Waxaa joogay nolosha on Mars? Su'aasha wali furan yahay

Tani meeraha cas ayaa had iyo jeer soo jiidatay dadka dareenka. Si ka duwan meerayaasha ka xiddigtii helay by qadiimiga ah ilbaxnimada adduunka - ka Sumerians iyo reer Baabuloon. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ereyga "meeraha" ayuu nooga yimid luqada Giriigga qadiimiga ah, halkaas oo macno ahaan ka dhigan tahay Baadi jidhka Habeenkii cirka.

Meerayaasha ahaayeen qayb aad u awood badan ee dhaqamada of ilbaxnimo ee qadiimiga ah. Sidaas darteed, waxaan ku dhashay Masar ayaa falaga aad loo jecel yahay - saadaasha of qaddar ee dhaqdhaqaaqa jidhadhka samada. In qadiimiga ah Greece iyo Rome, dunida tilmaamay ilaahyo gaar ah. Venus waxa uu la xidhiidhaa ilaahadda jacaylka ay sabab u tahay midabka anfac badan, sidaa darteed garabaka midabka maqaarka gabadhii tur. midabka guduudan ee Mars ma keeni karaa tusaalayaal xagga baabbi'idda iyo dabka. Taasi waa wixii uu ka helay magaca ilaaha dagaalka.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, meeraha waxaa ka soo qeyb ma aha oo kaliya in dhaqankii hore. Waxay sii wadaan in ay u muuqdaan in shuqullada casriga ah ee farshaxanka. Dabcan, fikradda ka mid ah ayaa is beddelay. Haddii dad Gariig ah oo dadka Roomana way la xidhiidha meeraha la nuxurka rabaani ah, ee jeer casriga ah, markii ay caddaatay in uu ahaa isku jidhadhka samada, sida Earth, waxay bilaabeen inay waft male kale arradan. Ka mid ah oo dhan meerayaasha of our nidaamka, mindhaa waa la Mars waa martida ugu badan ee soo saarka dhaqanka. Waxa uu si gaar ah u jeclaa in nooca of sheekooyin sayniska. Su'aasha ah in waxaa jiray nolosha on Mars, ayaa inta badan noqdaan kuwo il of waxyoonay qorayaasha sheekooyin sayniska iyo filim. Tusaale ahaan, "War Caalamka" caanka ah by HG Wells midabeeyo a bahalnimada cirka aadanaha baabbi'iyeen. Iyo Edgar Burroughs, in uu "A Princess ee Mars", makhluuqaadka intiisa muuqan xoog leh oo cadaalad ah, aad u la mid ah muuqaalka iyo waqti isku mid ah gebi ahaanba ka duwan yahay waxa uu helay in earthling.

Maxaa sayniska ayaa sheegay in - haddii ay jiraan nolosha on Mars?

Arrintan markii ugu horaysay la kiciyey by saynisyahano dhexe ee qarnigii XVII ah, markii ay ogaadeen in meeraha cas la mid tahay size Earth, saftay barafka ee ulo, oo la mid ah heerka uu rabitaan of dhidibka of wareeg iyo tiro ka mid ah oo xuduudaheedu kale la mid ah. Dabcan, su'aasha kacay, waxaa jiray nolosha on Mars? Ama waxaa laga yaabaa, waxaa ay hadda tahay? Si kastaba ha ahaatee, daawashada dhex xoqad ah, iyadoo aan loo eegayn sida kaamil ah waxaa laga yaabaa, ma siin jawaab waadix ah.

Khilaafka saynisyahano sii waday ilaa xilligii safarka bannaan. Bilowga ee qarnigii XX ah, tusaale ahaan, waa aad loo jecel yahay ahayd aragtida ah jiritaanka Dhirta meeraha buluug ah, sida ka muuqata dhawrid ku daba dheeraaday oo aan rasmi ahayn. In 1960-70-mada, xilligii tartanka meel u dhexeeya labada Kooxahan ah, meeraha loo diray wax badan oo ka mid ah diyaaradaha. Nasiib darro, ma aha oo dhan oo ka mid ah wax-u hawlgallada sirdoonka ay ahaayeen guulo. si fiican ugu horeeyay ee hoos on meeraha cas Soviet yaabaa pride, kaas oo la odhan jiray "Mars-3" (labada duulimaad ugu horeysay lagu guuleeysan), waxanu uga dhex dhaceen 1971. Sanadkii 1976, US leeyahay "Viking" gaareen Mars. search, nolosha ma guuleysto markaas. channels A iyo craters ahaayeen si buuxda u qalalan, inkastoo eedeynta cilmi-American, waxa loo soo buuxinayaa karaa biyaha ee la soo dhaafay ka fog. Waxaa intaa dheer, xaaladaha dabiiciga ah in laga helay caalamka, si cad u muujisay in si ay u noolaadaan iyo horumarinta halkan muu haysan karin nooc kasta oo nolosha. Tani waxay si weyn ay wiiqeen xamaasad ee cilmi iyo saynisyahano.

Oo kaliya labo ka mid ah labaatan sano ka dib, dano cusboonaaday su'aasha ah haddii ay jiraan nolosha on Mars. Maraykanka ayaa bilaabay unit ku xiga caalamka sanadkii 2008. Iyo "Phoenix" Daraasad baaritaan usoo cusbooneysiisay bakhtiyeen, darradaas rajaynaynaa. Waxaa la cadeeyay in wax badan oo dioxide kaarboon joogo in jawiga of caalamka. Laakiin in dunida ay tahay wax soo saarka ah ku qarisay by dhirta. Dhab ahaantii Tani waxay mar kale ismaandhaafka dood kulul oo ku saabsan haddii ay jiraan nolosha on Mars. Sidoo kale maanta ayaa weli laga helay cadaymo oo biyo ah halkaas! Phoenix iyo Xiisaha - Mars Exploration Rovers qorshe shan-sano ee la soo dhaafay - diray in caalamka ay u rajeynayaa ogaado wax kasta oo nolosha cqaadir in ay qarin karaan oo qoto dheer in dhulka, ama uu u furo xaqiiqooyinka ay daadiyaan yaabaa iftiin on dhaafay ee caalamka cas.