Taariikhda Ruble ah. Sidee Ruble ah

Ruble ayaa loo arkaa unit lacageed taariikhiga Ruush. Ruble Provenance si rasmi ah uu bilaabo la Novgorod warqado jilif bjørk bilaabo qarnigii XIII, laakiin taariikhyahanadu badan isku raacsan yihiin in Ruble waa fikrad lacageed jiray ka hor, laga yaabee in tan iyo qarnigii tobnaad.

Asalkii fikradda

Taariikhda dhacdo of Ruble ay si toos ah xiriir la leh taariikhda Land Novgorod ah. Xusuuso waxay marka hore qoraal ah oo Ruble la taariikhaysan 1281-1299 GG. Inkastoo madaxda badan oo kala Ruush riyaaqay Kiev hryvnia sida unit lacageed. Waxaan u qaadan karnaa in sheekada waa in la sii wado Ruble ama "laan" taariikhda hryvnia ah.

Bilowga ee qarnigii XIII ee Novgorod in dabcan waxay ahaayeen 200-garaam buljoonka lacag ah oo ah qaab ah ulaha in ay qaab kiish iyo miisaanka garabaka hryvnia ah - unugga lacageed ee Kievan rus. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in la barbardhigo Kiev, Novgorod, goosimo ka mid ah ayaa loo yaqaan "Ruble".

Taariikhda Ruble Ruush xidha magaca unugga lacagta leh lyudom Ruush fudud. Sida magaca waa la kala duwanaayeen ay xubno ka yihiin qaab guud waxay u badan tahay in Ruble ku noqday kuwa loo yaqaan goosimo, muddo dheer ka hor marka ugu horraysa ee axdiga ah, taasina waa sababta ay tahay mid aad u adag si loo ogaado waqtiga saxda ah ee asal ahaan of Ruble ah.

qiimaha

Ma jiro iswaafiqitaan ku saabsan qiimaha ay rubles ugu horeysay. In madaxda burbursan riyaaqay buljoonka lacag - hryvnya ama rubles, waayo xisaabaha yar isticmaalo lacagta birta ah shisheeye, oo dinaar oo ku gateen, loo yaqaan ee Ruush "coon."

Mararka 200 goosimo garaam lahaa poltinas hack ama ka yar qaybo, waayo, xisaabinta sax ah. Dhab ahaantii taasi adkaynaysaa go'aan ka soo baxay qiimaha saxda ah ee Ruble ah, maxaa yeelay, sida uu sheegay mid ka mid Ruble waa analoogga ah oo hryvnia, iyo kan kale - ay "jiridda" of 100 garaam.

Waxay u badan tahay in la burburiyo kibir waxaa gebi ahaanba aan isugu lacagta ee magacyada, iyo Ruble ee Novgorod ahaa run ahaantii si siman u hryvnia ah, iyo Ruble ee Moscow ahaa ka yar ka badan kala badh. Waxaa caddeeyeen in mar dambe u muuqday waxay ahaayeen Ruble Lithuanian, oo miisaankeedu yahay 100 g

Asalkeeda ee erayga

Taariikhda Ruble uusan haysan xogta ku saabsan asalka saxda ah ee erayga. Waxaa jira afar fursadaha ugu weyn ee asalka ah ee erayga "Ruble" taariikhda. version aasaasiga ah - Ruble waa derivative ka mid ah ereyga "mari", taas oo macnaheedu yahay "si wadajir ah". Ruble Novgorod dhuftay by technology in marka hore ku shubtay galay badh caaryada oo lacag ah, ka dibna qaybta labaad, ingot la aasaasay dhexe ee kama tollayn ah. Sidaa awgeed magaca suuqnimo ah ingot ah - Ruble ah.

Sida laga soo xigtay version labaad ee xididka ereyga uu ka yimaado falka "si ay u dhinto." Xaaladdan oo kale, saynisyahano ayaa ka fiirsaneysa inay laba doorasho. The ugu horeysay - Ruble ayaa qayb ka mid ah hryvnia ah, ama in ka badan si hufan, oo ay afraad; ie poltina, fuqa qeybtii. Muuqashadii Second - Ruble Novgorod kala duwan ka noqtay hryvnia Kiev muujinaysa mudnaanta iyo qiimaha lacag ingot.

The kale laba qeybood oo soo jeedinaya shuruudaha amaahda ka luqado kale. Waxaa laga yaabaa in erayga "Ruble" xidido ku leeyahay wadaagaan ereyga "qoondayn", taas oo macnaheedu yahay "lacag dhibtu processing." Ka sokow la xidhiidha tahay Erayga Carabi "quarter", taas oo u muuqataa sidii "RR".

Taariikhda Ruble ka istaago on labada versions ugu horeysay, sida taariikhyahanadu wadaagaan opinion oo ka mid ah accessories ee erayga "Ruble" in qaab caadi ah, waxa aanu isugu iyada oo suurtagal ah ee amaahashada ereyga.

Ruble ugu horeysay

Isticmaalka goosimo lacag adag ahaa mid aad u raaxo, laakiin sii waday ilaa qarnigii XIV marka, inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Dmitry Donskoy bilaabay inuu reexaanta Shilimaad yar oo cusub. qadaadiic kasta miisaamay wax yar ka yar hal garaam oo la odhan jiray "lacag", sida Dhaxalka harqood Tatar-Mongol. Waa sheeko ah "Ruble" qadaadiic bilaabo marka imika laga bilaabo.

Qadaadiic foomka kala duwan, maadaama ay adag tahay in la tusa goobo kaamil ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu miisaanka iyo seal ee xarunta of qadaadiic waa isku mid. Print design kala duwanaan karaan ku xiran tahay kibir ah, halkaas oo lacagta birta ah ayaa la qabtay.

By u dhaqaaqo xisaabinta lacag yar noqdaan inta badan ka sahlan, iyo ugu danbeyn goosimo 200-garaam ka nolol maalmeedka ka mid ah dadka caadiga ah ayaa u yimid oo la isticmaalay oo keliya in ganacsiga jumlada.

Under saameynta ay ciidamada siyaasadeed ee madaxda Novgorod iyo Moscow, iyo sidoo kale ka soo galbeedka Duchy of Lithuania in Ruble qarnigii XV ayaa si buuxda u khiyaaneeyey hryvnia ah, iyo waxa uu noqday ma aha oo kaliya horyaalka ee ingot, laakiin sidoo kale fikrad cidhiidhi maskax qaatay ee xisaabinta iyo tirinta lacagta dhaqaalaha.

Isbedelada iyo dib u habaynta

The dibuhabaynta lacagta Ruble baahsan horreysay waxa fuliyey dhexe ee qarnigii XVI ka. In 1534 ee Moscow bilaabay dibuhabaynta lacagta midaysan, ujeedada taas oo ahayd Midaynta ee lacagta birta ah ee loo isticmaalo lacagaha, iyo sidoo kale takhalusaya suuqa gudaha ee lacagta qalaad, jahawareerinaya ganacsiga.

The unit lacagta aasaasiga ah waxay ahayd Ruble Moscow, taas oo ka koobnayd 200 ama 100 oo lacag Moscow lacag Novgorod. Ka dibna waxa qadaadiicda Novgorod ayaa loo yaqaan "dinaar", iyo Moscow - "mechenkami". magacyada Kuwaas waxaa la xidhiidha daabacaadda on dhinaca dambe ee qadaadiic ah. On dinaar la qabtay dagaalyahan waran faras ku jooga, oo ku mechenke - dagaalyahan seef. qadaadiic ugu yar waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay siisid, in uu yahay, mechenki badh; inta badan waxa uu ahaa oo keliya qadaadiic ah, fuqa ama la jejebiyey qeybtii.

Tan iyo buljoonka lacag ah ee madaahibta ee Ruble inta lagu jiro qarnigii XVI gebi ahaanba ka baxay isticmaalka, Ruble ah, ilaa bartamihii qarnigii XVI waxba ka badan unit qiyaaseed a hadhay.

In 1654, markii ugu horaysay la qabtay lacagta birta ah ee madaahibta mid Ruble. Dhab ahaantii, waxa uu ahaa perechekanennye qadaadiicda Jarmal, oo dhinac keliya lagu daabacay jubbadda hubka (gorgor double), iyo dhinaca kale oo ah boqorka muujinayaa faras. Qadaadiic loo yaqaan "Ruble", laakiin miisaamay ka yar ii sharaf - 64 garaam.

Marka guddiga Peter waxaan steel lacagta qabtay madax-bannaan, iyo sidoo kale tiro ka mid ah isbedel la sameeyey iyo miisaanka dinaar copper ah ayaa la soo bandhigay galay 28 g iyo madaahibta ee 1/100 share mahadnaq. Waxa intaa dheer in cents copper ah ayaa la soo bandhigay, oo gogo 'oo dahab ah ee madaahibta of 3 rubles oo miisaankeedu yahay in ka badan 3 garaam oo dahab ah. Later, dhamaadkii qarnigii XVIII ka, miisaankii lacagtii ee madaahibta qadaadiic ah 1 Ruble 18 grams dhacay.

assignations

The rubles ugu horaysay ee waraaqaha u muuqday inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Catherine II, in 1769. raso Kuwani ayaa wareegga muddo 50 sano ah, waqtiga ay daabacaadda aan gacanta dawladda, taas oo keentay in burbur dhabta ah ee dhaqaalaha, maxaa yeelay, rubles warqad uu ahaa wax ka badan siinaya biraha ay qaali ah. In 1843, rabadh ayaa gebi ahaanba laga saaray isticmaalka.

Kii u horreeyey ayaa ku guuldareystay qoraalada bangiga ayaa bedelay hal sanno gudaheed, qoraallada bangiga, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waayo, bangiyada sababo isku mid ah ugu dhaqsaha badan iska daayeen inay ku badasho oo dahab iyo lacag ah - lacag warqad ahaa in ka badan methane ka soo soocay in software ah.

dib u habaynta ee 1897 ayaa soo saaray Ruble warqad cusub oo taageeray by dahab. Print rubles waxaa fuliyey by technology cusub, ku lug leh isticmaalka dhowr midabada iyo heerarka kala duwan ee ilaalinta. Orel daabacaadda multicolour (sidaas magacaabay in sharaf Ivana Orlova) loo ogol yahay in ay ka fogaadaan been abuurka ah iyo in la kordhiyo ku haynta gobolka ka badan la sii daayo tirada raso.

bilowgii qarnigii labaatanaad iyo nidaamka lacagta reer boqor

Muddada burburkii Empire Ruush iyo abuuritaanka Soviet Russia, loo yaqaan "wakhti dhibaatooyin." ayuu Ma aha la yaab leh, taariikhda Ruble Ruushka oo wakhtigan ah waxaa loo arkaa ugu adag iyo tirada isbedel rasmi ah oo aan rasmi ahayn lacagta waa ay adag tahay in tirin.

Xitaa intii lagu jiray dagaalka, Empire Japanese bilaabay lacag la'aan; carada caan ah, isku day afgambi, iyo sidoo kale Russia ayaa goysiga si Dagaalkii Adduunka waxaan si dhab ah u horseeday Empire si la'aanta ba'an ee lacagta. Waxaa ka nolol maalmeedka la waayay oo dhan lacagta birta ah, iyo xataa yar.

In dhaqanka, in dhammaan loo yeedhay warbixinta in rubles oo loo adeegsaday ganacsiga, ma ay lahayn xitaa qiimaha ugu yar, tan iyo markii aan la taageeray by kaydka ee birta qaaliga ah. Rubles ayaa lagu magacaabay raso is-daabacan, sumadaha khamriga, iyo xitaa rinji lacagta. In taariikhda horumarinta Ruble ah, iyo sidoo kale in taariikhda dalka, muddo this la oran karo waa ugu kacsan.

The rubles horeysay Soviet

Taariikhda Ruble ee Russia ee muddada hore Soviet bilaabmaa 1923, markii la qabtay ugu horeysay ducat dahab ah, u dhigantaa 10 rubles Imperial. On sarrifka ee ducats ayaa soo saaray qadaadiic ah oo lacag ka dhigay - lacag ah. Tani waa mid ka mid ah lacagta birta ah Soviet ugu dhif ah sida lacagta birta ah dahab iyo silversmiths loo isticmaalo inta badan xawaalad dibada ee dalka ayaa lagu shiidaa Doorasho ma.

Iyadoo 30-mada. qarnigii labaatanaad waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan rubles warqad iyo Shilimaad yar ee biraha Alloys raqiis ah. dadaalada Dowladda si ay lacag si format hal keeni sii waday ilaa bartamihii qarnigii ah, oo leh muuqaalka kore ee rubles oo kopecks marar aad u badan ka bedelay.

Reform of 1961

dibuhabaynta ugu weyn ee lacagta taariikhda Midowga Soofiyeeti, iyo laga yaabee Russia oo dhan waa la diyaariyey ee muddada 10-ka sano. Ayaa loo doortay qalabka iyo qiimaha cusub ee Ruble ah, waxaa loo sameeyey qaab labis iyo soo xulay kaliya design a. In ka badan dhowrkii sano ee soo socda Midowga ayaa maray badal dhamaystiran oo dhan lacag cusub.

Mid ka mid ah xoqin muunad cusub wuxuu u dhigmaa 10 rubles jir (sample horeysay Soviet) oo u dhiganta lahaa dahab 1 g oo dahab ah. Maalin kasta lacagta birta ah biraha qaali ah laga sameeyey oo aan la qabtay ka badan marka laga reebo arrinta lacagta birta ah si ay u xusaan munaasabadaha muhiim ah ama dabbaaldegyada waayo.

Ruble Ruush Modern

Taariikhda Ruble maray dhibaatooyin kale in ay 90s hore. Ka dib burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti ee rubles Soviet jir ahaayeen in la isticmaalo ilaa 1993, markii sicir bararka iyo xiisadda dhaqaale waxaa gebi ahaanba curyaan lacagta qaranka oo uma oggolaanin kala guurka ah siman u lacag ah oo cusub format.

Si looga fogaado in la kordhiyo sicir bararka, dib u habaynta lacageed oo qaatay, waayo, wareegga daabacaada lacag cusub oo badan oo eber lagu qabtay sanadkii 1993. Sannadkii 1998, dawladda Ruush lagu qabtay taxane ah oo dib u habaynta lacagta, kuwaasi oo ay raaceen oo ay ku heshaan, iyo soo saarista qoraalada cusub ku jira wareegga maanta.