Dhakhaatiirta inta lagu jiro xilliga dagaalkii 1941-1945 Great Patriotic. feat caafimaad ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic

Bahda caafimaadka ee WWII tusay oo aan ka yarayn geesinimo, adkaysiga iyo geesinimada badan askartii, badmaax, Ciidanka Cirka,, saraakiisha iyo shaqaalaha ee hore guriga. kalkaalisada Girl on garbaha jilicsan qaadeen askari ku dhaawacmeen, shaqaalaha caafimaadka habeen iyo maalinba shaqeeyay, oo aan tago bukaanka, farmashiistayaasha sameeyo wax walba oo macquul si ay u bixiyaan daawooyinka hore-waxqabadka sare oo tiro ahaan loo baahan yahay. Waxaa jiray post iftiin ah, meel, goobta shaqada - mid kasta oo ka dhakhtarrada ayaa ka qayb qaatay.

dhicin dagaalkii

adeegga Medical, iyo sidoo kale ciidanka oo dhan oo dagaalka u baxay in shuruudaha ay u galeen. Hawlo badan loogu talagalay wanaajinta daryeelka caafimaadka iyo sahayda, ayaa weli inta aan la dhameystirin. degmooyinka kala qaybsanaanta xadka galaan colaadaha la siin kooban oo daawooyinka, qalabka iyo qalabka. feat The more la taaban karo ayay dhakhtarro intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic, maamushaa in xaaladaha ugu adag tahay in la badbaadiyo caafimaadka iyo nolosha askar iyo dad rayid ah.

Laga soo bilaabo maalinta ugu horeysa ee dagaalka waxay abuurtaa booska xiisad sida sahayda ciidamada ee hadda jira, iyo wax soo saarka ee warshadaha qalabka caafimaadka. The kaydka weyn ee daawooyinka, alaabtii qalliinka, dhaymada, badi ka dhacayaan degmooyinka soohdinta, ma haysan waqti ay ku soo qaato. tiro badan oo qalab caafimaad, taas oo loogu talagalay in la sameeyay iyo cutubyo la geeyay iyo hay'adaha ka lumay.

Inkastoo khasaaraha ka mid ah bakhaarada caafimaadka, si ay shaqada geesinimada iyo dadaalka cajiib ah oo ka mid ah dadka ka badbaaday farmashiistayaasha military mahad bakhaarada safka hore laga saaray in ka badan 1,200 oo gaadhi hantida caafimaadka in dalalka xaggiisa dambe.

Experience dhiig bixiyay

Way adag ee dalka ku sugan 1941 dhamaaday guul dheer la sugayay horeeyay ee koob weyn oo ka tirsan ciidamada Cas dagaal galayo, waayo, Moscow. Waxaa gaar ahaan si cad loogu muujiyey feat caafimaad ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic. Photos of muddada qabtay footage dagaalyahanada ka soo hoos duufaan ah dhaqaatiirta iyo kalkaaliyaasha dab iyo qaraxii badbaadiyay. Waxaa jiray kiisaska soo noqnoqda markii ambalaasta dedday isagii oo dhaawac ah, uubatooyin xunxun iyagoo aan nolosha. Xooggii uu shaqada adeega caafimaad oo ay tirakoob aan eex lahayn. tiro aad u badan oo ah qalab caafimaad la qaatay inta lagu guda jiro Battle of Moscow:

• Kaliya on hore ee reer galbeedka in ka badan 12 million mitir oo faashad.
• Kalinin iyo Lugbuur Western qarashgareeyay in ka badan 172 tan oo gypsum.
• Loo set oo ah "ku dhaawacmay", ka regimental iyo qaybta, kuwaas oo ku jira ugu muhiimsan daawooyin, serums, tolliinka, cirbadaha. On hore ee bakhaarada ee Front Western ee ciidanka ayaa la soo saaray 583 nooc oo 169 nooc oo regimental iyo qaybta.

Hababka loo abaabulo sahay caafimaad ee dagaalka Moscow ka, soo koobay shirka in GVSU Army Red 12-15 April ee 1942, loo oggol yahay dheeraad ah si guul leh loo fuliyo bixinta ciidamada iyo hay'adaha caafimaadka ee howlgallada ku xiga ee dagaalka.

noo Moscow!

Bahda caafimaadka ee WWII oo wuxuu bartay sida wax ku ool ah u shaqeeyaan marka la eego difaaca (dib u gurasho), iyo weerarka, iyo xalkaas degdeg ah si qoto dheer weyn ee hore. Siyaabo badan, waayo-aragnimo qiimo leh ayaa la helay intii lagu jiray difaaca dheer joogto ah iyo kuwa ku xiga counter-weerar ka dhacay degaanka Moscow ee. The Battle of Moscow ogol yahay in ay qabsato ururka ciidamada qorshaha daryeelka ee guurka ka falalka daafaca inay hawlgallo ka fuliyaan weerar la miisaamayo istiraatiiji ah.

Xitaa ka hor dagaalka ka dhanka daafaca ee caasimadda ah ee adeeg caafimaad oo ka mid ah jabhada reer galbeedka iyo Bryansk soo shaqeeyay adag tahay in la saaray si ciidamada iyo khayraadka ay, kuwaas oo loo wiiqay si weyn by khasaaraha culus ee labada bilood ee ugu horeysay dagaalka. fiiro gaar ah u lahaa in la siiyo wax yaabaha unugyada caafimaadka ee regiments iyo kala qaybsanaanta kalkaaliyayaasha iyo Orderlies, iridjoogayaal.

safka hore

Waxaa jira xaqiiqooyin badan oo ku saabsan dhaqaatiirta ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic, ma shalayno noloshooda iyaga u gaar ah si ay u dhali vyvoloch, si kasta ha ahaatee in la keeno dhaawacmeen ka dagaalka isbitaalka. Waxaan u lahaa in ka yar dab ka shaqeeyaan, ee kulaylka iyo roob, ee dhoobada iyo baraf.

Gaar ahaan xoog ahaa saarista adag oo ka mid ah dhaawacay snowpack ah oo qoto dheer. Haddaba sidaas daraaddeed, baabuur caafi ugu kalsoonaan karo, gaar ahaan inta lagu jiro soconkara iyo qodob baraf ahaayeen gawadhi. Iyagoo keliya ma aha, waayo, gaadiidka ee dhaawaca ah in ay xarumaha caafimaad regimental (PHC), laakiin inta badan sidoo kale ay ka baxdo PMP ee rugaha caafimaadka qaybta. Waxaa si cad u noqday dareemay baahida loo qabo in ay leeyihiin hab ku habboon si loo xoojiyo xiriirka ka oo qayb ka ah adeegga caafimaadka. hab noocan oo kale ah ayaa noqday waxaa ka mid ahaa in ciidamada adeeg caafimaad shirkadda farda nadaafada, aad bay u fududeeyaa geeddiga degdeg ah.

isbitaalada

dhakhaatiirta Military inta lagu guda jiro tobanaan dagaalkii labaad ee dunida kun shaqeeyay isbitaalada. Tusaale ahaan, in muddada 1941-1942. Kaliya in ciidammadii reer Front Western uu lahaa 50 isbitaalada iyo 10 mobile evakopriemnikov awood guud ee 15,000 sariiraha waqti-buuxa ah. saldhig Hospital ee Front Western la geeyay laba madaxda laba jiho geeddiga. awoodda guud ee saldhigga isbitaalka gaaray 42,000 sariiraha. In tier ugu horeysay waxaa la geeyay isbitaalada advantageously berrinka, iyo in ay heerka labaad - ida isbitaalada geeddiga.

dhaqaatiirta feat in War Great Patriotic waa shaqo-maalmeedka tooda. dadaalka aasaasiga ah adeeg caafimaad oo la sameeyey si loo hubiyo in sida ugu dhakhsaha badan inaad ka qaxdo dhaawaca ah iyo kuwa buka ka soo baxay dhulka hoos handadaad qabtay by cadowga ahaayeen, iyada oo gargaar caafimaad. Xaddi weyn oo dhaawac socon kara, iyo adkaanta celceliska dhaawac ku hadhay adeegga. khasaaraha caafimaad oo muhiim ah, kuwaas oo tan iyo bilowgii ciidamada counter-weerar oo ka mid ah Kalinin iyo Lugbuur Western ku xanuunsaday, oo horseeday in la helo ugu yaraan 150-200 ku dhaawacmeen maalintii, iyo wakhtigii ay dagaallo xooggan - ilaa 350-400.

farmasiyada

Dhakhaatiirta in dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic (1941-1945) ma la diriray oo kaliya on Lugbuur ah. dhibaatooyin daran, mararka qaarkood aad u culus, siiyey farmasiyada logistics daawooyinka muhiimka ah. hawlaha Bandhigyada on sahay caafimaad waxaa adag by xaqiiqada ah in kooxda cajiib ah ee farmashiistayaasha, dhakhaatiirta tagay ciidanka. Tirada farmasiiyada ka shaqeeya farmasiyada, hoos u kala bar ee 1941-1942.

sahayda la qorsheeyay ee alaabta silsilado farmashiyaha, daawo si dhab ah carqaladeeyey, inta badan shirkadaha warshadaha ee caafimaadka waxaa lagu halligay ama daad gureeyay. Iyada oo bilowgii dagaalkii labaad ee dunida farmashiyaha ciidamada ka shaqeeya farmasiiyada inta badan loogu talo galay inay abaabulka of reserve ah. Inta badan wuxuu lahaa waxbarashada dawooyinka sare oo uunan marna u shaqeeyn ciidamada. Qayb weyn oo ka mid ah shaqaalaha ay ahaayeen haween, ka soo muddada gaabisay daraasaddan dugsiyada farmashiyaha ka qalin. Tiro ka mid ah posts farmasiyada waxay ahaayeen ambalaasta mashquul.

dhibaatooyin gaar ah la kulmay madaxdii ciidamada ee farmashiyaha in hal qof oo wakiil ka ah dhammaan jagooyinka shaqaalaha. Waxa intaa dheer in waajibaadka xirfadeed, waxay ahaayeen kuwo farmashiistayaasha iyo hawsha guriga. Sami waraaqo qoraal ah ka helay daawo, xal jeermiska, farmashiyaha maydhay suxuunta. Iyo shuruudaha military ee diyaarinta iyo isticmaalka daawooyinka lahaa si ay u bartaan on go ah. Contribution dhakhtarro intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic ahaa muhiim ma aha oo kaliya safka hore, laakiin sidoo kale in network farmashiyaha.

tusaale ahaan adeegga

Taariikhda dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, waana u taajir in fact, doorka hal qof saamayn ku qaddar kun. Brunt ee lagu badbaadinayo nolosha iyo dayactirka awood u leh inay ka shaqeeyaan askari oo dhaawac ah maarmaan u ah dhakhtar qalliin oo caafimaad in dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic. Photo kala duwanaayeen takhasus loo arki karaa in warbaahinta print, matxafyada, Internet-ka. tusaale ahaan ka mid ah dhakhtar qalliin oo aad u fiican iyo qabanqaabiyaha Vasiliya Vasilevicha Uspenskogo.

dhakhtarkaaga tayo keentay isbitaalka degmada Kashin ka dib qabsashadii hooyo Kalinin (hadda Tver) uu. Isla mar ahaantaana wuxuu ahaa dhakhtar qalliin oo ka mid ah cusbitaalka, isbitaalada qaxidda la taliyaha la geeyay magaalada Kashin, tuulooyinka deriska ah iyo daad gureeyay cisbitaalka gobolka ee magaalada. Waxa uu ahaa kii ku shaqeeya halyeeyga pilot-geesiga A. P. Mareseva. Cusbataalka Vasily Kashin abaabulay a Dhiig shubo Station iyo dhakhaatiirta bulshada sayniska.

In 1943, V. Uspensky in Kalinin, halkaas oo uu soo abaabulay isbitaal gaar ah, kaas oo soo maray in ka badan 3,000 oo caruur dhiibay diyaarado ka gadaal cadowga ku soo laabtay. isbitaalka ee carruurta loo yaqaan xitaa ka baxsan dalka. Gaar ahaan, wasaaradda of male ah si xiiso leh ku jawaabay Mrs. Clementine Churchill - naagtii Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Ingiriiska.

Bixinta daryeelka indhaha

On nabarrada dagaalka iyo dhaawacyada isha si joogta ah u dhacay. Waxaa ka mid ah askartii ku dhaawacmay ayaa la daweeyey, tiriyaa tirada ugu badan ee bukaannada qaba firirka iyo rasaas boogaha ee kala duwan iyo darnaanta u baahan qalliinka. Kaliya ee isbitaalada Saratov intii lagu jiray dagaalka, dhakhaatiirta ku takhasusay xafiisyada indhaha iyo rugaha caafimaadka ee cudurada indhaha ayaa ka caawiyay in ay soo celiso hortooda ee 1858 iyo 479 bukaan ku dhaawacmeen.

kaalin muhiim ah horumarinta hababka daryeelka caafimaadka goobta dagaalka markii dhaawaca indhaha, iyo sidoo kale baaritaanka iyo daawaynta dhaawac isha cisbitaalka inta shaqaale ee Wasaaradda iyo Clinic indhaha, hogaaminayo I. Professor A. Belyaevym. dhakhaatiirta Saratov inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida cudurka si weyn u fiicnaaday iyo daaweynta cudurada bararka ee isha, ku dhaqanka maalin kasta ee Dhakhaatiirta Indhaha inay qaaddo tiknoolijiyada cusub.

Sidee si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatada la yaraanta ee daawooyinka

geesinimo caafimaadka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic oo lagu muujiyey xaggiisa dambe. dalka soo maray yaraanta ba'an oo sahay caafimaad, si hawsha ahayd in uu soo nooleeyo wershedaha dawooyinka ah, waayo qaybta ugu halaagnay bilowgii dagaalka. Inta lagu jiro muddada gaaban bixinta daawooyinka maamula in la dhiso.

Tani waxaa loo fududeeyey:

• Lyadoo loo sii tiro badan oo ah shirkadaha ka mid ah warshadaha kiimikada-dawooyinka ee Central Asia. Tani waxay keentay in abuurka ah ee kooxda bari ee warshadaha kiimikada iyo dawooyinka, taas oo uu la wareegay shaqadii cuslayd ee ugu weyn ee bixiya daawooyinka siyaabo.
• dalalka caawin garabka anti-faashistihii. Iskaashiga ogol yahay Buur Mudanayaasha mid awood leh streptotsida sii daayo, Sulfidine iyo sulfazola, chloride ethyl iyo pharmacopoeia soda.
• Jaheeyo ee warshadaha ganacsiga non-muhiimka ah. Out of xaaladda yaraanta ee Duubista ka qayb warshadaha dharka warshad, oo waxay bilaabeen inay soo saaraan faashad caafimaad. Sidoo kale, shirkadaha badan in industry kiimikada bilaabay inuu samatabbixin maamulka caafimaadka ee daroogada dhalada: adrenaline, caffeine, glucose, morphine, iyo pantopon kale.
• Bedelay daawo yari dhirta, daawooyinka. Kaliya guga ee 1942 ayaa la soo ururiyey oo ku saabsan 50 tan oo lix iyo soddon nooc oo dhirta, daawooyinka. Qubarada ayaa leydin habka of bedelka ee suufka caafimaad ee ajada Peat ah, ajada sphagnum iyo qoryo beroosh ah helay saliid immersion halkii dhaqanka iyo qori kedar ah noqday yar.

Horumarinta ee daroogada cusub

dhakhaatiirta dumarka lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida kaalin fiican horumarinta daawooyin cusub aadka wax ku ool ah. horumar degdeg ah A weyn ahaa afku ee koox ka mid ah aqoonyahaniinta Soviet hogaaminayay Professor Z. V. Ermolevoy baarka ugu horeysay ee penicillin. Kooxda cilmi-baarista la sameeyey Ermoleva baran saamaynta ku daweynta ee daroogada cusub "penicillin krustozin VIEM" in boogaha iyo dhibaatooyin oo kafantii ku Isbitaal ku yaal, oo ku dhow in ay dagaalka, isbitaalada xaggiisa dambe.

Central Institute of Faafa iyo ayidhi, kaas oo madax u Professor MK Krontovskaya, baasana farsamada ee wax soo saarka tallaalka Harar. Dadka Commissariat ee USSR waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay qalab wax ku ool ah ee dagaalka ka dhanka ah Harar waxaa hirarkii waqtiga, iyo go'aansadeen in ay codsan serum cusub on baaxadda weyn.

daahfurka cilmiga muhiimadda dunida ahaa horumarinta shaqaale ka tirsan Institute Leningrad ee Dhiig, habka Professor G. L. Bogomolov la xanibay-qalajiyo of plasma. Waxay fursad u helay in aan garanaynin koox ka mid ah dhiig ku dhaawacmeen in transfuse qaadasho badan oo daroogada ah oo lagu magacaabo "plasma qalalan" ka deeq. In habkan, dhiig lagu shubo deeq waxaa beddelay budada ah oo loo kaydiyaa wakhti dheer ah iyo gaadiid si fiican.

kalkaaliyayaasha feat

Inta lagu guda jiro WWII baahida loo qabo kalkaaliyaasha ayaa sii xumaatay. Iyadoo la tixraacayo Tax Caafimaadka ku hawlan tababar la dedejiyey ka mid ah shaqaalaha xanaanada. Ilaa 1945 ICRC ayaa loo tababaray in ka badan 500,000 oo Orderlies caafimaad, 300,000 kalkaaliyayaasha, in ka badan 170 000 dhakhaatiirta. Raadinta dhimasho wejiga, iyagoo geesinimo wareejiyo oo dhaawac ka soo dagaalka oo ay caawiyaan.

Waxaad la hadli kartaa ee ku saabsan camal geesinimada, eegaya qaddar ee kalkaaliyaasha Guutada Marines Ekaterina Demina. ardayga ee guriga carruurta, ay u adeegtay on guddiga caafimaadka "Red Moscow", taas oo sii hakanayo oo dhaawac ka soo Stalingrad in Krasnovodsk. Life in gadaal ay si deg deg ah daal, Catherine go'aansaday in uu noqdo kalkaaliye caafimaad 369 guuto gaar ah ee badda. Markii hore, paratroopers ka qaaday gabar qabow, laakiin iyadu ayaa ku guuleystay ixtiraamka. Waayo, wakhtiga oo dhan ka Catherine badbaadiyeen nafta in ka badan 100 ku dhaawacmeen, Halaagnay oo ku saabsan 50 fashiistaha, waxayna lahayd 3 ku dhaawacmay. E. I. Deminu xusay by abaalmarino badan.

In dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka Laanqayrta Cas ayaa si guul ah ula qabsanay waxbarashada deg deg ah ee kalkaaliyayaasha caafimaadka iyo Orderlies, iyo is-allabari, oo naxariista iyo jacaylka Fatherland ka caawisay shaqaalaha caafimaadka si ay u bixiyaan kabsado dhaawaca iyo laabto hore. Sidaas darteed, in la sameeyo oo dhan ay suurtagal tahay in ay ku guuleystaan.

afterword

dhakhaatiirta Soviet in War Great Patriotic, shaqeeyeen yaabab, gelin on cagaha dagaalyahanada ku dhaawacmeen. Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoob ka cosbitaaladyada ee nidaamka dib loo ka badan 70% ayaa qirtay loogu daweeyo. Tusaale ahaan: dhakhtar Jarmal ahaa awoodaan in ay ciidanka ku noqon, oo keliya ku saabsan 40% ka mid ah dadka dhaawaca ah.