Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Grand Duchy of Lithuania bilaabay inuu qaab qaataan muddo ah isbedel la taaban karo ee xaaladda caalamiga ah.

Inta lagu guda jiro formation of state qabtay qabsashadii dhulka ugu badan ee Russia ka Mongol-tataarka. Dhab ahaantii Tani waa wanaagsan, sida Grand Duchy reer Lithuania waxaa sidaas ilaaliyo duulaanka ah ee dhinaca bari ee qarnigii soo socda.

Tan iyo markii qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 12aad, Lithuanians loo qaybiyay laba kooxaha qowmiyadeed. hore waxaa ka mid ah Lithuania sare (aukshtayte), kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - hoose ama "Zhmud" (Zemaite).

Waa in la ogaadaa in Lithuanians waxay ahaayeen heer hoose ee horumarka siyaasadeed ee dadyowga East Slavic badan. Tartiib tartiib, amiirradii Lithuanian in qaar ka mid ah magaalooyinka dalka Ruushka ayaa lagu ansixiyey wuxuu looxyadii ku. Ka dib markii Mindaugas (Lithuanian amiirka) cadaawayaashiisa Halaagtay, waxaa jira a "dhexe". Muddadan waxa uu bilaabo inuu dhiso muhimka ah ee gobolka cusub. Grand Duchy of Lithuania iyo Ruush ay sii xuubsiiban iyo qaateyaasha Duke Mindaugas, gaar ahaan inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Gediminas. Iyada oo boqornimadiisa ee gobolka galeen dalka reer Lithuania top iyo ku lifaaqan darina territory Black rus (Poneman). Grand Duchy of Lithuania in isaga iyo qaar ka mid ah Turov-Pinsk iyo dalka Polotsk ku biiro.

Caasimadda ah ee gobolka muddo jiray gayiga Ruush ee Novgorodok Lithuanian. Markaas, waxaa la dhaqaaqay Vilna.

Macaamilo si ay u sameeyaan gobolka cusub, kaas oo soo bilowday ugu horeeyay ee Grand ugaasyadii reer Lithuania (Gediminas iyo Mindaugas), ka dib markii ay sii Algirdas iyo Kęstutis. hawlaha lagu qaybsan u dhaxeeya. Sayidka, difaaca dalka ee ka dhanka ah Knights jiifay ee saaran garbaha Keistut, Algirdas ayaa ku hawlan qabashada dhulal Ruush. Sidaas darteed, Grand Duchy reer Lithuania inuu ku soo biiro Kiev, Polotsk, Volyn, meesha Chernihiv-Seversky, iyo sidoo kale daraftiisa. dalka Ruush Old sidaas ayaa xaaladda madaxbannaan.

Dhamaadkii qarnigii 14aad ee gobolka Polish jaray taliyayaashii guri ammaan gaaban. Waxa uu kor uguma carshiga Polish gabadha Louis ee Jadwiga. Ka dib markii dabaaldega ah, guurka waxaa qandaraas u dhexeeya Jadwiga iyo Jagiello (bedelka of Algirdas).

Ka dib markii arooska, Jagiello iyo ururka Jadwiga Krevo la saxiixay 1385 (Union of Lithuania iyo Poland). Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jiray baabtiis jaahilka ah Lithuania ee iimaanka Catholic. Tani waxay keentay in ay daciifaan ka mid ah iimaanka Orthodox iyo tirtiridda diinta jaahilka.

Period 14-15 qarniyo calaamadeeyay iyo mucaaradka gudaha sameeyay wiilal Olgerda Keistut generic iyo laamaha. Sidaas darteed, Grand Duchy of Lithuania waxaa loo kala qaybiyey goobo saamayneed. Boqor tuulooyinka Lithuania Vytautas (ina Keistut).

Sida laga soo xigtay taariikhyahan, muddo this ahaa talinaysay ee gobolka.

Ka dib dhimashadii Vytautas Zaman ee hoos taariikhda Lithuania.

In 1413 wuxuu ahaa xabsi union of horodło. Iyada oo nidaamka saxiixa ay ku bilaabataa kibir polonization Catholic iyo faafinta. Intaa waxaa dheer, la soo gunaanaday Gorodelskoy ururka bilaabay inuu abuuro shuruud u ah weerar lagu qaaday dhulka Ruush ee Poland Grand Duchy.

The xaaladaha la abuuray ee dalka, gacan ka dhicin dagaalkii. In ilo taariikhiga ah waxa loo yaqaan "kacdoonkii Svidrigaylo" (ina Algirdas). Lithuania waxaa loo kala qaybiyay laba qaybood. Sigismund (Keistut ina) fadhiistay Lithuania. On Ruush ah dalalkan oo boqor ka noqday Svidrigaylo. Uu caasinimo waxaa cadaadis.

dhimashada Sigismund Ka dib uguma carshiga Casimir. Intii uu xukunka, dhulka Lithuanian weheliso soo kabanayo salaysan siyaasadda Uniate. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay weli kacsan.

Casimir sii shuqulka u hadha uu - Sigismund iyo Alexander. iyaga ka dib, guddigu gaaray Sigismund Augustus. In dagaalka socda ee u dhexeeya dawladda Ruush iyo Lithuania ee 1569 uu xabsi ku Poland, Midowga Lublin. Waxa aad u muhiim ah in taariikhda horumarka ee bariga iyo badhtamaha Europe ahaa. Ka dib markii la soo gabagabeeyo ururka muuqday Rzeczpospolita - xoog cusub, oo ay ka mid Duchy Grand ay maareeyeen in ay ilaaliyaan madax banaanida gaar ah.