Bilow daabacaadda ee Russia

Bilow daabacaadda ee Russia, taariikhda kaas oo dhawaan noqday mawduuca dood badan, waxaa inta badan la xidhiidha magacyada Ivan Fedorov iyo Petr Mstislavets in on amarka Tsar Ivan IV aasaasay dhulka guriga daabacaadda Ruush ugu horeysay ee Kremlin ee.

Waqtigaa ee Western Europe, daabacaadda waxa uu noqday arrin caadi ah, ka dib markii Johannes Gutenberg qarnigii XV bartamihii Been abuurtay, sida aad aan ku qoroto kartaa buugga by gacanta iyo iyaga u daabacaa mashiinno gaar ah, daabacaadda muuqday in magaalooyin badan oo waaweyn oo Yurub ah. Farshaxan, waayo, reer Yurub waxay ahayd muhiim, horumarinta dhaqan-dhaqaale oo ay weheliso horumarka sayniska iyo farsamada ay noqon lahaayeen kuwa si fudud wax aan macquul aheyn oo aan ka qabashada baahida loo qabo in kaydinta iyo isu gudbinta macluumaadka.

Farshaxan ee Russia lahaa dhowr shuruudaha kale. Halkan printings ahaayeen lagama maarmaan, ugu horreeya oo dhan, si ay u xoojiyaan waxay caqiiddo ahaan awood sii kordhaysa oo ka mid ah KT iyo Church Orthodox ah. Taasi waa wax soo saarka mass of buugaagta ee hanuuninta diinta ahaa, ra'yiga Ivana Groznogo, ma aha oo kaliya in la mideeyo dhammaan buugaagta kaniisadda, takhalusaya ku dhaco muuqday dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaxaltooyo, laakiin sidoo kale in la abuuro saldhig u lagama maarmaan fikirka for qaabkaaga ee Russia sida xoog weyn.

Bilow daabacaadda ee Russia kicisaa dhowr su'aalood. Marka hore, taariikhda la hadlo ee Ivan Fedorov iyo daabacaadda ugu horeysay ee waa mid aad u caddeyn iyo caddayn. Waxaa intaa dheer, in warqadihii Ivana Groznogo ku xusan oo xidhiidh la leh bilow ah ee wax soo saarka warshadaha ee buugaagta dadka sida Marusha Nefed'ev iyo Vasyuk Nikiforov, faahfaahinta oo aan meesha joogin. xogta aasaasiga ah si toos ah oo ku saabsan Ivan Fedorov iyo Peter Mstislavets ku jira shuqullada qarnigii XVII horeba.

Second, haddii jaraa'id daabacaadda ee Russia waxaa inta badan la xidhiidha in la sii daayo ee Moscow ee 1564 buugga "Rasuulka The", weli waa bilowgii qarnigii XIX ee duurka ku of view of taariikhyahanadu helay kitaabkii, taas oo, sida lagu muujiyey by baaritaan dheeraad ah, ayaa la daabacay Moscow ka hor taariikhda in. Qubarada ayaa ilaa hadda cadeeyeen todoba buugaagta sida, saddex ka mid ah Injiillada Afar ka, Psalms, iyo laba laba-påskris Triodion.

Saddexaad, ayaa sheegay in badan oo ku saabsan in ka hor inta Fedorov ee Moscow iyo magaalooyin kale oo ka mid ah sayidkooda Ruush, gaar ahaan ka mid ah Macaabidda Yuhuud, kuwaas oo isku dayay in la abuuro dukaanka print inay halkaas daabacdo buugaag diimeed ah. In edition this ee publications soo saaray iyaga by in ay ahayd weyn oo ku filan, inkastoo tayada shaqada ka baxo badan waxaa loo doonayaa.

Sida laga soo xigtay taariikhda rasmiga ah, bilowgii daabacaadda in Russia ay sabab u tahay shaqada gaarka ah in Ivan Grozny lala Macarius Metropolitan siiyey Ivan Fedorov. Si aad u gudato waajibaadkeeda this bilaabay bishii April 19, 1563, oo kaliya ka dib markii ku dhawaad sanad ka, March 1, 1564, waxay daabacday ugu horeysay "Rasuulka" ah. Tayada kitaabkan in siyaabo badan oo ay ka sareeyaan dhigooda shisheeye, laakiin wareegga uu aadka u yar. Sannad ka dib, Fedorov iyo Mstislavets daabacay Moscow "Breviary", ka dib markii taas waxaa ku qasbay in ay ka baxaan in Rzeczpospolita, kaas oo abuuray jaraa'id daabacaadda cusub oo soo saaray ugu horeysay la daabacay ee "ABC."

Ka dib markii Fedorov tagay Moscow, uu shaqada ee caasimada Ruushka sii Nikifor Tarasievym iyo Andaronikos, kuwaas oo la sii daayay "Psalms" 1568kii. In kasta oo hadda ka dhacay dab kaas oo si buuxda u baabbi'iyey reerkii daabaco, habka wax soo saarka warshadaha buugga laga yaabaa in aan la joojin. Russia waxaa si tartiib ah u dhaqaaqin Jidka Nuurin la'aantiis.

Bilow daabacaadda ee Russia, inkastoo dhamaan cadaymaha ay u doodda taariikhda iyo fasiraadaha kala duwan, waxa ay noqotay guul muhiim ah ee taariikhda dalkeena. Abuuritaanka daabacaadda Moscow ah wax soo saarka warshadaha ee buugaagta ku adkeeyay danta weyn dadweynaha ee dadka wax qora iyo abuuray shuruud ah u ah horumar kale ee dalka.