Peter Mstislavets: nolosha ah hindisa weyn

Ivan Fedorov waxaa loo arkaa inay aasaasihii oo ka mid ah knigopechati Ruush. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dad badan ma ogaan in uu ahaa ku xigeenka daacad Peter Mstislavets. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxa uu ahaa iyada oo loo marayo dadaalka uu sayidkiisii weyn awooday in ay soo afjarto shaqada on jaraa'id daabacaadda cusub.

Sidaa darteed, waa cadaalad in ay ka hadlaan oo ahaa isku Peter Mstislavets? Waa maxay horumarka, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan si ay u gaadhaan? Iyo wixii macluumaad taariikhi ah ka badbaaday oo ku saabsan?

dhalashada hanad weyn

Way adag tahay in la yidhaahdo waxa iska lahaa guryaha ee Peter Mstislavets. Biography The ninkan waayo, tiro ka mid ah sababaha liidata sii raagayaan. Waxaan kaliya ogtahay in uu ku dhashay ee bilowgii qarnigii XVI ee u dhow ee Mstislav. Maanta, magaalada waxaa ku yaal soohdinta reer Belarus, iyo wakhtigii jir ah waxa uu ahaa a Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Haddii aad aaminsan tahay taariikhda, macallinka Peter dhallinyarada qudhiisu wuxuu noqday Francis Skorina. Waxa uu ahaa saynisyahan a si fiican u yaqaan iyo falsafo, oo noqday qoraaga waraaqo badan oo cilmi ah. Xataa maanta, dad badan oo Belarusians xusuusto sida hanad weyn fog ka hor inta uusan mar. Waa sayidkii baray uu arday farshaxanka daabacaadda, in uu qaddar bedelay weligiis.

Kulan

Taariikhyahanadu weli ku heshiin karin in Mstislavets opinion sababta Peter tageen in ay ku noolaadaan Moscow. Laakiin halkan ahayd in uu noqday ogyahay Ivanom Fedorovym - yaqaan adeegto Moscow iyo knigopistsem. Waqtigaas, Fedorov ayaa wuxuu lahaa guri ku daabacan, laakiin waa degdeg ugu baahan casriyeynta.

Peter isku raaceen si ay u caawiyaan saaxiib cusub, sida shaqada this ahaa uu ka jeelahay. Sidaa darteed, bilowga ah ee 1563 waxay bilaabeen inay horumariyaan qaab daabacaad cusub. Marxaladani waxay socotay muddo sannad ah, laakiin waxa ay si buuxda loo bixiyo dadaal oo dhan.

Daabacaadda First Moscow

Shaqadooda kowaad wuxuu ahaa buug Orthodox ah "Rasuulka The", kaas oo la daabacay March 1, 1564. Waxay ahayd nuqul ka mid ah a publications ruuxi ah oo caan ah ayaa la isticmaalay iyo kuwa wakhtigaas tababarka wadaaddada. doorashada Tani waxa ay ahayd arrin iska cad, tan iyo markii Butros iyo Ivan Fedorov Mstislavets dhab ah ahaayeen Mu'miniinta.

In 1565, odayga ha kitaab kale Orthodox loo yaqaan "Breviary." Oo ay bannaan tahay oo ku saabsan degmooyinka si degdeg ah la ballaariyo, taas oo si weyn u cadhoodo, buugaagta liis garaysan maxaliga ah. Farshaxan New hanjabo ay "ganacsi", oo ay go'aansadeen inay ka takhalusaan-noqon lahaa qorayaasha.

Care of Moscow iyo salka ay warshad daabacaadda u gaar ah

maamulka laaluushay eedeeyay Fyodorov iyo Mstislavets faasiqnimo iyo mysticism, taas oo ah sababta ay uga soo tagtay magaalada uu ku dhashay. faa'iido u ah alifay farxad aqbalay hetman ku Lithuanian GA Hadkevich. Halkan saanacyadii dhisay jaraa'id daabacaadda cusub iyo xitaa daabacay buug isugu yeedhay "injiilka didactic" (Year - 1569).

Waxaa hoogtay, taariikhda waa iska aamusay, sababta jidka saaxiibo hore u baxay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la ogsoon yahay in Peter Mstislavets uu ka tagay jaraa'id daabacaadda ee Zabludovo oo u dhaqaaqay Vilna. Waa in la ogaadaa in Peter ma waqti dhumin in uu studio u gaar ah si been ah iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan u furay. u caawisay in walaalaha Ivan iyo Zinovy Zaretsky iyo baayacmushtariyadii Kuzma iyo Luka Mamoniches.

Si wada jir ah, waxay soo saaray saddexda buug: "Injiilka" (1575), "Psalms" (1576) iyo "Breviary" (oo ku saabsan 1576). Buugaagta la qoray typeface cusub oo loogu talagalay by Peter Mstislavets. By habka, in mustaqbalka uu noqon doonaa mid ku dayasho la abuuro of noocyada badan evangelical iyo isaga dhexdooda sheekh jira u ammaanaan.

End of story

Waa wax murugo leh, laakiin saaxiibtinimo ee isbahaysiga cusub ma socon dheer oo ku filan. In March 1576 tijaabo ah oo lagu qabtay, taas oo loo arko in ay xaq u leedahay saxaafadda daabaco. Garsooruhu ee Mamoniches go'aan walaalo qaaday dhammaan buugaagta daabacan, iyo Peter Mstislavets tagay iyo qalabka ku habboon si ay noocyada. Ka dib dhacdada, raad ku sayid weyn lumay ee taariikhda.

Oo weliba xataa maanta waxaa jira kuwa Ilaah xuska badan, kuwaas oo ahaa Peter Mstislavets. Photo of buugaagta uu inta badan ka soo muuqan ee horyaalka ee website-ka Maktabada Qaranka ee Belarus, sida ay tahay in waxa la hayo nuqul yar shuqulladiisa. Iyo mahad iyaga ammaanta buugga sayidkiisa wuxuu u iftiimaa sida dhalaalaysa sidii waagii jir ah, siinta waxyoonay alifay dhallinyarada.