Dhaqanka, taariikhda, dhaqanka iyo dadka reer Slovakia. Dadka Slovakia: tirada, sifooyinka iyo shaqada

Slovakia - Power, oo ku yaalla bartamaha Yurub. Caasimadda ah ee Slovakia - Bratislava. Tirada dadka ee caasimada ku saabsan yahay 470 kun oo qof. Dalku ma ahan maydhay badaha, iyo kuwa dariska yihiin Poland, Hungary, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Austria. degaanka ee gobolka waa 49 000 km ^2, oo dhererka xuduudaha - 1524 km.

Taariikhda A kooban oo ka mid ah gobolka

History of Slovakia (dadka horay u ku noolaa dalalka) bilaabay horraantii Paleolithic ah, waxa ay leedahay a dagaalladii shiidaa joogto ah. In BC qarnigii VI ah. e. dalalkan oo qabsaday guuto Roman, laakiin ka dib markii dayrta ee boqortooyadiisa ka meeshoodii yimid Goths iyo bulshada Jarmal. Waxa ay ahayd oo kaliya u dhow bilowgii qarnigii IX qabiilooyinka Slavic degeen ee dalka, taas oo la aasaasay ee Monaco ee Nitra oo ku biiray si Hungary ee.

In qarniyadii XI-XIV Slovakia qayb ka mid ah boqortooyada Hungary ahaa. In 1526, markii Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda lagu afgembiyey by Kingdom Hungarian, Slovakia biiray Boqortooyada Roomaanka. Ilaa 1918 oo qayb ka ah Austria-Hungary ahaa. Waxa ay ahayd oo kaliya 1938 Slovakia ayaa noqday Jamhuuriyad xor ah, laakiin waxa uu ahaa gacanta Jarmal. Communists in ay awood u yimid ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. In 1998, xisbiga shuuciga ee lagu afgembiyey.

madax bannaan Slovakia

Golaha Qaranka Slovak ee July 1992, qaatay Baaqa Xukunka Jamhuuriyadda Slovak ah. September 1, 1992 Dastuurka ugu horeysay ee la ansixiyay. gobolka Czechoslovak federaalka dayn inay jiraan 31 December 1992.

Michael Kovács - Madaxweynaha hore ee Slovakia. Waxa uu bilaabay oo uu ku xukumay February 1993. March 29, 2004 Slovakia biiray NATO. May 1, 2004 dalka soo biiray Midowga Yurub. 21 December 2007 uu ku biiray Schengen, iyo January 1, 2009 - in Yuuro zone-ka.

Head of Power waa madaxweyne kii uu xafiiska sare muddo 5 sano ah. Tirada dadka ee Slovakia cod doorto madaxweynaha. hogaamiyaha xisbiga ama isbahaysiga waa Raiisal Wasaaraha. Sida laga soo xigtay talooyinka Ra'iisul Wasaaraha, doorteen qayb ka ugu weyn ee golaha erayga boqornimadii 4 sano. Madaxweynaha ayaa wuxuu xaq u leeyahay si ay u milmaan golaha kadib markii lagu sakhiray saddex diidmada war siyaasadda dawladda ee.

Juqraafiga ee Slovakia, dabeecadda, cimilada

Tirada dadka ee dalkan waxa uu khayraadka dabiiciga ah ballaaran. Inta badan dalka waxaa lagu daboolayaa buuraha. In waqooyiga iyo waqooyi-bari waa Carpathians Galbeed, ee xuduudda la leh Poland waa High iyo Low Tatras. Gerlachovský Štít - meesha ugu sarreysa ee dalka (2655 mitir).

In xoogga koonfur-galbeed waa webiga Danube. In webiga this qulquli durdurrada kale buurta yar galay. In bari, Wabiyaalkii Carpathian ay leeyihiin weysada of Tisza ah: Toris, Laborec, Ondava. The wabiyo waaweyn oo ka mid ah addoommo Danube - ka Hron, Vah, Nitra.

cimilada dalka ee iska dhawraa qaaradda. Haddii jiilaalka ee Slovakia waa qalalan iyo qabow, xagaaga waa diiran oo qoyan. In caasimadda gobolka, ee January waxa uu muujinayaa heerkulka qiyaastii -1 degrees, iyo in July 21 + - 24 degrees. In dhulka buuraleyda ah qabow xagaaga iyo jiilaalka.

40% ka mid ah awoodda daboolo kaymaha. Haddii dalcadaha koonfurta buurahana waa la daboolay kaymaha isku qasan oo kaymo, on the kaymaha dhilka waqooyiga koraan. Beech (oo ku saabsan 31% oo kayntana), gran (29%), geedkii (10%), beroosh (9%), The ugu badan ee Slovakia dhirta sida.

Xagga dalkii buuraha lahaa, seeraha Alpine ku yaalaan. In kaynta badan oo xayawaan kala duwan ku nool, deerada, orso, Lynx, weasels, dabagaalaha, Dawacooyinku. Waa dal leh hawada, ilo macdanta aan caadi ahayn oo cad ah iyo boholaha barafka.

Diinta iyo luuqadaha Gobolka

Slovak af - waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee dadka reer Slovakia (hooyo 78,6% dadweynaha). Waxaa iska leh kooxda luqadaha Slavic, waa mid aad u la mid ah ee Ruush iyo Yukreeniyaan. The aqlabiyadda tirada guud ee Slovakia dadka ku hadla ma aha oo kaliya in qaranka luqadda, laakiin sidoo kale in Czech, Jarmal, Hungarian (oo ku saabsan 9.4%), romani (2.3% ragga) iyo Ingiriisi.

Qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dadka - waa dadka oo iimaanka. Gobolka waxa uu aqoonsan yahay xorriyadda diinta. Iyada oo la tixgelinayo tirada guud ee Slovakia, 60% ka mid ah Mu'miniinta yihiin Catholics, 0.7% - Orthodox, iyo inta kale - bulshooyinka diimaha kale. Qiyaastii 10% dadka naftooda loo aqoonsaday cawaan. Waxay ku taallaa gayiga oo ka mid ah 13 kaniisadaha, 28 ragga iyo dumarka amar, iyo sidoo kale bulshada diinta Yuhuudda.

Caadooyinka iyo awoodaha caadooyinka

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in dadka Slovak muddo ka badan sagaal qarniyo gacanta ugu Hungary ahaa, dadka deggan dalka ee aan illoobi dhaqankooda, caadooyinka iyo afka. Tani waa kibirka weyn ee qaranka. Maanta, dadka degan gobolka ma jecla marka ay afka hooyo u yeedhay dhawaqa mid ah luqadaha kale ee Yurub iyo Slavic.

Dhamaan fasaxyada iyo dhaqanka, bartey, ku xiran dabeecadda. Waxaa iyada la jiray muddo dheer ka mid ahaa oo ay dadka reer Slovakia, kuwaas oo inta badan degganaa tuulooyin hore ku hawlan beeraha iyo, guud ahaan, nolol xasilloon. dhaqanka Baydka maanta xusuusan iyo sharaf, dib ugu soo dhaafay shukaansi ixtiraam iyo daalaa dhacaya. Slovaks daacad ah waxay aaminsan yihiin in aan la soo dhaafay ma noqon karo mustaqbalka.

Ku dhawaad tuulo kasta waxay leedahay caadooyin u gaarka ah u gaar ah. Inta badan dadka u ilaalisaa fasaxyada soo socda:

• Saddex Kings fasax u dabaal in dhamaadka isbuucaan ee Christmas (yuulka);
• Jideynta oo fasax Moraine, taas oo astaan u dhammaadka xilliga qaboobaha (sida Ruush Shrovetide);
• dabaal Lucia dhaco on December (xeerkii hore, inta lagu guda jiro dabaal of gabar isku dayaya in ay u maleynayaa in at arooska mustaqbalka);
• "Maypole" - dhaqankan ayaa sii raagayaan wakhtiga hore (sida uu legend ah, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in beeran geed hore ee daaqadda saaxiibtiis).

The dadka iyo inta ay ka kooban qowmiyadaha

Tirada dadka ee Slovakia at 86% waa Slovaks. Kale 10% - Hungary iyo 4% - waa midgaha, oo polish, Jarmalka, Ukraine iyo dalal kale. Dhamaadkii 2016 dadweynaha ahaa 5.5 million (waayo, sannaddii tirada muwaadiniinta kordhay saddex kun). cufnaanta celceliska - 110 qof. 1 km ^2. Guud ahaan, digga reer Slovakia for 2016 waxaa wakiil tirooyinka sida:

• 56.998 oo qof ayaa ku dhashay;
• 53.361 qof ayaa ku dhintay,
• heerka dhalmada ka badan heerka dhimashada 3 637 oo qof,
• 217 oo qof. sameeyey faa'iido socdaalka;
• Slovakia 2.641.551 ragga iyo dumarka 2.790.714.

Slovakia, tirada guud kuwaas oo at December 2017, sida ay sheegayaan falanqeeyayaasha, waxay noqon doontaa 5,436,122, koror of 3 857 oo qof. dhimashada xad-dhaaf ah ka badan heerka dhalmada noqon lahaa 3 640. About 57 kun. Nin u dhashay sanadka oo dhan (qiyaastii 156 caruur ah maalin). kororka dabiiciga ah waa ay wanaagsan tahay, tirada muwaadiniinta kordhay, inkastoo xawaaro aad u gaabis ah.

Socdaalka koritaanka isku caadi doonaa 1 qof maalin kasta. Taas macnaheedu waa in qulqulaya weyn oo muhaajiriin ah kuwaas oo qaadan shaqooyinka muwaadiniinta Slovak aan la fileynin.

sifooyinka Dhaqaalaha ee Gobolka

Power ayaa muddo dheer ah qayb ka mid ah oo kala duwan dalalka. Lanad, dhaqaalaha, dadka Slovakia ayaa muddo dheer qayb ka mid ah wax ka weyn (Czechoslovakia iyo Austria-Hungary). Markaasaa kaliya marka waagu dawlad madax bannaan oo bilaabay si loo horumariyo dhaqaalaha.

dhaqaalaha ee maanta waa injineernimada farsamada iyo warshadaha. In ka badan 50% ka mid ah waxyaabaha laga soo saaro laga dhoofiyo. Sida dhaqaalaha dalka ee la dhisay on furfurnaanta iyo hufnaanta, Slovakia heleen shirkado badan oo ka mid ah kooxda warshadaha ee adduunka ee. Waxaa la abuuray dhirta dalka saaraha Korean KIA motor, Germany - Volkswagen iyo kooxda French Peugeot. Ku dhowaad nus milyan baabuurta soo saaray sannadkii. Waayo, wax soo saarka ee baabuurta Slovakia ayaa ka mid ah meelaha ugu horeysay ee adduunka.

dalkuba Slovakia (juqraafiga, dadka, luqadda) waa sidaas midabo iyo picturesque in ma dafiri karto inay soo jiitaan dalxiisayaasha. Mountains, harooyinka, webiyada iyo kaymaha - jiidashada ugu weyn. Sidaa darteed, ma aha meel la soo dhaafay in dhaqaalaha ee gobolka, dalxiiska yahay. Sannad kasta, dalka waxaa soo booqday laba milyan oo dalxiisayaal ah.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, shaqo ayaa si weyn u koray ee Slovakia. fasax A wanaagsan soo bixin waa lagu arkay suuqa shaqada. In 2017, heerka shaqo la'aanta heerka 9% dhacay. Koray by 3% iyo heerka mushaharka ee dadka.

muwaadiniinta qorista gobolka

dadka Slovakia ayaa akhrin. Sida ay sheegayaan qiyaasaha falanqeeyayaasha ', oo ku saabsan 4.6 milyan oo qof oo da'doodu ka weyn tahay shan iyo toban akhriska iyo qoraalka (99.62%). Qiyaastii 17.441 oo qof ayaa weli waxba aqoonin.

Heerka Literacy dadweynaha lab waa 99,59%, halka ay 8929 oo qof ayaa weli waxba aqoonin. Heerka Literacy dumarka dhexdiisa waa 99,64%, meesha 8512 haweenka aadan aqoon sida wax akhriska iyo qorista. Tirada u dhiganta ee dadka dhalinta yar (15 ilaa 24 sano jir) waa 99,37%, waayo, wiilasha iyo gabdhaha 99,53% siday u kala horreeyaan.

nidaamka waxbarashada

Waxbarashada muwaadiniinta ah ee dalka loo qaybin karaa marxaladaha soo socda: waxbarashada aasaasiga ah (ka 6-7 si 14-15 sano), dhexdhexaad ah (14-15 ka si 18-20 sano) iyo sare. Hey'adaha waxbarashada sare qaybsan yihiin dadweynaha, kuwa gaarka ah iyo kuwa dadweynaha. University Comenius ee Bratislava, University of Economics ee Bratislava iyo jaamacadda DTU ee Košice waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in ay jaamacadaha ugu wanaagsan ee dalka.

Waxbarashada ee Wasaaradda Waxbarashada ee Gobolka mas'uul ka yahay. Ay ka kooban u xil doonaan madaxweynaha Slovakia. On March 23, 2016 Peter Plavchan loo magacaabay Wasiirka Wasaaradda Waxbarashada.

Dhaqanka waddanka ee

Dadku waa mid aad u weyn yihiin aqoonsiga iyo dhaqanka firfircoon. gobol kasta oo dalka ka mid ah waxa lagu gartaa dharka dad iyo caadooyinka gaar ah. dhaqanka Popular Awoodaha la og yahay dunida oo dhan, waayo, qoob, heeso iyo music. Waa Slovakia, sharaxaad ku saabsan tirada dadka ah ee dalka - dulucda ugu weyn ee hiddaha. Ku dhawaad dadka degan xagaaga kasta abaabulaan xaflado dad.

In gobolka Maktabadaha cilmiga ah 12 gobol ayaa loo dhisay si ay u taariikhda, 473 ka mid ah hay'adaha kuwaas xiriirka la leh jaamacadaha, weli waxaa hadhay 2600 maktabadaha dadweynaha. at Library University ee Bratislava, magaalada waxaa la aasaasay 1919, waxa ku jira oo ku saabsan 2 milyan oo waraaqaha iyo waxaa loo arkaa maktabadda ugu weyn ee dalka. In magaalada Martin Maktabadda Qaranka Slovak la dhisay 1863, taas oo ka kooban waxyaabaha gaarka ah ee la xiriira dhaqanka ee dalka this.

Dawladdu waxay la dhisay 50 matxafyada. In 1893, ee Bratislava, matxafka qaranka Slovakia ayaa loo abuuray, taas oo ay ku kaydiso soo bandhigaa berrinkii cilmi akeoloji, musicology, taariikhda Slovak ka. Waa museum ugu caansan ee dalka.

farshaxanka Folk iyo music

farshaxanka Folk, gaar ahaan meelaha miyiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan: looxyada xardho qoryo, rinjiyeynta, jare, qoryo dhismaha. farshaxanka Folk ayaa waxaad fartaan ka badan qarniyo, kaas oo la tijaabiyey by excavations archeological. Dhaqanku ee farsamada gacanta dad aan la illoobi iyo maanta, sida had iyo jeer ku wareejiyay hoos ka ab ka ab. Waxay waxaa taageera gallery ah daabacayaasha tahay dad ULUV. Tan iyo 1945, oo dhan bandhigyada muujiyay in 28 dal.

Tan iyo qarnigii XIX ah, music ma aha meel la soo dhaafay in dhaqanka dadka. music casriga ah ee Slovakia waxay ku salaysan tahay dad iyo Hababka classical. shuqullada yaqaan qarnigii XX ah oo la odhan karaa opera ah Yana Kikkera iyo Halabuurka A. Moises. music dhaqanka ee Slovakia ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu aan caadi ahayn oo asalka ah ee Europe. Waxaad ku qori kartaan orchestras si fiican u yaqaan sida ee Slovakia sida Radio Symphony Orchestra ee Bratislava, Slovakia Rugta Orchestra, Philharmonic Orchestra ee Košice oo Bratislava.