Guriga ay isirka ee Slavs ah. Version iyo dood ku saabsan asalka iyo guriga ay isirka ee Slavs ah

Xaggee guri ay isirka ee Slavs ah? Maxaa versions of saynisyahano Yimaadeen arrintan la xiriira? Read maqaalka oo waxaad ku baran doontaa jawaabaha su'aalahan. Slavs ethnogenesis waa habka of formation of qadiimiga beesha qolada Slavic, taas oo keentay in kala-soocidda dadka ka mass ee qabiilooyinka Indo-Yurub. Maanta ma jirto version guud ahaan aqbalay of koriinkedu ee kooxda Slavic qowmiyadaha.

Caddaymaha ugu horeysay

guriga ay isirka ah Slavs oo xiiso khubaro badan. Ummadani markii ugu horaysay la soo caddeynaya in waraaqaha Byzantine ee qarnigii VI ah. In dib loo eego, ilahaasi xuso Slavs ee qarnigii IV ah. macluumaad Horaantii la xidhiidha dadyowga ka qayb etnogeneze Slavic (Bastarnians), laakiin ilaa xad ah in ay lug ku restorations taariikhi ah oo kala duwan kala duwan.

xaqiijin qoran oo ka mid ah qorayaasha ee qarnigii VI ka Byzantium hadlo quruun aasaasay, qaybsan Antes iyo sklaviny. Venedy ku xusan sida awowayaashiin Slavic gadaal jihada. Caddaynta qorayaal xilligii Roomaanka (boqolkiiba I-II.) Of geyoon ma uu oggolaan inay ku xirmaan qaar ka mid ah dhaqanka jir ah oo Slavs ah.

qeexid

guriga ay isirka ee Slavs ayaa weli ma hufan qeexay. qadiimiga Ruush qabnay wac qaar ka mid ah dhaqanka shinka, laga bilaabo qarnigii V ee. aqoonyahano The ma jiraan wax dhibic hal of view on warbaahinta isirka qowmiyadaha ilbaxnimo hore iyo xiriirka ay la leeyihiin Slavic dambe. Shaqaalaha ayaa sidoo kale leeyihiin fikrado kala duwan oo ku saabsan waqtiga luqadda, kaas oo lagu magacaabi karaa Slavic ama Slavonic. hadalka hadda cilmiyeed looga shakiyay version doorashada Ruush ka pie kala duwan aadka u badan ee BC Millennium 2aad. e. in qarniyadii ugu horeeyay. e.

Taariikhda waxbarashada, asalka iyo goobta waxbarasho hababka qadiimiga Ruthenian gaar ah isgooyska ee cilmiga kala duwan: taariikhda, cilmi afaf, genetics, paleoanthropology, cilmi akeoloji.

Indo-Yurub

guriga ay isirka ee Slavs maanta ka taliso maskaxda badan. Waxaa la og yahay in Age Maarta ah ee Central Europe ahaa bulshada fitnada Al-luuqadeed ee tartanka Indo-European caadi ah. shaqo ayaa ku darina kooxo gaar ah hadalka waa lagu muransan yahay. professor Jarmal G. Krae soo gabagabeeyey in halka Indo-Iran, Anatolian, Greek iyo luqadaha Armenian mar horeba kala horumariyo si madax banaan, Celtic, jiifta, Illyrian, Germanic, Baltic ama luqado Slavic ahaayeen lahjado hal af Indo-Yurub oo keliya. Baydka Yurub kuwaas oo xagga woqooyi ka xigta Alps degganaa dhexe ee Europe, abuuray Eray bixin caam ah oo ka dhacay degaanka ku ah beeraha, diinta, iyo xiriirka bulshada.

East tartanka

Xaggee guriga haybta uu ku yaalay Slavs bari? Qabiilooyinka reer umadan, taasoo u suurtagashay in ay ku milmaan galay hal unug (in opinion ee saynisyahano badan), ka dhigay tirada guud ee qadiimiga Dr Makumbe. Sidaas darteed, kala xiga siyaasadeed dadkan, qarnigii XVII ee la sameeyey saddex qof, Belarus, Ruushka iyo Ukraine.

Waa kuwee Rusyns bari? Tani dhaqanka iyo luqadaha bulshada Ruush isticmaala uu hadalka luqadaha East Slavic. Qaar ka mid ah cilmi-hore sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa naqshada 'Ruush Slavs. " East Slav ... Taariikhdeedu waa yar loo yaqaan. Sababtuna waxay tahay, ma aha oo kaliya maqnaanshaha u gaar ah luqadda ay ku qoran, laakiin fog oo ka mid ah xarumaha ilbaxnimada muddada.

East Slav tilmaamay in Byzantine, Carab iyo reer Faaris ku qoran ilo. Qaar ka mid ah macluumaadka ku helay on iyadoo la kaashanayo falanqayn isbarbaryaal ee luqadaha Slavic iyo xogta qaddiimiga ah.

ballaarinta

guriga ay isirka ah Slavs iyo dejinta ayaa laga wada hadlaa cilmi badan. Qaar ka mid ah waxay aaminsan yihiin in la ballaariyo ayaa ka dhacay sababtoo ah qarax dadweynaha, sababa kululaaneysa ee cimilada, ama dhalashada of technology casriga ah ee beeraha, iyo qaar kale - in qalad ah ee socdaalka weyn, halakeeyey ee AD qarnigii koowaad, qayb ka mid ah Europe inta lagu guda jiro gudaha Sarmatian, Jarmalka, Avars, Huns, Bulgar iyo Ruush.

Ajnabiga ka soo jeedo iyo guriga ay isirka ee Slavs la xiriira dadka dhaqanka Przeworsk. Ummadani xuduud galbeed la Celtic iyo dunida qabiil Germanic, bari - la-Finno ugortsami iyo dalalka Baltiga, ee koonfur-bari iyo koonfur - la Sarmatians ah. prospectors qaar ayaa u malaynaya in muddo this waxaa jiray gabi ahaanna badan oo kala go 'Slavic-Balt, in uu yahay, qabiil, kuwaas oo weli aan lahayn xad burbursan.

Isla mar ahaantaana waxaa ballaarinta Krivichy ee gobolka Smolensk Dnieper. In aagga hore jirtay ilbaxnimo tushemlinskaya taas oo qowmiyad, qadiimiga ah eegi duwan. Waxaa bedelay jir Gaarna Slavic dhaqanka iyo tushemlinskie dejinta la baabbi'iyey, maxaa yeelay, wakhtigaas Slavs xataa magaalooyinka ku noolaa.

natiijooyinka

Ugu da'da weyn qabiilooyinka Slavic bartay nin afaf ka barto caanka Academician O. N. Trubachov. Waxa uu falanqeeyay blacksmithing luqada Slavic ah, pottery, iyo farshaxanimada iyo soo gabagabeeyey in sidayaal ah lahjadaha qadiimiga Slavonic (ama awowayaashood) waqti markii la aasaasay eraybixinta si firfircoon haboona in xiriir la Talyaaniga iyo Jarmalka, waa Indo-Central Europe. Wuxu qabaa, in qabiilooyinka reer qadiimiga rus bulshada Indo-Yurub ee gobolka Danube ee (qaybta waqooyi ee Balkans) istaagay baxay, ka dibna u dhaqaaqay iyo biirtay kooxaha qowmiyadaha kale. Trubachev ayaa sheegay in ay tahay wax aan macquul aheyn in la aqoonsado habka daqiiqad cilmi afaf kala lahjad hoggamiye-Slavic ah ee Indo Yurub sababta oo ah Shukaansiga shinka.

Shaqaalaha badan ayaa ku doodaya in luqada Slavic caadi bilaabay inuu la sameeyay ee AD qarnigii koowaad. e. Qaar ka mid ah soo wac dhexe ee aan Millennium BC. e. Sida laga soo xigtay glottochronology, luqada Slavic waxaa ka go'ay dhexe ee II Millennium BC. e. Shaqaalaha qaarkood waxay ugu yeedhaan hore.

falanqaynta weeya

Version of guriga ay isirka ee Slavs waxaa jira kala duwan. Dad badan ayaa isku dayay in la qeexo hooyo qadiimiga ah rus sababihii ay erayo jir. F. P. Filin ayaa aaminsan in umadan ayaa sameeyay in suunka kaynta leh tiro badan oo biyagaleenka ahuba iyo harooyinka, iyo badda, buuraha iyo deel iska.

On ku salaysan botanist Polish muran Beech caanka ah ee J. Rostafinsky isku dayeen in ay helaan praotechestvo Slavs 1908: "magaca Beech Indo-European Slavs dhaqaaqay safsaf, safsaf iyo ogaa Beech, berooshka ah iyo larch." Erayga "Beech" waxaa laga soo amaahday afka Jarmal. Maanta, soohdinta bari ee cindiga oo qoryo ku saabsan tahay Odessa - Kaliningrad, laakiin imtixaanka of manka ee record lafo ah waxa uu muujinayaa meesha ka badan ballaaran wakhtiyadii hore.

In ka Age Naxaas, Beech koray dhowaad dhammaan dalalka Bariga Yurub (marka laga reebo waqooyi). In ka Age Iron, inta lagu guda jiro formation of kooxda Slavic qowmiyadeed (ra'yiga of taariikhyahanadu ugu), harta Beech helay meelo badan oo Russia, ee Carpathians, ee Caucasus, Crimean iyo gobolka Badda Madow. Taas oo muujinaysa in goobta ayaa la filayaa ethnogenesis Slavic ee laga yaabo in koonfur-galbeed ee gobollada waqooyiga iyo bartamaha of Ukraine, Belarus Russia,.

In Ruushka waqooyi-galbeed (hanti Novgorod) Beech koray sidii hore sida qarniyadii dhexe. kaymaha Beech ayaa maanta Waqooyiga iyo Galbeedka Europe, Poland, Carpathians ah, Balkans. In ay beroosh degaanka dabiiciga ah ma koraan on dalalka ku Carpathians iyo soohdinta bari ee Poland si Volga ah. Iyadoo hooyo midka this Rusyns waxaa lagu qori karaa meel Belarus ama Ukraine, haddii Shaqaalaha qiyaasid ereyada botanical dadkan sax yihiin.

In dhammaan luqadaha Slavic (iyo Balt a) uu leeyahay erayga "lime", geed la mid ah in midani. Sidaa awgeed waxaa jiray fikrad ku saabsan deegaanka xirmi waddankooda Linden qabiilooyinka Ruush ah, laakiin sababta oo ah baahsanaanta ee warshadda this waa cajiib, ma waxaa xisaabta lagu darsadaa.

Report philologists Soviet

guriga ay isirka ah Slavs iyo ethnogenesis keeni danaha takhasus badan. Earth ee waqooyiga Ukraine iyo Belarus ka tirsan degaanka ee baahsanaanta ballaadhnaa ee magacyada meel Balt. waxbarasho gaar ah aqoonyahano Soviet philologists O. N. Trubachova iyo V. N. Toporova muujisay in Balta hydronyms ee gobolka Upper Dnieper dabagalayaal inta badan lagu qurxiyey Slavs. Taas macnaheedu waa in dadka halkaas ka dib u muuqday Balts. jaanqaadayn Tan waxaa lagu reebay, haddii aan galin tixgelinna siinaya Shaqaalaha shakhsi on qoondaynta ah lahjad hoggamiye-Slavic ee obschebaltskogo.

Opinion V. N. Toporova

VN Toporov u maleeyeen Balt waa dhow asalka Indo-Yurub, halka dhammaan luqadaha kale ee Indo-Yurub ee geedi socodka horumarka gobolka qiraysaa iska. Wuxuu ku doodayaa in hoggamiye-Slavic lahjad ahaa koonfurta lahjad durugsan Baltic, taas oo u dhaqaaqay ka-hoggamiye Slavic agagaarka BC qarnigii V ee. e. ka dibna si madax-bannaan loo beddelaa afka hore ee Rusyns ah.

versions

Dacwad ku saabsan asalka ah ee guriga ay isirka ah Slavs oo socota illaa maanta. In xilligii Soviet, laba qeybood oo waaweyn Rusyn ethnogenesis ayaa la siidaayey:

1. Polish (go'aaminaya guriga ay isirka ee Slavs ee aagga u dhexeeya oder iyo Vistula ah).
2. Autochthonous (asalkiisu ka soo jeedo sarkhaansan views afka baarkiisa ah ee cilmiga ah Soviet Marr).

Labada cilinta pre-kula heshiiyey asal ahaan Slavic dhaqanka hore shinka on Earth, oo qarniyadii dhexe oo la degganaa by Rusyns, iyo qaar ka mid ah wakhtiyadii hore da'da jir ah, ayaa sheegay in dadka, si madaxbanaan u soo sameeyey pie.

Raasamaal macluumaadka cilmi baadhista iyo keentay bixitaankii ka sharaxaad waddani keentay in soo bixitaanka of versions cusub oo ku salaysan qoondaynta diiradda on muhimka ah ee kooxda Slavic qowmiyadeed ee ku fulan iyo qaybinta iyada oo ay socdaalka si dhulka deriska ah.

anshaxa waxbarasho ma samayn dhibic hal of view on meesha iyo waqtiga ethnogenesis ee Slavs ah. Maanta ma jirto marka la eego adduunka laga aqbalay oo ah tixraac ka mid ah dhaqamada jir dadkan. Ballanqaadaan saaraysa noqon karaa calaamad bezdialektnosti luqadda Ruthenian qadiimiga ah.

Waxa ay ku fashilmeen in ay abuuraan version a qanci karo ee ethnogenesis Ruush oo ku saleysan macluumaad ah ee hal maaddo ah oo kaliya sayniska. aragtiyaha hadda isku dayaan in ay isu geeyo macluumaadka oo dhan nidaamo taariikhiga ah. Guud ahaan, waxaa loo maleeyey in qowmiyadda Slavic muuqday sabab u ah midowga of kala duwan ee beelaha Indo-Yurub ee Warega dhexeeya Iskutees-Sarmatian iyo Maraykanka bari, iyadoo ka qaybgalka Finnish, Celtic iyo muhashada kale.

xiqiijiyay in aqoonyahaniinta

Seynisyahanno aadan hubin in kooxda Slavic qowmiyadaha BC. e. Waxaan jirey. Tan waxaa lagu tilmaamay by a fikrado is burinaya ee Shaqaalaha. Ma jirto caddayn in Slavs ka Balts soo degay. Isticmaalka ilo kala duwan, professor dhiso la xiqiijiyay in xididdadiisa Ruush. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ku kala duwan oo keliya ma loo ogaado meesha of guriga Slavic isirka, laakiin sidoo kale loo gudbiyo qoondaynta waqti kala duwan ee Slavs ka bulshada Indo-Yurub.

Waxaa jira mala badan, sida laga soo xigtay oo Rusins iyo praotechestvo hore u jiray tan iyo dabayaaqadii III Millennium BC ah. e. (O. H. Trubachev) ka dhamaadka II Millennium. e. (Aqoonyahano Polish Tadeusz Lehr-Spławiński T., K. Yazhdzhevsky, Yu Kostshevsky iyo kuwa kale), ka dhexe II Millennium BC. e. (Professor Polish F. Slavskii), la VI. BC. e. (L. Niederle, M. Vasmer, P. J. Safarik, S. B. Bernshteyn).

The male horrayn cilmiyeed ku saabsan Slavs praotchizne waxaa laga heli karaa shuqullada taariikhyahanadu Ruush ah oo qarniyo XVIII-XIX. V. O. Klyuchevskogo, S. M. Solovova, N. M. Karamzina. In waxbarashada, waxay ku tiirsan yihiin "SHEEKADII Years teesto ah" oo soo gabagabeeyey in Rusyns hooyo qadiimiga Webiga Danube iyo Balkans.