Heshiiska Munich 1938 - khiyaanay ama qalad ah? story

maalin dayrta ee guriga ay deggan of Adolf Hitler, German Chancellor Führerbau ururiyey marti sharaf kale. Natiijada ma aha mid aad u dheer wada xaajoodka ahaa wax-u ah Heshiiska Munich (1938). Khiyaamooyinka ama qalad - wixii ka? Ilaa iyo hadda, taariikhyahan ka yimid dalalka kala duwan oo ku doodi ku saabsan arrintan, iyo sidoo kale wakiilo siyaasadeed ee danaha gobolka ee sayniska way kala duwan yihiin, mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa ku adkeystay. culimada reer galbeedka faa'iido u gudbiyo nooc ka mid ah kormeer Daladier iyo Chamberlain. Well, oo wuxuu isku halleeyaa, waxay ahaayeen ka sii oo dhan, oo sirreyda ah Hitler iyaga khiyaameeyay. Laakiin waxa dhacay? Waa maxay heshiiska ugu fiican Munich 1938? Khiyaamooyinka ama qalad? Or danbi?

version The Western ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida

Ka dib burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti, laakiin halkii ay hore u sannadihii la soo dhaafay ee jiritaankeeda, in dunida suugaanta military-taariikheed muuqday sheegidii ugu horraysay ee dhacdooyinka dahsoon oo horreeyey weerar Hitler. Waxaa intaa dheer, ka gees ah asalka ah ee looga baahan yahay si ay u declassify qoraalka buuxa ee heshiis aan gardarada ah u saxiixay by Molotov iyo Ribbentrop in August 1939, ujeedada ah halbeegyada tayada si cad filan daabacadahan ahayd in si dhib u dhexeeya Nazi Germany iyo Stalin ee USSR qaybi ka dillaacay ee dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. Si dhakhso ah, ayaa waxa lagaga in la sameeyo dad dheeraad ah qosli. Arrinka ugu weyn ee ku dhow si cad u sheegay in doorka midowga Soviet oo Hitler ahaa, halkii, dhibanaha ah ee aan waxba galabsan. Sida dalalka kale ee dagaalka, iyaga waxaa la jiray waxay ahayd sidii ay si cad arrintan la xiriira. France dhibanayaasha, si lama filaan ah ugu soo wareegto dhiibay Keitel, dhuftay Liibaanay. Britain, sida ku soo biiray 1944 America, horseeday dagaal xaq ah xorriyadda iyo dimuqraadiyadda. Poland oon dambi hoos ciribtir ee Ciidanka Cas iyo Wehrmacht ku dhacay, ka labada dhinac ku dhuftay.

Taasi waa fasiraadda dhacdooyinka, taariikhda taariikhda of August 23, 1939. Waa maxay iyada? Maxaa yeelay, haddii si caqli ah ka tegid heshiisyada ka hor, version muuqataa qalanta, macquul ah oo cad. Waxay ahayd qalad Stalin ee. Well, weli, dabcan, Hitler. Sidaas, kaliya wax yar. xiqiijiyay oo dhan uu bilaabo inuu u qadimeen, haddii aan dib ugu yeeran dhacdooyinkii sanadkii hore, kuwaas oo Heshiiska Munich ee 1938 Khiyaamooyinka ama Nacaabuda waxay ahayd, in aanu kiiska this macno ah ma. Muhiim waa uun xaqiiqooyinka.

asalka ah been abuurtay

xaqiiqooyinka ahaayeen sida soo socota: in Sudetenland ah, qayb ka mid ah Czechoslovakia, Jarmalka noolaa - saddex milyan iyo badh dadka. iyaga ka sokow, waxaa jiray in ka badan toban million Czech iyo line awood deyrka lahaa oo dalka difaaca, dhinaca Germany u soo jeestay. Sida Czechoslovakia, dalka ayaa samaysay industry this, gaar ahaan maqsinka, oo waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay siyaabo badan, ma ugu yaraan in Europe, oo ay ku jiraan awoodda ciidamada qalabka sida. Oo xaaladaha sida aan waa mid aad u wanaagsan Hitler go'aansadeen in ay si wadajir ah u yeelaan Sudetenland la in dhammaan waxa ku jira. Ka dibna la qorsheeyay in lagu soo qabto iyo inta kale ee Czechoslovakia oo dhan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ay ku saabsan in aysan qofna u sheegin, markii uu saxiixay heshiiska Munich ee 1938. Waxaa, dhab ahaantii, ma aysan weydiin qof. Sidaas daraaddeed waxaa wada baxay.

dheelitirka awoodda

Chancellor Jarmal loo isticmaalo farsamo ku dhex Bluff ciyaartoyda kaarka loo yaqaan. kaliya uu sheegay in uu diyaar u yahay inuu u isticmaalaan ciidamada, haddii uu ma siin doono ilaa Sudetenland ay si nabad ah oo si iskood ah ahaa. Dhab ahaantii, waxaa macquul ah ee this ee Nazi Germany ma ahaa. Waqtigaas, iman kara abaabulka Jarmal ahaa 37 kooxihii ka dhanka ah 36 Czech, laakiin soohdinta galbeedna of Reich ku kiiskan, hadhay galmo. Waa in la dhasha maskaxda ku haysaa in weerar guul oo dhan Buzadag military, Weeraryahanka u baahan yahay ugu yaraan Fadilmo ah saddex-laab. A qalcad Sudeten ahaayeen caqabad aad u daran. Aan ku sameeyey this Neville Chamberlain? Or Sirdoonka Ingiriiska (British kuwaas oo ay isu yihiin weyneeyo oo aad u jeclaan) hadiyadda ah kibis ku cunaya?

Waxa intaa dheer in la wafajiyey ee qiyaas tiro ee Czechoslovakia dayrta ee 1938 waxay lahayd faa'ido ee hubka. dalka qabtay meel keentay on dhoofinta articles difaaca, iyo taangiyada (ka dib qabtay Jarmalka) tiriyaa boqolkiiba weyn oo ka mid ah ciidamada taangiga Jarmal ee June 1941.

gor

Maraykanka oo u saxiixay Heshiiska Munich ee, ku guuldareystay in ay gaaraan tanaasul. From Germany - Adolf Hitler, ka Italy - Benito Mussolini. Tani waa mid ka mid ah kooxda. Maanta waxaan wada ognahay in soddon jirka goor dambe, waxay joogeen dalalkaas gumaysiga faashistihii. Markaas, 1938, waxa kale oo aan ahaa qarsoodiga. Iyo dhinaca kale ah, oo wakiil ka ah ciidamada dimuqraadi ah? Edouard Daladier - From London uu si Neville Chamberlain, iyo Paris yimid. Wax kasta! wakiilada Soviet lahaa ayaan weli la weydiiyey, laakiin tani ma aha la yaab leh. Qalaad kale - oo aan lagu martiqaaday, iyo sidoo kale madaxweynaha Czechoslovak Edvard Benes. Indeed, halka uu halkaan ila jiray?

booska Poland ee

Waxaa sugan, War World Labaad - bogga ugu naxdin leh ee taariikhda Poland. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sanad ka hor inta uusan ku dhicin hoos ciribtir ee Wehrmacht dalka this noolaa ma daryeeli oo ku saabsan xoojinta xuduudaha u gaar ah - ayay xitaa u suurtagashay in ay iyaga ballaariyo! Isla markii shaqo ee Jarmalka Sudetenland ah, Poles Yimaadeen ballantaas ay ku Prague, macnaha oo guud ahaan soo noqnoqda Heshiiska Munich ee. Si kooban waxaa loo diyaariyey karaa sida looga baahan yahay in ay sii daayaan gobolka Cieszyn. Sug jawaabta oo mana ay dhaqaaqay ciidamada ay goobta, taas oo ah laba boqol iyo siddeetan kun oo degganaa waxay ahaayeen Poles qowmiyadaha. Later, Churchill wici lahaa falalkaan "waraabe damac."

Yaad "Qancinta" Hitler

Nuxurka Heshiiska Munich waa mid fudud: Britain iyo France ayaa waajib ku ah in Czechoslovakia in ay samaynayaan tanaasulaad dhul, cudurdaarna Hitler. Chamberlain, imaanaya London, ruxmay document la saxiixay oo balan qaaday nabad waarta. Ilaa hadda sida uu ahaa daacad ah, lagu kalsoonaan karo aadanaha marna noqon doonaa, laakiin wararka la isla dhexmarayo oo ku saabsan arrintan ay suurtogal tahay. Xaqiiqada ah in dulinka mooshin caalamka proclivities militarist Germany loo diray bariga, oo waa guud ahaan ku qanacsan siyaasiyiinta reer galbeedka. Rajaynaynaa in urta faa'iido, oo amiir u Nazi in ay is dajiyaan, waxa uu noqon lahaa mid aad u arinku, xataa Chamberlain iyo Daladier. dheel dheel ah Polish ma ceebayn Madaxweynaha Faransiiska iyo Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Britain, iyo Hitler ma muhiimad iyaga, oo garanaya in kiis kasta waxa uu heli doonaa ma aha oo kaliya gobolka Těšín ah. Sida Benito Mussolini, wuxuu si fudud u Munich "taageero kale" yimid.

natiijooyinka

Germany ayaa gaari ay gool. Jarmalka ayaa helay warshado-teknoolojiyad sare leh qalabka iyo takhasuska, cayriin saldhig wax, xuduudaha furan, wax garad qalcad ah mid qaali ah, iyo tiro badan oo ah wax soo saarka difaaca diyaar-dhigay - ka qoryaha (malaayiin) in taangiyada, ma ugu casri ah, dabcan, laakiin sidoo kale in Wehrmacht markii ay ahaayeen ma fiican.

Dadwaynaha dareenka waddani ee Poland. iman kara warshadaha ee dalka (inta badan qodniinka-) isku mar kordhay ku dhowaad kala bar, oo waa la gaadhay iyada oo aan khasaaro kasta.

Czechoslovakia badiyay badan. Haddaba, ma cadda sababta Benes ku Lillaahi ugu dhaqma oo ma siin si ay isku difaacaan. Laakiin waxaa jiray qof, oo waxay waxba ahayn. Hitler shakhsi mahad xoojinta Sudeten, garashada in ay weerar noqon lahaa qamaar ah. Field Marshal Keitel Maxkamad ku Nuremberg, ayaa sheegay in Wehrmacht dhib ku guuleysan karo ciidanka Czechoslovak 1938 at xaaladda hadda ka dibna. Oo hadday dhexgalay kiiska dalalka saddexaad (France, Britain, Midowga Soofiyeeti), dagaalka si deg deg ah loo soo afjaro lahaa adkaado Germany. Laakiin waxan oo dhan ma aysan dhicin ...

Micnaha ay manipulations maanta

Sidaas waxa uu ahaa heshiiskii Munich ee 1938? "Khiyaamooyinka, ama qalad?" - su'aashan ma ahaa mid aad muhiim u hadda, ka dib markii ku dhowaad todobo sano ee, haddii aan qaar ka mid ah dhinacyada sharciyeed. Dagaalka ka dib, heshiisyada caalamiga ah ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey xukuma mabaadi'da qalabka Yurub iyo caalamka. Iyada oo Midowga Soofiyeeti jiray, ninna yimid madaxiisa inay dib u eegaan natiijooyinka shirarka ee Yalta iyo aabbo galay, laakiin ka dib markii 1991-kii waxaa uu ahaa isku dhac sharci la yaab leh. Mid ka mid ah heshiisyada, ka qaybgalayaasha baxday, oo meeshiisiina waxaa loo qaaday by Russia madax banaan, iyo iska caabin jirrabaadda u tuso iyada sheegashada qaar ka mid ah, laga yaabee, our "saaxiibo galbeedka" guuldareystay. Halkan ka dibna waxaan soo xusuusnaa ku saabsan lifaaqyada qarsoodi ah 1939 sano oo kale insidiousness Iosifa Stalina. Laakiin abbaaraha 1938 Munich illoobay. Waxaa laga yaabaa in absentmindedly ...