The Emperor of All Russia Ivan 3: Biography, inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada

The Emperor of All Russia Ivan 3 waxa uu ku dhashay xilli buuxa dhacdooyin aad u waaweyn oo la xidhiidha weerarada isqabqabsi ee tataarka iyo halgan qadhaadh amiirro khiyaano uga buuxdaa, oo khiyaanay. In taariikhda Russia, wuxuu galay sida a ururiyaha dalalka Ruushka. Waxaa lagu qeexay buuxnaantiisa oo ah doorkii uu ku dhiso dawlad ah, kuwaas oo markii dambe ka qeyb qaatay lixaad dunida.

carruurnimada hareeyay

On maalin jiilaalka qabow, January 22, 1440 badan Moscow hir dhawaaqa dawanno - naagtii Grand Prince Vasily II Mariya Yaroslavna si ammaan ah u dhiibay. Rabbigu wuxuu soo diray wiilkiisii taliyihii iyo kii dhaxalka lahaa, doonanayn baabtiiska quduuska ah, Ivan sharaf of St. Ioanna Zlatousta, kuwaas oo xasuusta loo dabaal in maalmaha soo socda.

The farxadaha carruurnimada farxad iyo riixdey, dhallinyarada amiirka grand ka dhammaadeen marka, in 1445 xulka Suzdal aabbihiis hoos ayaa lagu wada adkaaday guutooyinkiisii Tatar, oo amiir u ahaa in thrall reer Khan Ulu-Muhammed. Dadka deegaanka ee Moscow iyo taliyihii ku meel gaar ah Dmitriy Yurevich Shemyaka waxay sugayeen duulaankii dhaw ee howlno ee magaalada, taas oo shaki la'aan siiyey kor u argagaxa iyo kuwo Quusan.

Waa khiyaano cadaawayaashaada Duke

Laakiin markan Rabbiga dhibaato awday, iyo in muddo ah ka dib, Prince Vasili ku soo laabtay, laakiin Muscovites lagu qasbay in ay u diraan si ay u xaddi furasho Horde in wadarta xad dhaaf ah u yeeshaa. Qanacsanayn dadka deegaanka ka faa'ideystay taageerayaasha cusub ee dhadhansiinno Dadka awood Dmitriya Shemyaki iyo sameeyey shirqoolay ay madax xalaal.

Novgorod Chronicle sheegayaa sida on jidka loo Xajka u Trinity-taliye Sergiyos Bawlos Lavra Vasily III ahaa khiyaano qabtay iyo tiray amar Shemyaka. Tani waxay sababtay fadhiya meel isaga ka dambaysa naaneesta "Dark The", kaasoo uu kula loo yaqaan ilaa maantadan la joogo. Si aad xaq yahay falalka shirqoolkii ay bilaabeen warkeeda in Basil si ula kac ah u keenay tataarka ee Russia oo wuxuu siiyey Naxariista hoos timaada magaalada iyo kaniisadda.

la Prince of Tver Midowga

Mustaqbalka Grand Duke Ivan III walaalihiis ka yar iyo kuwii gobta ahaa kuwaasi oo ku sugnaa aamin ah u soo aabbihiis, ka baxsaday usurper ee Murom, laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan u suurtagashay in ay khiyaamo si ay usoo jiitaan amiir dhallinyarada grand ee Moscow, ka dibna soo diray in Uglich, halkaas jirtaa xabsiga aabbihiis. Way adag tahay in la dhiso sababta uu sameeyo mustaqbalka - haddii uu ka cabsaday cadhadii Rabbiga, ama, u badan tahay, lahaa in faa'iidadiisa, laakiin kaliya dhawr bilood Shemyaka sii daayay ka dib markii tiray iyaga maxaabiis ahaanta u kaxaystay, oo wuxuu isaga siiyey oo haysta gaar Vologda.

Xisaabinta Adkaan aan dhammayn iyo bilo ku qaatay xabsi, jejebiyey oo maxbuuska ah ayaa u muuqday inuu Shemyaka qalad dilaa ah in isaga ku kici danbe nolosha. Marka lacag la'aan ah, Basil iyo wiilkiisa u tageen inay Prince Tver ku Boris, oo isagii axdi kula dhigtay, ugu dhakhsaha badan u muuqday in Moscow madaxa kooxda weyn. Itobiya usurper dhacay, markaasuu Laakiish u cararay Uglich. Waayo ammaanka weyn, waxaa la sameeyey hawlgelinta lix sano ah amiirka grand ee Ivan Boris gabadhii Princess Mary, oo wakhtigaas ahaa sano kaliya afar jir ah.

Ololaha military ugu horeysay

In ka maalmood jir ah carruurta ku koray goor hore oo kale, ma aha la yaab leh in in da'da sagaal, kii dhaxalka lahaa bilaabaa in uu in loo gudbiyo Duke Grand ah, iyo in 1452, Tsar mustaqbalka ee All Russia Ivan 3 madaxdii ciidamada aabbihiis soo diray in ay qabsadaan Ustyug qalcaddayda Kokshengu, taas oo muujinaysa laftiisa si fiican loo aasaasay Voivod.

Qabsashada Shuushan oo magaaladiina way dhaceen, Ivan in Moscow ku noqday. Halkan iyadoo ay wada joogaan oo ka mid ah wadaadada sare, iyo kulanka of dad badan, wuxuu ahaa laba iyo toban aroos waxaa si sharci ah ku guursaday uu aroosadda toban sannadood. Isla mar ahaantaana, dadka aamin of Prince sumoobay Uglich waxaa qarinaya Shemyaka badan joojiyo in ismuudsiin uu si xoog iyo joojiyay isqabqabsi qabta.

On marinkii xeerka madax banaan

In sano ee ku xiga, Ivan III noqday co-Ninkaas la aabbihiis iyo Basil II si la mid ah sidii uu waa in loo gudbiyaa Duke Grand ah. qadaadiicda soo kicisid xiliyo la "ospodari Dhamaan Russia" qorniinkan ilaa maantadan la joogo. In muddo this oo boqornimadiisa waa silsilad olole millatari isqabqabsi, kaas oo, hanuuniyey by ah sheeko khibrad Voivod Fyodor, uu fahamsan yahay farshaxanka generalship, kaas oo xirfado la dambe loo baahan yahay.

In 1460 Vasiliy Tomny dhinto, isagoo dardaaran u sameeyey intuusan dhiman, sida uu sheegay oo boqornimadii Ivan III kordhiyay in inta badan magaalooyinka dalka. Waan ku ah iyo inta kale oo wiilashiisa oo la iloobin aadan, siinta kasta patrimonies appanage. uu dhintay ka dib, Ivan waxa aabbihiis by la siinayo kasta oo ka mid ah walaalo ah oo dhulka sababo la isaga, oo waxay noqdeen taliye calaacalaha cusub oo kibir Moscow ee.

tallaabooyinka u horeeya ee

Fogaato noqday Maaddaama dirir siyaasadda gudaha iyo dirir dibadda, iyo labaatan Ivan III, helay ka dib geeridii aabbihiis, awoodda oo dhan waxa uu ahaa taliye si fiican-la aasaasay. Isagoo ka Basil II weyn dhaxlay, laakiin si liidata abaabulay kibir maamulka, maalmood ee ugu horreeya boqornimadii line adag ay xoojinta iyo balaarinta wuxuu qabtay oo kaxeeyey.

Si aad u qaadan amar buuxa, John horrayn daryeeli ku saabsan xoojinta booska guud ee gobolka. Ujeedada this, wuxuu hore u xaqiijiyay soo gabagabeeyay heshiis la kibir Tver iyo Belozersk, iyo sidoo kale xoogaystay saamaynta ay Ryazan, gelinayn on boqornimadii uu qofka oo aad u fiican ah, oo isaga mooyaane walaashiis u gaar ah.

ballaarinta xuduudaha ee dalka

In ka todobaatanaadkii hore, Ivan III bilaabay sababta ugu weyn ee uu naftiisa - xiriir si aad inta kale ee Moscow madaxda Ruush, kuwii hore ka mid ah oo ahaa dalkii hantida u ahaa Alexander Yaroslavl Prince ka Fedorovich, kuwaas oo ku dhintay 1471. Uu helay wanaag, heshay darajo ee boyar, midiidin aamin ah oo ka mid ah taliyayaasha Moscow noqday.

Waayo, madax Yaroslavl raacay Dmitrov, ayaa sidoo kale soo gudbay oo hoos timaad maamulka Grand Duke ee Moscow. Waxa uu ahaa ugu dhakhsaha badan ku soo biiray iyo Rostov dalka, kaas oo amiirradii oo doortay inuu ku biiro madaxda sare ee ku abtirsan u adeega oo ay deris awood badan.

Fatxi ee Novgorod iyo dhalashada horyaalka cusub

meel gaar ah ayaa ka mid ahaa "kulan ee dalka Ruushka", sida habka noqday ka dib yaqaan, qaadataa qabashada Moscow madax banaan ilaa markaas Novgorod, waa in la barbardhigo madaxda fara badan, ganacsiga xorta ah iyo dawlad-goboleedka laandheere. Ciidamada Novgorod fidiyey on muddo dheer, 1471 si ay u 1477, oo ka mid ahaa labadii xilli ciidamada, kuwii hore ka mid ah taas oo ku dhamaatay iyadoo lacag qaansiin badan oo Novgorod, iyo tan labaad oo keentay in khasaare dhamaystiran oo xornimada magaalada this qadiimiga ah.

Waxa ay ahayd dhamaadka socodka ah Novgorod uu noqday durkin taariikhda, markii Ivan 3 noqday Emperor of All Russia. Tani waxay qayb ka dhacay by fursad. Laba ka mid ah Novgorod, kuwaas oo u yimid in ay Moscow on ganacsiga, xisaabiyenimo codsi hagaajiyaa Duke Grand ah, lid ku ah waqti ka hor daaweynta "Rabbi", loo isticmaalo erayga "Qaranimo". Hadday tahay warqada ula kac ah ama shil ah qalinka by sasabasho ah, laakiin dadka oo dhan, iyo gaar ahaan in ay Prince, sida hadal ah oo dareen daacad uu maanka. Waqtigaa, oo ay go'aansadeen in ay u yeelaan ansaxiyo Ivan 3 horyaalka Emperor of All Russia.

Duulaankii ee khan Tataarka Akhmad

Waqti uu madaxa kibir Moscow ahaa Emperor of All Russia Ivan 3, dhaco dhacdada ugu muhiimsan ee taariikhda, joojiyo in ay xoogga Horde ah. Waxaa la og yahay sida on Ugra taagan. Waxay waxaa ka hormarey taxane ah oo isku dhacyada gudaha gobolka Tataarka gudahood, natiijada taas oo ahayd in ay burbur iyo itaal weyn. Ka faa'iidaysanaya this, John 3, Tsar koowaad ee All Russia, ayaa diiday in uu bixiyo cashuur go'an, iyo xitaa ku amray dil oo ergooyinkii loogu talagalay isaga.

dhiiran noocan oo kale ah la kahdo ifbaxa ka hor la siiyaa khan Tataarka Akhmad, heshiis hordhac ah la taliyaha Lithuanian Casimir, si ay u bilaabaan olole ka dhan ah Russia. In xagaagii 1480, wuxuu ahaa ciidan faro badan wata gudbay Oka iyo degeen on the bangiyada webiga Ugra. Waxa uu la harjadaya sidii ay hor tago ciidankii Ruush, kaas oo shakhsi ahaa madax Ivan 3, ee Emperor of All Russia. Si kooban u sharaxaya dhacdooyinkii xiga, waxaa la ogaadaa in iyagu ma ay sii galay colaad oo baaxad weyn, oo waxay ku koobnayn oo kaliya in tirada weerarada cadowga, badbaadiyay by Russia.

Dhameystirka ah harqood Mongol-Tatar oo daciifisa of Lithuania

Ka dib markii taagan Ugra ka hor bilawga ah ee jiilaalka, oo aan sugin daryeelka Casimir yaboohay oo ka cabsan wefdigii amiirka, ku sugayay iyagii dhinaca kale, tataarka ee lagu qasbay inay uga noqda. Eryaday by Russia, waxay si qoto dheer ayaa galay dhulka Lithuanian, oo naxariis darro ah dhici uga aargoosanayaan xadgudub ku ah ballan qaadyadooda amiirka.

Waxay ahayd ma aha oo kaliya duulaankii ugu dambeeyey ee weyn ee reer guuraa in Russia in dhameystirtay inta lagu guda jiro harqood Tatar-Mongol, laakiin sidoo kale Duchy itaal Lithuania muhiim ah, waxaa si joogto ah ugu hanjabay by soohdimaha galbeed ee gobolka. Tan iyo colaadda muddada this iyaga la si gaar ah ba'an, tan iyo markii uu ku biiray Ivan III Moscow meelaha princedom la taaban karo waxaa ka mid ahaa ka soo horjeeda iyada oo qorshayaasha taliyayaasha Lithuanian.

Siyaasadda xagga Khanate Crimean iyo Kazan

Siyaasi xariif ah iyo fog arkay Ivan III, inta lagu guda jiro kuwaas oo boqornimadiisa ahaayeen muddo ah halganka ka socda ee madaxbanaanida ee gobolka Ruush, si loo xakameeyo gardarada Lithuanians galay isbahaysi la Crimean Khanate ah, Somaliland iyadoo ay sabab u halganka internecine of Horde mar xoog badan Golden ah. Sida laga soo xigtay inay maxaabiista la heshiisyada Moscow, taliyayaasha ay si joogta ah uga xunyihiin baadhitaankooda Russia dhulka colaad, oon ku wiiqday soo horjeeda ay ka iman kara.

Mid aad u xun waxay ahaayeen xiriirka ah ee Emperor of All Russia la Khanate Kazan ah. Soo noqnoqda Tatar laleh qasbay Russia ay ku fulin karaan qaar ka mid ah jawaabaha, ku dhammaaday fashil. Dhibaatadaan ayaa ku hadhay xallin ilaa dhamaadka boqortooyada Ivan III iyo Dhaxli ay bedelka.

dhismaha Ivangorod

Ku biirista kibir Moscow ee Novgorod siiyey kor u qaada dhibaato cusub - deriskiisa waqooyi-galbeed ee Ruushka noqday Livonia. Taariikhda xiriirka dalka tan ku ogaado heerarka kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan waqti nabad la raacay by dagaalada hubaysan. Waxaa ka mid ah tallaabooyinka ay qaaday Emperor of All Russia Ivan 3 ammaanka xadka, meesha ugu muhiimsan ayaa waxaa kujira dhismaha ee 1492 ee Ivangorod qalcaddii on Narva Webiga.

ballaarinta dheeraad ah oo kibir Moscow ee

Ka dib qabsashadii of Novgorod, marka Ivan 3 ayaa loo magacaabay Emperor of All Russia, iyaga ku biiro dalalka cusub ayaa si wayn u xoojinaya. Laga bilaabo 1481, kibir ee Moscow kordhiyay sabab u noqoshada ee dhulalka ay hore ay lahaayeen oo ahaa taliyihii Andrei Vologda yar ka dibna Vereisky Duke Mikhail Andreyevich.

dhib baa jiray hoos jooge ah ee Moscow, Tver kibir, wixii ay bixiyeen waxay ku bilaabatay si loo soo afjaro ilaa in dagaallada hubaysan, ku dhamaaday guul Ivan. Ku fashilmeen in ay ilaaliyaan madaxbanaanida sida Ryazan iyo dalka Pskov, sayidka u ahaa kaas oo, ka dib halgan dheer laakiin guuleysan ahaa Moscow Prince Ivan III.

Biography The of this taliye caan ah dalka Ruushka ayaa la kala saari Karin xidhiidh la isbadal uu ka dhaxlay tiro yar oo kibir galay dawlad awood leh. Waxaa gobolka this waxa uu noqday ku saleysan oo dhan ee mustaqbalka Russia ee, taas oo uu ku soo galay qorna ee Ivan Weyn. baaxadda Isbadal this ay ka go'an saf ah taliye ka mid ah tirada ugu badan Sharaf taariikhda Ruush.

safarka Life uu dhameeyey October 27, 1505, oo kaliya si kooban ka tagay xaas Sofyu Paleolog. Presentiment dhimashada aaddan, Ivan Veliky ka arrimaha tegey. Bilihii ugu danbeeyay ayuu u huray in booqashada meelaha quduuska ah. Dambas "urursada ee dalka Ruush" afar qarniyo lagu aasay Cathedral Mikaa'iil, oo ku yaalla Kremlin Moscow ee, derbiyada oo la dhisay intii uu boqornimadii, iyo qarniyo hadhay taallo in Zaman, taas oo ahayd abuuraha Ivan 3. horyaalka ee Emperor of All Russia ka dib markii uu galay joogta ah a qalabka iyo iska lahaa kuwaas oo fursad u helay in kori carshiga oo dhan.