetsov helay sanadkii 1953, wuxuu si firfircoon uga qeyb ka ahaa shaqada oo doonaya dib u eegis barnaamijka Dhismaha maraakiibta.

saddex kol ayaad Admiral

Masiirka dheeraad ah Nikolaya Gerasimovicha ku xiran diinta raxan iyo iskaashi dhow la leh hay'adaha khuseeya iyo Academy of Sciences ee USSR ah waxay u suurtogelisay in la abuuro a quusta ku shaqeeya nuclear-. Waxa uu ku lifaaqan muhiimad weyn qalabaynta maraakiibta la gano. Waxay la dhigay in maraakiibtooda quusta iyo daadadku gaadiidka. Fikradda ah Abuuridda of sidayaal diyaaradaha iyo ma helin ay xaqiijinta ilaa 1972, markii la Yeedhiyaa by baahida loo qabo in la eego "dagaal qabow" Maraykanka. Adkaysi Kuznetsova ka caawiyay barnaamijka ee casriyeynta ee raxan ah, laakiin waxa ay xoojiyeen xidhiidhka ay la leeyihiin ugu weyn ee Kooxaha talada haya. Under Khrushchev, Kuznetsov Admiral mar kale ayaa la celiyay. Uu xanuun ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah in ay isaga ka post ee taliyaha guud ee ciidamada badda ee ka saar, oo dhab ahaantii laga saaro kiiska, oo uu ku Nagi nolosha oo dhan. Laakiin midhaha hawshiinna oo uu iminka natiijooyin - xambaara dayuuradaha Admiral Kuznetsov ayaa la dhisay. Hawlgab Kuznetsov qoray badan oo ku saabsan Ciidamada badda ee ay, turjumaadaha suugaanta shisheeye iyo qiimeeyo guul iyo guul darro. Wuxuu on December 6, 1974 dhintay, oo waxaa lagu aasay Qabuuraha Novodevichy ee Moscow. markii saddexaad ahaa Admiral of Kuznetsov Fleet ah uu dhintay ka dib, horyaalka soo noqday sanadkii 1988 cadaadis ka asxaabta iyo qoyska uu Nikolaya Gerasimovicha.

side The diyaaradaha Admiral Kuznetsov

In 1982, ee kaydka ah deked markab Badda Madow shanaad markab culus la dul saarin geedka. Uu sharraxaa waxaa loogu talagalay guriga, caga iyo qaadan-off of diyaaradaha Su iyo MiG ee. Laga bilaabo waqtiga la dhigin ee doonnida ilaa dhamaadka dhamaan noocyada baaritaan, wuxuu lahaa afar magacyada: "Riga", "Leonid Brezhnev", "Tbilisi". Oo kaliya sanadkii 1990 markabka ahayd inuu qaado magaca "Soviet Union Fleet Admiral Kuznetsov". Markabka ayaa la bilaabay sannadkii 1985, ayaa sii waday in ay ku dhameysato dhismaha sabaysiin karto, qalabaynta iyo hubaynta. In 1989, markabka isagoo istaagay, iyo doonniyawadayaashaada bilaabeen tijaabinta sifooyinka runways. Su-25, Su-27, mig 29 ayaa si guul ah ula qabsanay hawsha, ka dibna wareejiyay dekedda markab faa'iido for dhammaystirka.

qalabka

side The diyaaradaha Admiral Kuznetsov, waxaa la hoos geliyey dhowr reconstructions. radar, navigation, hub Its elektarooniga ah waa in si joogto ah la casriyeeyay. Markabka of size this iyo fasalka waa mid aad u adag tahay in la badalo oo qaali in ay sii heegan, laakiin waa ilaa maalintii la joogo in adeegga, waajib ka kooban yahay Northern Fleet ah. Its barakaca (ugu badnaan) waa 61 m, oo dhererkeedu wuxuu -. 306 m, width -. 71 m. Dhererka - 65 mitir, qabyada ah ugu badnaan -. 10 m Sida loo isticmaalo pyatilopastnye propulsor afar boolal in lagu bixiyaa dhaqdhaqaaqa naaftada-danab (6), marawaxadaha shiilayo (4) iyo matoorrada marawaxadaha (9). Hub ciidan ka kooban gantaalada "Granit", "Dirk", "seeftii", qoryaha lidka diyaaradaha AK-630, bambooyin RBU ASW. Kooxda duulista aasaasiga ah waxaa ka mid ah konton diyaaradaha iyo diyaaradaha qumaatiga u kaca.

horumarinta

Si aad u taariikhda, xambaara dayuuradaha Admiral Kuznetsov ah, waa markabka weyn ee noocan ah. analogues Its aan la soo saaray qorshe Navy rajo jihada this qarsoodi ah. Laakiin hogaanka Ruush Navy casriga ah waxay aqoonsan tahay xaqiiqda ah in ay dhab ahaan N. G. Kuznetsovym 50 sano ka hor, horumarinta mashruuca weli waa khuseeya maanta. Waxaa suurto gal ah in sidayaal diyaarad cusub, kuwaas oo si dhakhso ah on shipyards casriga ah waa la dhigi doonaa inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha casriga ah. Tani waxay khusaysaa hub iyo matoorada markabka labadaba. Maraakiibta New hoos amarka admirals dhallinyarada ka adkaan doonaa waasicinnay ee badda, iyo si ay u muujiyaan dunida xoogga hub Ruush, laakiin illoobin oo ku saabsan dadka ku qoray bogagga ugu horreeya ee buugga this, muhiim ma aha.