Battalion Haweenka dhimasho ee dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. Taariikhda guutada haweenka

Haweenka Dhimashada Guutada ee Dagaalkii Adduunka (sawiro laga heli karaa maqaalka), waxaa uu ahaa Emaraadka ee Dawladda Ku-meelgaarka ah. Mid ka mid ah fikrada ugu weyn ee ay abuurka ahaa M. Bochkarev. battalion Haweenka dhimasho ee dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka waxaa la abuuray si kor loogu qaado niyadda oo ka mid ah askartii, oo nin oo diiday in ay si hor tagaan.

Maria Bochkareva

Tan iyo 1914, waxayna ka mid ahayd hore la darajo ah sarkaal aan u wakiishay kuwaas oo helay xal ugu sareeya. Iyadoo loo geesinimo by 1917 th Maria Bochkareva noqday arrin caan ah. Soo gaaray bishii April in Front Galbeed Rodzyanko gaaray kulan shakhsi, iyada oo leh, ka dibna soo qabtay iyadii iyaga Petrograd for olole loogu talagalay la dagaalanka "ilaa guul" in ciidamada ciidankii iyo ergooyinka oo ka mid ah Congress of Soviet Petrograd ah. In uu hadalka Bochkareva Yimaadeen soo jeedinta ah si ay u sameeyaan guuto haweenka dhimashada. In dagaalka, ayay tidhi, waa dhismaha ahaa mid aad u lagama maarmaan ah. Ka dib markii in iyadu ayaa lagu casuumay in ay kulanka ka hadasho Dowladda Ku-meelgaarka ah.

unit formation DULUCDA

Intii lagu guda jiray haweenka adduunka First da'da ah oo dhan - iskuulka, ardayda gabar iyo wakiillo ka socda qeybaha kale ee bulshada - si iskood ah u baxay inuu ka hor ah. The "Bulletin ee Laanqeyrta Cas" ee 1915, waxaa jiray sheekada mid ahaa 12 gabdhood oo u dagaalamayeen in Carpathians ah. Waxay ahaayeen 14-16 sano jir. In dagaallada ugu horeysay ee labada dugsiyada ayaa ku dhintay iyo 4 ku dhaawacmeen. Askarta in aragti aabanimo in gabdhaha. Waxay iyaga ka qaaday in qaab baray toogashada ah oo ka dibna u diiwaan hoos magacyada lab sida darajo iyo file. Maxaa ka dhigay naagood oo wanaagsan-raadinta, dhallinyarada, hodan yihiin ama sharafta leh, si indho la'aan ah ku galay joogtada ah ee ciidamada? Dukumentiyada iyo xusuus farta sababo badan. iyaga ka mid ah Chief, dabcan, waxay ahayd rabitaan degdeg ah a waddani. Wuxuuna daboolay oo dhan bulshada Ruush. dareen in wadaniyada iyo waajibaadka keentay dumar badan oo in la beddelo ka dhisan ay xarrago leh oo ku saabsan dharka ama kalkaaliyayaasha dharka. Waxaa sidoo kale muhim ahaayeen iyo duruufaha qoyska. Qaar ka mid ah haweenka u baxay inuu ka hor ay nimankooda, dadka kale, barashada ku saabsan dhimashada, waxay ku biireen safafka ciidanka reer aargoosi. kaalin gaar ah ayaa lagu ciyaaray by iyo horumarinta dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda loo siman yahay inuu la jiro ragga. Kacaanka 1917 waxaa la siiyey fursado badan oo loogu tala galay dumarka. Waxay heshay xuquuqda doorashada oo kale. All of this ayaa ka qayb qaatay amarada askarta, taas oo ka koobnayd oo gebi ahaanba haweenka. In guga iyo xagaaga ee 1917 bilaabeen inay sameeyaan qayb ka mid ah dalka oo dhan. Horeba ka magaca, waxa uu ahaa cad waxa guuto haweenka ee dhimashada. In dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, dumarka ay diyaar u siin noloshooda dalkooda. On racfaanka Botchkareva jawaabay in qaar ka mid ah 2,000 oo gabdho. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kaliya 300 oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa loo doortay in guuto haweenka ee dhimashada. In Dagaalkii Adduunka, "Ciidamada lama filaan ah" tusay waxa ay yihiin gabar Ruush awood. Ay talaabo geesinimo leh, ay ku xujeeysay oo dhan askartii ku lugta leh dagaalka.

Guutada of Death Haweenka: taariikhda abuurka

Batalyon waxaa la aasaasay muddo gaaban. In 1917, 21 June, at Cathedral St. Isxaaq xaflad weyn oo lagu qabtay on square ah. Waxay heshay dhismaha ciidan cusub oo calanka cad. June 29 ansixiyey xeerarkiisa. Waxa uu abuurayaa hab loogu talagalay formation of unugyada military oo ka mid ah mutadawiciinta dhaddig. Sidaas waxa qoray wargayska taxane ah oo "ka dacay lama filaan ah" wakiilada qaybaha kala duwan ee bulshada. Tusaale ahaan, Botchkareva ku adjutant ahayd gabadhii guud 25-sano jir ah ayaa Maria Skrydlova. Waxay lahaa waxbarasho heer sare oo gartay shan luqadood.

Haweenka Dhimashada Guutada ee Dagaalkii Adduunka ee ka koobnayd dumarka ka adeegi jirtay unugyada safka hore, iyo muwaadiniinta caadiga ah. Ka mid ah dambe waxay ahaayeen noblewomen, shaqaalaha, macallimiinta, ardayda gabar. anoo addoonkaaga ah ridayeen Simple gabdhaha of sharaf qoyska caanka ah, xaaskiisa askari ee, Cossacks - iyaga iyo kuwo kale oo badan sii socdeen si ay ugu adeegaan guutada in haweenka ee dhimashada. History of abuurka Botchkareva bilaabay waqti adag. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waxay ahayd wadadii uu u midoobaan koox koox askar iyo gabdhaha magaalooyinka kale. Asal ahaan, marka la eego dumarka Ruush galay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa suurto gal ahayd in ay la kulmaan iyo wakiillo ka socda dalal kale. Sayidka, sida uu waraaqaha, Istooniyaan, Latvia, Yuhuudda oo u tegey si ay ugu adeegaan guutada in haweenka ee dhimashada.

History of unugyada waxay muujinaysaa wadaninimada sare jinsi quruxsan. Part bilaabay si ay u sameeyaan in Kiev, Smolensk, Kharkov, Mariupol, Baku, Irkutsk, Odessa, Poltava, Vyatka iyo magaalooyin kale. Sida ilo ku, wax badan oo ka mid ah gabdhaha kaliya saxiixay up for guuto naagaha ugu horeysay ee dhimashada. In Dagaalkii Adduunka ciidan lahaa dadka ka mid ah oo u dhexeeya 250 iyo 1,500 oo qof. On October 1917 ay la aasaasay: Kooxda Marine, xulka ilaaliye Minsk, Petrograd awr Ciidankii, iyo sidoo kale Petrograd koowaad, Moscow Second, guutada haweenka Cuba Saddexaad ee dhimashada. In Dagaalkii Adduunka (taariikh ka marag furaa in this) ku lug oo kaliya saddex koob ee ugu danbeysay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, habka sii kordhaya ee burburinta Empire Ruush ah, formation of qaybo aan la dhameystirin.

aragtida dadweynaha

taariikhyahan Ruush Solntseva qoray in Soofiyeedku iyo mass ee askartii halkii xun gartay guuto haweenka dhimashada. In dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, si kastaba ha ahaatee, amarka ahayd arrin door muhiim ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, comments veterans badan oo aad u soo dhiciyo oo ku saabsan gabdhaha. Horraantii July, Soviet Petrograd ka dalbaday inay joojinaa dhammaan guuto. Ayaa sheegay in qayb ka mid ah "nacay waajib". Intaa waxaa dheer, Soviet Petrograd u arkaa formation of kooxahan sida "dhaqdhaqaaq ganacsade qarsoon" sida u jecel yihiin inay keenaan dagaalka inay ku guuleystaan.

battalion Haweenka dhimasho ee dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka: photo, hawlaha

In ciidankii reer Botchkareva uu yimid on June 27 1917. tiro unit ahayd 200 oo qof. battalion dhimasho Female gaaray qayb ka mid ah gadaal ka mid ah Siberian Corps ugu horeysay ee Ciidamada 10aad furinta galbeed. 9 ka mid ah weerar July la diyaariyey. The 7-dii lugta Ciidankii, kaas oo ka mid ahaa guuto haweenka dhimashada, galay amarka. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa in ay qaataan meel in Kreva. Dhanka garabka midig ee ciidankii uu ahaa guuto ka dacay lama filaan ah. Waxay ugu horeysay soo galay sida cadowga, kuwaas oo ogaa oo ku saabsan qorshaha ciidanka Ruush, hayso shaqo joojinta-galleen, tegey meesha uu ciidamada.

In 14 weerar cadowga waxaa laga soo qoray in ka badan saddex maalmood. Dhowr jeer inta lagu jiro waqtigan guuto leh u dhaqmaan xilli counter-attack. Sidaas darteed, ciidamada Jarmal ayaa ka eryay jagooyinka ay maalin ka hor qabsadeen. In uu warbixin u Colonel Zakrzewski qoray in guuto haweenka dhimashada ee Dagaalkii Adduunka heroically dhaqantay, iyagoo si joogto ah safka hore. Gabdhaha u adeegi jireen iyo sidoo kale askartii, oo ay weheliyaan iyaga waxaa la jiray. Marka Jarmalka weeraray, kulligood way wada yaaceen inay miiska, galay sahaminta, gulufyadii saxaarad. battalion Haweenka dhimasho ee dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka ahaa tusaale ka mid ah geesinimada, dejinta iyo geesinimada. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah halyeeyo ka mid ah gabdhaha istaahila in darajadana ku xiga ee Soldier ciidanka kacaan Ruush. Sida ay ka markhaati fureen Bochkareva 170 haween askari oo ka qayb qaatay dagaalka, 30 qof ayaa la dilay 70 kalena lagu dhaawacay. Waxay ahayd toogtay shan jeer keligeed. Ka dib bil iyo bar ah dagaalka Bochkareva jiray isbitaalka. Waayo, qaybgalka dagaallada iyo geesinimo, iyada waxaa la siiyay darajo ee Sarreeye labaad.

Cawaaqib xumada lumista

Sabab u tahay tirada badan oo dhintay iyo ku dhaawacmay ee dagaalka ku gabdhaha, General Kornilov, uu saxiixay amar ka mamnuucaya formation of kooxood cusub dhimasho ay ka qayb qaataan dagaalka. amarada jira qoondeeyey oo keliya shaqo ah kaabayaal ah. Gaar ahaan, waxay ku jiray ee la baray si ay u siiyaan ammaanka, isgaarsiinta, fal sida kooxaha nadaafada. Sidaas darteed, haweenka-iskaa wax badan oo diyaar u yihiin in ay u dagaalamaan dalkooda gacmo, arjiga oo qoraal ah, kaas oo ku jira codsi in la eryo xulka dhimashada.

anshaxa

Waxa ay ahayd adag ku filan. Haweenka Dhimashada Guutada ee Dagaalkii Adduunka aan tusay keliya tusaale u ah geesinimo iyo wadaninimo. The mabaadiida aasaasiga ah ayaa la naadiyey:

• Nasiib wanaag, xoriyadda iyo sharaf of hooyo ee.
• Samir iyo adkaanta rumaysadkiinna iyo ruuxa.
• Speed, dulqaadasho, sax ah oo sax in fulinta amarada.
• dabeecad halis ah in ay ka shaqeeyaan on the lines hore iyo daacadnimo ay jariiradu.
• Nadaafad, roonaan, saaxiibtimo, xushmad, farxad.
• Ixtiraam fikradaha dadka kale.
• Trust in kasta oo kale.
• Abtirsan.

Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa cadaawad shakhsi aan la aqbali karin iyo dirir.

togan

battalion Haweenka dhimashada ee World First, ma aha oo kaliya ka qeyb galay dagaallada. "Haweenka The askari" ay awoodaan in ay ka adkaadaan xirfad lab. Tusaale ahaan, Princess Shahovskaya - horeysay naag-pilot dunida ee. In Germany sanadkii 1912, iyada waxaa soo saartay ruqsada tijaabo ah ee. Waxaa, garoonka diyaaradaha Yohannistal, ayay soo shaqeeyay in muddo ah sida macallin. Bilowga dagaalka Shahovskaya cabteen inuu u diro sida tijaabo ah military ee hore. gooyo siiyo codsiga, iyo in November 1914 Princess la tixgalinayo la darajo ah calan ee kooxda ugu horeysay ee duulimaadyada. Tusaale kale duwanyihiin waa Elena Samson. Waxay ahayd gabadhii injineer military, la bilad dahab ah ka dugsiga sare iyo koorsooyin Peretburge qalin. isbitaalka ee Warsaw Samson shaqeeyay sidii kalkaaliye caafimaad. Ka dib markii in, iyada waxaa ku qoran sida darawalka in ciidanka 9, hore koonfur-galbeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyada ayaa waxaa u adeegi jireen muddo dheer - in ku dhow afar bilood, ka dibna soo diray in Moscow. Ka hor inta dagaalka Samsonov helay shahaadada ee tijaabada ah. In 1917, ayay loo diray 26 askartii duulista.

Ilaalinta dawladda Ku-meelgaarka ah

Mid ka mid ah "Guutooyin lama filaan ah" (Petrograd First hoos amarka gloss Captain) la arday iyo qeybaha kale ee October 1917 ka qeyb qaatay ilaalinta Palace Winter ah. October 25, unit in xarun u ahaan jiray saldhiga Levashov, wuxuu lahaa si ay u tagaan on hore ee dalka Romania. Laakiin maalintii Loskovym hor helay amar in qayb ka mid ah "dabaaldega" in Petrograd diro. Dhab ahaantii waxaa loogu tala galay in ay hubiso ilaalinta ee dowladda ku meelgaarka ah.

Glosses bartay oo ku saabsan dhibaatada dhabta ah iyo ma doonayaan in ay ku lug keceen uu muran siyaasadeed. Waxa uu dib u guuto Levashovo keenay marka laga reebo 2 shirkadaha tirintii 137 oo qof. Iyada oo laba xarunta Batalyankii lama filaan ah degmada Petrograd isku dayay in uu fuliyo taararka macdantu, Nicholas Palace iyo buundooyinka. Laakiin hawshan waxaa carqaladeeyey badmaax sovietized. The haray shirkadda ka dacay lama filaan ah waxa uu ku yaalaa dhinaca midigta ee iridda ugu weyn ee dabaqa dhulka ee madaxtooyada ka. Habeenkii ayay bixiyey weerarka, uu hubka. Gabdhaha loo qaaday xeryaha of Pavlovsky ugu horeysay, ka dibna Ciidankii Grenadier ah. Sida ay sheegayaan wararka qaar ka mid ah, tiro ka mid ah ka dacay lama filaan ah "ulama ay dhaqmin". Ka dibna, guddi gaar ah ee Golaha City Petrograd uu go'aamiyey in afar gabdhood ayaa la kufsaday (in kasta oo ay u badan tahay dhowr ahaayeen xitaa diyaar u qiran), oo ka mid ismiidaamin ah ka go'an. October 26 sumoobay shirkad dib u Levashovo.

kooxood badanoo

Ka dib dhammaadka Kacaanka Oktoobar, dowlada cusub ee Soviet qaatay siyaasad ee nabad ku samaynaya, iyo dalka ka mid ah dagaalka. Intaa waxaa dheer, oo qayb ka ah ciidamada uu ula jeedo tirtiridda Army Imperial ee. Sidaas darteed, oo dhan "Ciidamada lama filaan ah" ayaa kala diray. Guutooyin ayaa kala diray November 30, 1917 by si Golaha Military ku leedahay wasaaradda hore. Inkasta oo wax yar ka hor ay dhacdo waxaa la amray in la soo saaro dhamaan unugyada iskaa wax u qabso ka qayb inay ka adeegaan dagaalka ee askarta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tiro badan oo ah haweenka askari, gabdhaha ku hadhay diyaargarowga ilaa January 1918 iyo wixii ka dambeeya. Qaar ka mid ah haweenka u dhaqaaqay Don ah. Oo iyana waxay halkaas ka qayb qaatay firfircoon dagaalka ka dhanka ah Bolsheviks ee madaxda sare ee ciidamada Cad. The ee la soo dhaafay qaybo ka haray Kuban ahaa guutada saddexaad ee dhimashada. Waxa uu ku sugan Ekaterinodar. Saamaynta ay kala diray oo kaliya in ay 26 February 1918. Sababta ahaa diidmada ah shaqaalaha gobolka Caucasus si loo hubiyo in unit sahayda sii.

Appearance iyo qaabka

Haweenka la adeegaya in guutada Botchkareva on chevrons xirto by dabeecadda "Adam madaxa." Waxay, sida askarta oo kale, qaaday baaritaan caafimaad. Sida rag, dumar jareen timaha ku dhowaad bidaarta. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, ka qaybgalka haweenka ee daniiste helay markii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda dabeecadda a mass. In ciidanka Ruush hore waxa uu ahaa in ka badan 25,000 oo haween ah iskaa wax u qabso. dareenka waddaninimo iyo Dhawrsada Fatherland ah, ayaa horseeday badan oo iyaga ka mid ah inay ka shaqeeyaan. Joog ciidanka bedelay himiladooda.

Gebogebadii

Baahnayn in la sheego, marka guuto naagaha ugu horeysay ee doorka gaarka ah waxaa iska lahaa Kerensky. Eebe waa kan ugu horreeya si ay u taageeraan fikirka ah. In cinwaanka Kerensky ayaa heshay tiro badan oo baryada iyo telegrams ka haween oo doonayay in ay ku biiraan qeybo ka mid ah. Waxa uu sidoo kale helay daqiiqo ee shirarka iyo qoraalada kala duwan. In waraaqaha oo dhan ku tusaysaa werwerka ay dumarka dheeraad ah aayaha dalka, iyo sidoo kale rabitaan ah si loo ilaaliyo hooyo, si loo ilaaliyo xorriyadda dadka. Waxay rumaysan yahay in sii aan firfircooneyn waxaa u dhiganta ceeb. Haweenka doondoonay ciidanka, hogaaminayo oo kaliya jaceylka dalka, waxay doonayaan waa in kor loo qaado niyadda askarta. Main Department of Staff Guud ee komishanka gaar ah oo ku saabsan adeegyada shaqada ayaa la sameeyay. Isla mar ahaantaana xarunta dhexe ee degmooyinka ciidamada ay bilaabeen dadaal ay u soo jiitaan dumarka mutadawiciin ciidanka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa dumarku jecel yihiin ahaa sidaas u weyn in dalka uu ahaa la ruxruxo uunka oo lama filaan ah ururada military.