Boxer Gardarro, sharaxaad, taariikhda, gool, sababaha iyo cawaaqibta

In November 1899 Shiinaha ayaa Boxer caasinimo qarxay. Tani waa qaab dad ah ayaa la faray ka dhanka ah ajaanibta daadadku Murashax. Dilkii adeegayaashan Yurub keenay awoodaha reer galbeedka dagaal Shiinaha.

Sababaha iyo ujeeddooyinka

Dhammaadkii qarnigii XIX ee Shiinaha si ay u gaadhaan da'da Empire Qing ah. Inkastoo horyaalka eegayey, gobolka this aan karin saameynta ay awoodaha reer galbeedka. First ee Beijing ahaayeen British. Waxay degeen oo keliya ma aha ee caasimada laakiin sidoo kale in dekedaha istaraatiiji ah oo muhiim ah. Yurub ahaayeen ugu xiiso ay saameyn ganacsiga gaarka ah ee East Asia, kuwaas oo ballan qaaday faa'iido weyn.

dhibaatooyin la mid ah Japan wajahay. In qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XIX ee dalka this bilaabay dib u habaynta si ay dib u habayn ku bulshada iyo dhaqaalaha si la Western. In Shiinaha, diinta ka mid ah ku guuldareystay. siyaasadaha isolationist ee reer Yurub ayaa sidoo kale waxay u yimaadeen inay waxba keentay.

carada ridayeen

First, awoodaha reer galbeedka ayaa ku koobnayn mudnaanta ganacsiga. Laakiin qeybtii labaad isla qarnigii XIX ay bilaabeen inay ku qabsadaan dekadaha Shiinaha. iyaga, dalka daadadku la ajaanibta adeegayaashan kaas oo baray ay ka mid yihiin diinta kiristaanka.

Anigu ma aan jeclaan dadka muxaafidka ah ee fudud. Intaa waxaa dheer, bilowgii 1890. Beeralayda ku dhacay dhowr abaaraha iyo masiibooyinka kale ee dabiiciga ah, ugu dambeyntii u diiday in ay beeraha horey u yar. carada masaakiinta ayaa keentay in xaqiiqda ah in caasinimo Boxer bilaabay in Shiinaha. In taariikheeya waxa ay sidoo kale waxaa loo yaqaan Boxer ah.

kacdoonkii lama filaan ah

Magaca "Boxer" ayaa loo xil saaray in ay xubno ka tirsan kooxaha ku lugta leh dagaalka ka dhanka ah shisheeyaha sameeyay. Markii hore, qaababka, kuwaas oo kala firdheen oo lama filaan ah, laakiin dhererka waqtiga, ay ku midoobeen in dhaqdhaqaaqa caadi ah wadaniyad waddani. Boxer caasinimo waxaa ugu horayn lagu jiheeyo adeegayaashan shisheeye iyo Chinese Nasaarada. xubnaha kooxda ku dhaqma banneeyey Nicmoolayda waxa asalka ah iyo diinta, ka soo diimaha dhaqanka Chinese amaahatay. sifo kale oo muhiim ah oo mucaaradka waxay ahaayeen joogto ah Dagaal feertan ah fasalada. Waa sababta oo ah taasi ay sidoo kale loo yaqaan "biireen waxaana".

Boxer ayaa ku biiray madaxda sare ee farsamo sabool ah, beeralay sabool ah, askari ciidanka ka dhigista, iyo xataa dhallinyarada iyo dumarka. Arintaan waxaa si gaar ah yaabay Yurub ee aan la caadaysteen in ay arkaan wax sidan oo kale guriga. Boxer caasinimo (gaar ahaan bilowga hore) ahaa ka baxsan qof ee ay gacanta ku. In macnaha guud ee ciidamada fowdo raadiyo badanaa weeraray ma aha oo kaliya in ay dadka ajnabiga ah, laakiin sidoo kale in ay tuulada soo ridayeen fudud. weerarrada noocan oo kale ah ku dhamaaday bililiqo. Tani qeyb ahaan waa sababta dad badan oo Shiinaha ma taageersani Boxer.

Charter gaadiidka

At Boxer lahaa xeer gooni ah 10 xeerarka in dilka uu ahaa mid khasab ah. charter Tani waxaa hal haysyo la mysticism, taas oo ah feature a caan dhaqdhaqaaqa oo dhan. Tusaale ahaan, "ayuu Feeryahannada" rumeysan yahay in ay leeyihiin uguma aysan la xiriirta projectiles iyo rasaas. fikrad Tani ayaa xitaa lagu xusan Axdiga.

Isla mar ahaantaana ihetuanej sharaxay dhimashada saaxiibbadood ka soo gaarey rasaas in dhimashada noqon karaa oo kaliya mid ka mid ah mucaaradka, kuwaas oo ay Iimaan ugu badiyay in ilaahyada runta ah. Duudsigaas waxaa loo ciqaabay si jinniyadu ka askari ka jeedsadeen. Sababaha macquulka ah Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa in aad kaydiso in dadku ka buuxay khuraafaad ah guuto anshax sare. Waqti ka, ka mid ah "biireen waxaana" ayaa lagu xukumay boobka, taas oo ah ciqaab dagaal oogayaasha. bililiqada kasta (oo ay ku jiraan dadka ajnabiga ah) askari lahaa in ay qaataan maamulka degmada. Waayo, Chinese Masiixiyiinta dabeecad ahaa aasaasiga ah. Heretic lahaa in la siiyo ilaa ay Iimaan cusub, haddii kale ayuu sugayay dhimasho.

Xoojinta oo ka mid ah ciidamada dowladda iyo mucaaradka

The qaab ugu horeeyay ee maxalli ihetuanej ka dhacay 1897. Laakiin loo baahan yahay laba sano si loo hubiyo in dhaqdhaqaaqa uu noqday miisaanka si dhab ah la taaban karo. Bishii November 1899, dawladda Shiinaha ayaa isku dayday in ay dejiyaan dib u habaynta ee dalka, laakiin waxa ay ku guuldareysteen. The bilaabaha iyo inspirer dabcan cusub ee Emperor Guangxu waxa la saaray. Edit jiray uu eedadii Cixi. Waxa uu si cad u taageeray mucaaradka.

Ka hor this, xuddunta u ah qaab ee waqooyiga China ayaa soo diray ciidanka Imperial. Waxay soo gaaray dhowr guul darro. Xaaladahan, dowladda dhexe iyo xabad xag oo bilaabay inuu sameeyo dagaalka ka dhanka ah dadka ajnabiga ah. Ka hor inta gool this Boxer caasinimo weli waa afgembigii dawladda, taas oo uu noqday jidka dib u habaynta pro-Western. Haddaba, dhigyo kuwaas oo laga saaray. By dhamaadka 1899 tirada mucaaradka ay gaareen 100 kun oo qof.

dab ka qarxay

ajnabiga ah intooda badan waxay ahaayeen in Beijing, halkaas oo, dhammaan ayuu ka sarreeyaa, ayaa sidoo kale ku yaal quarter diblomaasiyadeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax badan oo ka mid ah qurba joogta Yurub ahaayeen magaalooyinka kale .. Liaoyang, Jilin, Yingkou, Mukden, iwm waxay ahaayeen xarumaha ugu muhiimsan ee xiisadda. dhinaca Oromada Chinese cadhaysan iyo dilka adeegayaashan. Boxer (Boxer) kacdoonkii lagu qasbay dalalka reer galbeedka si ay u xoojiso si Shiinaha diro. Gaar ahaan firfircoon dareen this ahaa Russia, China oo haystay ilaa xad aad u weyn oo ku taala xuduuda.

Xoojiyo bilaabeen inay timaado boqortooyadiisa Qing ka Vladivostok iyo Port Arthur. In marxaladda ugu horeysa ee kacdoonkii ciidamada Ruush ee gobolka amray Evgeny Alekseev. Later, oo uu ku bedelay Nikolai Linevich. Dhanka kale, xasillooni ee Shiinaha ayaa noqonaya mid aad u daran. Dadkii badnaa waxa ay dab si kiniisadaha Yurub dhigay, oo ay ku jiraan kaniisadaha Orthodox, iyo dugsiyada. Dabayaaqadii May, ciidan weyn ee "biireen waxaana" dhaqaaqay Beijing. June 11, ciidankan ayaa ku soo gashay caasimadda iyo qoryaha, dhiig laga cabsado go'an, kuwaas oo ka mid ah dhibanayaasha shisheeye fara badan. ciidan Boxer u suurtagashay in ay soo gaadhi doonaan Mareykanka iyo Ingiriiska, kuwaas oo ka degay Tianjin oo u tegey si ay u badbaadiyaan isku wadanka yihiin ee Beijing. Tartiib tartiib colaadda la soo qaadey oo dhan awoodaha soo socda in ka yeesheen Shiinaha ee ka howgala gaar ah saameyn. Waxa ay ahayd Maraykanka, Germany, Japan, Austria-Hungary, Russia, UK, Italy, France, Spain, Holland iyo Belgium.

Dhiig ku daatay ee Beijing

Muddo, dawladda Shiinaha, ogaaday in qarka u saaran dagaal weyn, isku dayeen in ay la xaajooto Yurub. farsamooyinkooda dowladda Qing u dhaxeeya awoodaha shisheeye iyo mucaaradka ma noqon karaan kuwo aan la koobi karayn. Empress Cixi lahaa si ay u go'aamiyaan kooxda waxaa si qeexan doono. June 21, 1900 si rasmi ah waxaa lagu dhawaaqey dagaal ay reer Yurub iyo Japan. factor The muhim in iyada go'aan si ay u noqdaan Woyanaha ayaa ah ku kacaan Boxer degmada safaaradda ee Beijing ee maalin ka hor. In koorsada of xilli of cabsi dilay Safiirka Jarmalka ee Shiinaha.

Empress u soo baxeen inay isbahaysi la Jamhada in meesha ugu horeysa maxaa yeelay, waxay ka baqay yaroow ahaynba badan ajaanibta. cabsi Tani waxay xaq. Sababaha kacdoonkii Boxer waxay ahaayeen in neceb dadka Masiixiyiinta ah. Habeenka June 24, 1900, taas waxay keentay in xanaaqay in dhammaan Shiinaha ee Beijing ayaa lagu dilay, diin galbeedka. dhacdo aad looga cabsado noqday kuwa loo yaqaan ee Europe sida cusub St. Bartolomayos. Later, dhibbanayaasha xasuuqii ayaa canonized by Church Orthodox ah.

guuldaradii ee mucaaradka

Ciidamada August 2 huwanta ay weerar ku qaaday Beijing. 13 tirada ciidamada Ruush muuqday duleedka magaalada. Empress isla markiiba tagay caasimadda iyo dhaqaaqay Xi'an. Boxer caasinimo (Boxer caasinimo) ee Shiinaha gaadhay jiro boosaska. Jabiyaan ku qanacsanayn in Beijing ka dhigan tahay in xilli ciyaareedkan oo dhan lagu qiimaynayo ka dhanka ah dadka ajnabiga ah.

Foosha xun ee caasimadda bilaabay on 15-kii August. Maalinta xigta, Beijing ahaa in gacmaha awoodaha huwanta. Haddaba, weyn ee ay xoogga dhiig noqday Manchuria. Bishii Oktoobar, gobolka waqooyi ayaa si buuxda u qabsadeen ciidamada Ruush. Howlgalkan waxuu si buuxda u dhigan caasinimo Boxer ah. Cawaaqibka faragelinta shisheeye aan cad ka mid ah dowladda Shiinaha ama dalalka xulufada. Xitaa ka hor mucaaradka ayaa ugu danbeyn ka adkaaday, awoodaha European bilaabay qaybta Backstage Qing pie.

natiijooyinka

September 7, 1901 adkaaday Shiinaha lasoo gabagabeeyay iyadoo awoodaha reer galbeedka, ee loo yaqaan "warbixinta kama dambaysta ah" ayuu. heshiiska waxaa ka mid ah qodobada in ay ka sii xumeeyay xaaladda Empire Qing ah. Dowladda Shiinaha ayaa ballan qaaday in ay ciqaabayaan oo dhan hogaamiyayaasha mucaaradka, in ay ku burburiyaan qaar ka mid ah qalcado ay, si uu u gudbiyo in ajaanibta 12 magaalo mamnuucaan dhammaan ururada waxqabad koodu waxaa loo jiheeyo Yurub.

Xaaladaha ayaa addoonsiga, laakiin madaxda Shiinaha ay lahayn xoog ay iska caabin ah dalabaadka kuwan. Boxer caasinimo, ee gaaban, ka dhigay is burinaya ee gobolka xataa qaar badan oo ka adag tahay. In dhamaadka, ka dib 11 sano, waxay keentay in dayrta ee xoogga Imperial ee Shiinaha.