TL494CN: jaantuska taararka, sharaxaad ku saabsan Ruush, Bannaanka inverter ah

Mase Sahayda Power (UPS) waa mid caadi ah. computer ah in aad isticmaaleysaa hadda UPS la voltages wax soo saarka badan (+12, -12, +5, -5 iyo + 3.3 V, ugu yaraan). Dhammaan blocks sida ay leeyihiin xakamaysada PWM jab ah sida caadiga ah nooca TL494CN. Its analoogga - M1114EU4 chip qoyska (KR1114EU4).

saarayaasha

chip loo tixgeliyaa loola jeedaa liiska wareeggeedii electronic dhafan ugu badan oo loo isticmaalo ee. Waxay ahayd maamaan ah ee taxane ah oo UC38hh shirkadaha ilaaliyaal PWM Unitrode. Sanadkii 1999 adag la helay by Texas qalabku, iyo tan iyo markaas waxay bilaabeen inay horumariyaan line ee ilaaliyaal, taas oo keentay in abuurka ee 2000 hore. chips taxane TL494. Ka sokow hore u soo sheegnay kor UPS, waxaa lagu heli karaa in jaangooyaha si joogto ah danab, leewarka a controllable, in lagu bilaabo jilicsan - in gaaban, gacanta PWM meel kasta oo loo isticmaalo.

Ka mid ah shirkadaha in ay Gadzhiyev chip in ka mid ah oo dunida magac sida caanka ah sida Motorola, Inc, Rectifier International, Fairchild Semiconductor, ON Semiconductor. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah waxay bixiyaan sharaxaad faahfaahsan ee alaabta ay, waxa loogu yeero Xogeedka TL494CN.

dukumentiyada

Falanqaynta of this nooc sharaxaada chip ka saarayaasha kala duwan muujinaysaa aqoonsiga la taaban karo ee dabeecadihiisa. mugga macluumaadka, kexeeyey oo shirkado kala duwan, ku dhowaad isku mid ah. Waxaa intaa dheer, TL494CN xogeeda noocyada sida Motorola, Inc oo ON Semiconductor soo noqnoqda in ay qaab-dhismeedka, daliishaday tirooyinka, miisaska iyo gooldhalinta. Waa xoogaa kala duwan iyaga oo ka soo bandhigayo ee wax ka soo Texas qalabku, laakiin on dhow ka baran waxa uu noqonayaa mid cad waxa loola jeedo wax soo saarka ah isku.

Ballanta TL494CN chip

Description of ay dhaqan ahaan lagu bilaabayaa magacaabidda iyo liiska qalabka gudaha. Waa xakamaysada ah PWM la soo noqnoqoshada go'an, la doorbidayo loogu tala galay in loo isticmaalo ee UPS ah, iyo sifooyinka soo socda:

• matoor sawtooth (STG);
• kordhiyo qaladka;
• il tixraac (reference) danab 5 V;
• sixitaanka circuit "markii kuwii dhintay";
• transistor saarka badalato on hadda 500 MA;
• xulashada circuit hal ama qaab laba-stroke hawlgalka.

goobaha Yaree

Sida kasta oo chips kale in description TL494CN waa in ay daruuri ku jira liiska waxqabadka la ogolaan karo ugu badnaan. Aynu iyaga siin ku salaysan Motorola, Inc,

1. danab Supply: 42 V
2. danab The ururiyaha ah V. transistor saarka 42
3. ururiyaha transistor saarka hadda: 500 MA.
4. Kordhiyo kala duwan oo danab talooyinka - 0.3 V 42 V.
5. dhereg Power (at t <45 ° C): 1000 mw.
6. heerkulka kaydinta: -55 in +125 ° C.
7. kala duwan ee heerkulka ka hawlgala ka bilaabmaysa 0 ilaa +70 ° C.

Waa in la ogaadaa in dhimaya 7 TL494IN chip xoogaa ballaaran ka -25 in +85 ° C.

TL494CN design chip

Description in bixitaanka Ruush ah ay jidhka lagu muujiyay shaxanka hoose.

chip waxaa la dhigayaa caag ah (sida ka muuqata warqadda N dhamaadka calaamadaha ay) xirmo 16-pin nooca PDP-pin.

Imaansho waxaa sawirkan ka muuqda hoose.

TL494CN: circuit a functional

Sayidka, hawsha circuit tani waa isbedbeddelka width garaaca wadnaha ah (PWM ama SOMA. Garaaca wadnaha Width meyxaanahaa (PWM)) ee la karsado danab ahaan labada UPS nidaamsan oo aan sharciyeysneyn. blocks The awood ah nooca ugu horeysay ee kala duwan oo muddo garaaca guud ahaan gaadho qiimaha ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah (~ 48% ee wax soo saarka kasta oo soo wareegi riix-jiido ah, waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalaa in lagu awood Sammeecado audio baabuurta).

TL494CN chip ayaa a total of lix boosteejada for soo saarka signalada, afar ka mid ah iyaga (1, 2, 15, 16) ayaa gudaha gashiga oo ka mid ah baadi Sammeecado, used dhowridda UPS ka hadda iyo ka iman kara overloads. Contact № 4 - Waa signal la gelin ee ka bilaabmaysa 0 ilaa 3 V for qabsado ratio waajib ah digir soo saarka qaab ah, iyo № 3 waa wax soo saarka ee comparator iyo waxaa loo isticmaali karaa siyaabo dhowr ah. 4 kale (lambarada 8, 9, 10, 11) waa ururiyaha iyo emitter transistors lacag la'aan ah ugu badnaan la ogolaan karo hadda load of 250 MA (hawlgal joogto ah ugu badnaan 200 MA). Waxay la xiran karo in labo-labo (9, 10, iyo 8 ilaa 11) loo xakameeyo garoonka awood transistors (MOSFET-transistors) la hadda ugu badnaan la ogolaan karo 500 MA (wax ka badan 400 MA hawlgal joogto ah).

Waa maxay qalabka TL494CN gudaha? Qorshaha waxaa hoos ku qoran.

chip waxay leedahay il isku dhafan danab tixraaca (Pei) +5 (№ 14). Waxaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa sida danab tixraac (gudahood ± 1%) codsatay wareeggeedii aqbasho in baabbi'in ka yar 10 MA, tusaale ahaan, on the 13 terminal xulashada mode hal ama laba-stroke of wareeggeedii hawlgalka: joogitaanka ku dul +5 soo xulay hab labaad , haddii laga jaray danab - marka hore.

Si ay ula qabsadaan inta jeer ee matoorka sawtooth (STG), capacitor iyo resistor ku xiran boosteejada 5 iyo 6 siday u kala horreeyaan. Dabcan, chip leeyahay boosteejada waayo xiriir ah isha daray ama laga jaray awoodda (lambarada 12 iyo 7, siday u kala horreeyaan) oo kala duwan laga bilaabo 7 ilaa 42 V.

Laga soo bilaabo sawirka, waxaa iska cad in ay jiraan tiro ka mid ah qalabka TL494CN gudaha. Description ee Ruush ah ee ay u shaqeeyaan waa la hoos ku siin doonaa in koorsada ee bandhigga.

function Output of calaamadaha talooyin ah

Like qalab kale oo elektaroonik ah. chip loo arkaa leeyahay gashiga iyo wax soo saarka gaar ah ay. Waxaan bilaabi doonaa kii hore. Waxaa durbaba liiska natiijooyinkan TL494CN la siiyey. Description ee Ruush ay ka shaqeynayaan in la sii siin doonaa sharaxaad faahfaahsan.

gabagabada 1

Tani positive (non-lakala rogay) aqbasho of kordhiyo signal qaladka 1. Marka danab waxaa guud ahaan waa ka hooseeyaa danab ee terminal 2, wax soo saarka ee baadi kordhiyo 1 yeelan doonaan heerka u hooseeya. Haddii ay ka badan at pin 2 waa, qalad signal kordhiyo 1 noqdo sare. wax soo saarka ee kordhiyo xooga kaga deyda talooyin wanaagsan oo isticmaalaya O 2 tixraac ahaan. Sammeecado baadi Functions lagu tilmaami doonaa si faahfaahsan hoos ku.

gunaanad 2

Tani negative (lakala rogay) aqbasho qalad signal kordhiyo 1. Haddii pin tani waa ka badan at pin 1, wax soo saarka ee baadi kordhiyo 1 hooseeyo noqon doonaa. Haddii danab ee pin tani waa yar at terminal 1 ka badan danab ka, wax soo saarka kordhiyo waa sare.

gabagabeeyo 15

Waxaa dhab ahaan u shaqeeya la mid ah sida tirada 2. Inta badan, soo kordhiyo baadi labaad looma isticmaalo TL494CN. ka mid noqoshada Scheme kiiskan si fudud kooban pin a 15 ku xiran 14-ka (danab tixraaca + 5V).

gabagabeeyo 16

Waxaa la mid ah sida tirada 1. Waxaa sida caadiga ah ku lifaaqan wadarta tirada 7, marka kordhiyo labaad aan ku Sugan Baadi isticmaalka shaqeeya. Iyada oo pin 15 xiran +5 V iyo № 16 xiran caadi, wax soo saarka ah kordhiyo labaad waa yar yahay oo sidaas daraaddeed saameyn ah kuma laha chip.

gabagabada 3

xiriirka iyo kordhiyo kasta gudaha TL494CN xidhan iyada oo dioska-. Haddii wax soo saarka kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah badala ka yar yahay si aad u heer sare ah, ka dibna waxa ay sidoo kale № 3 noqdo sare. Marka signal ku pin this ka badan 3.3 volts, garaaca wadnaha wax soo saarka la demiyo (eber wareegga waajib). Marka danab waxaa guud ahaan ku dhow yahay inuu 0, ugu badnaan width wadnaha. Inta u dhaxaysa 0 iyo 3.3 V, width garaaca wadnaha waa ka 50% 0% (waayo, mid kasta oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka xakamaysada PWM - at boosteejada 9 iyo 10 ee codsiyada ugu badan).

Haddii loo baahdo, track 3 waxaa loo isticmaali karaa talooyin ama waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si ay u bixiyaan heerka Esplanaden isbedelka of width wadnaha. Haddii danab ee guud ahaan waxa weeye sare (> ~ 3.5 V), waxaa jira jid ay ku bilaabatay UPS PWM xakamaysada (digir la la'yahay ka).

gabagabada 4

Waxaa gacanta ku kala duwan ee ratio waajib ah digir wax soo saarka (SOMA. Dhimatay-Time Control) ka. Haddii danab waxaa guud ahaan ku dhow yahay inuu 0, qalabka waa inay awoodaan in ay curiyaan labada ugu hooseeya ee suurtagal ah, iyo width ugu badan garaaca wadnaha (taas oo ah waxa lagu qeexaa by calaamadaha la gelin). Haddii danab wax soo saarka ee ku saabsan 1.5 V waa, width garaaca wax soo saarka la xadidaa, waxaana 50% ay width ugu badan (ama ~ 25% wareegga waajib waayo, riix-jiido hab xakamaysada PWM a). Haddii danab waxaa guud ahaan waa heer sare ah (> ~ 3.5 V), ma jirto hab si ay u bilaabaan UPS TL494CN. circuit ayaa inta badan ka kooban yahay ka mid noqoshada № 4 toos ah ugu xiran dhulka.

• Waxaa muhiim ah in la xusuusto! signal ee boosteejada 3 iyo 4 waa in hoos ku saabsan 3.3 V. Oo waxa dhici doona marka ay ku dhow yahay, tusaale ahaan, + 5V? Sidee markaas dhaqmaan TL494CN? Wadista Converter danab Dhexdeeda kuma soo saari doonaa la karsado, i.e. ma danab soo saarka ee UPS ah.

gabagabada 5

Waxay u adeegtaa in ay ku xidhmaan capacitor waqtiga CT, oo ay xiriir labaad ku xiran yahay dhulka. qiimaha capacitance guud ahaan ka 0,01 μF in 0,1 μF. Isbeddelka ku qiimaha qayb waxay keenaysaa in isbeddel ah inta jeer iyo wax soo saarka GPN digir ah xakamaysada PWM. Sida caadiga ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa capacitors oo tayo sare leh Wehliyaha heerkulka aad u yar yahay (isbedel aad u yar in capacitance leh heerkulka).

gabagabada 6

In ay ku xidhmaan resistor vryamyazadayuschego Rt, oo ay xiriir labaad ku xiran yahay dhulka. Qiimayaasha Rt iyo CT ogaado FPG soo noqnoqoshada.

• f = 1,1: (Rt x CT).

gabagabada 7

Waxa uu ku biiray GND qalab circuit u dirato PWM ah.

gabagabeeyo 12

Waxa uu calaameeyay warqado VCC. Waxa uu ku biiray by ah "oo lagu daray» TL494CN korontada. ka mid noqoshada Scheme caadi ahaan ka kooban № 12 xiran biiro il awoodeed oo ka. Qaar badan oo UPS isticmaalaa natiijada this inuu ka soo leexdo on awoodda (iyo UPS laftiisa) iyo dami. Haddii ay leedahay +12 V a iyo lambarka 7 waxa aasaas, FPG iyo Ion chip shaqeyn doonaan.

gabagabeeyo 13

hab talooyin Tani hawlgalka. Its hawlgalka ayaa kor lagu sharaxay.

function A of outputting calaamadaha wax soo saarka

ay kor ku qoran, waayo, TL494CN. Description ee Ruush ay ka shaqeynayaan in la hoos ku siin doonaa sharaxaad faahfaahsan.

gabagabeeyo 8

chip waxa uu leeyahay laba npn-transistor, kuwaas oo soo saarkiisa muhiimka ah. Natiijadan - ururiyaha ee transistor 1 waxaa inta badan ku xiran il danab DC a (12). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qorshayaasha qalabka qaar ka mid ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida wax soo saarka ah, oo loo arki karaa on its Meander (sida lambarka 11).

gabagabada 9

Tani emitter ah transistor 1. Waxaa u xakamaysan UPS awood transistor (beerta inta badan kiisaska) ee riix-jiido circuit, si toos ah ama via dhexe transistor.

gabagabeeyo 10

Tani emitter ah transistor 2. In ay hal-dheeryahay signal hawlgalka Waxaa la mid ah sida in № 9. Labada-stroke hab calaamadaha №№ 9 iyo 10 antiphase, t. E. Marka sare signal heerka, on the kale waa yar yahay, iyo qeybsanaan. In qalabka ugu calaamadaha soo saarka ka emitters of transistor ku badalato gacanta ku chips awood loo arkaa FETs kexeeyey oo gobolka ON markii danab ee boosteejada 9 iyo 10 waa heer sare ah (kor ~ 3.5 V, laakiin ma adeegsan karo heerka of 3.3 V ee № № 3 iyo 4).

gabagabeeyo 11

Tani ururiyaha ee transistor 2 waxaa inta badan ku xiran il toos ah danab (+12 V).

• Fiiro gaar ah: on qalabka circuit TL494CN daraysa waxaa ka koobnaan karaa xakamaysada PWM saarka labada ururiya weli emitters of transistors 1 iyo 2, inkastoo muuqashadii labaad ku badan yahay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira fursado marka xiriirada 8 iyo 11 ay yihiin wax soo saarka ah. Haddii aad ka heli transformer yar oo Bannaanka u dhexeeya chip oo MOSFET ah, wax soo saarka ay u badan tahay in ay qaaday iyaga la (la madax).

gabagabeeyo 14

Tani tixraaca danab wax soo saarka, sida kor lagu sharaxay.

Mabda 'hawlgalka

Sidee u shaqeeyaan chip TL494CN? Qeexaa sida in iyada la siiyo shaqo ku salaysan Motorola, Inc. digir Output la isbedbeddelka garaaca wadnaha waxaa lagu gaarayaa by barbar signal sagxada leh capacitor CT wanaagsan leh mid ka mid ah laba calaamadaha gacanta. Logic mana transistors saarka Q1 iyo Q2 gacanta ku, iyaga furo oo keliya marka signal ku aqbasho saacba (C1) keebka (TL494CN arko. Circuit functional) noqdo heerka hoose.

Sidaas darteed, haddii la gelin keebka C1 macquulka-mid heer, transistors wax soo saarka way xiran yihiin labada hababka ka hawlgala:-hal dhamaaday iyo riixdo-jiido. Haddii signal la gelin this joogo inta jeer saacad in riix-jiido shido transistor hab poocherdno furan yimid of wadnaha saacad in ay kiciyaan oo xadka ayaa ka. In hab hal-dheeryahay, keebka looma isticmaalo, iyo labada muhiimka ah wax soo saarka synchronously furay.

Tani waa gobolka furan (labada hababka) ayaa suuragal ah keliya in qayb ka mid ah muddada GPN markii danab sagxada waa ka weyn yahay calaamadaha gacanta. Sidaas darteed, korodhka ama hoos u dhac ku baaxadda signal gacanta ku sababa kororka toosan ama siday u kala horreeyaan hoos u width garaaca wadnaha danab ee saarka chip.

Sida calaamadaha gacanta lagu saleyn karaa terminal danab 4 (control "markii kuwii dhintay"), ka gashiga baadi kordhiyo ama la gelin of signal-celin ka terminal 3.

Tallaabooyinka ugu horeeyay ee la chip shaqeeyaan

Ka hor inta sameynayo qalab kasta oo waxtar leh, waxaa lagu talinayaa in ay bartaan sida ay u shaqeeyaan TL494CN. Sidee si uu u hubiyo waxaa ka shaqeeya?

Qaado guddiga horumarinta, iyada dhigay chip oo ku xirmaan fiilooyin sida jaantuska hoose.

Haddii wax walba si sax ah ugu xiran, nidaamka u shaqayn doono. Leave musmaarradii 3 iyo 4 ma aha lacag la'aan. Isticmaal oscilloscope si ay u tijaabiso GPN - si pin 6 waa in aad arki danab a sawtooth. soo saarka waxay noqon doontaa eber. Sideen ku garan karnaa qaab TL494CN. Hubinta waxaa la samayn karaa sida soo socota:

1. Connect saarka-celinta (№ 3) iyo wax soo saarka ay gacanta "markii kuwii dhintay» (№ 4) in terminal caadiga ah (№ 7).
2. Hadda aad leedahay si aad u hesho ah digir qaab inay soo saarka chip.

Sida loo kordhiyo wax soo saarka signal?

saarka TL494CN quruxsan waa low-hadda, iyo aad, dabcan, rabto in awood dheeraad ah. Sidaas darteed, waxaan u baahan nahay in aad ku darto qaar ka mid ah transistors awood. Waxaa ugu sahlan in la isticmaalo (oo aad u fudud si aad u hesho - ka hore computer motherboard) n-channel awood MOSFETs. Waxaan sidaas invert wax soo saarka TL494CN, K. t. Haddii aan ku xidhi n-channel bilood transistor ku darina, ay ka maqan yihiin garaaca wadnaha a at saarka ee chip u furi doonaa, waayo socodka ah ee hadda si toos ah. Xaaladdan oo kale transistor bilood ah si fudud u gubi kara ... Sidaas buurtuu universal npn-transistor iyo xirmaan sida ay nidaamka soo socda.

Xoogbadane transistor bilood wareegi this gacanta hab dadban. Ma aha mid aad u wanaagsan, laakiin ujeedooyinka imtixaanka, iyo xoogga hooseeyo waxay ku habboon. R1 soo wareegi jiray waa load npn-transistor. waxaa Dooro sida ay ugu badnaan ururiyaha hadda la ogolyahay. Red2 ka dhigan our stage awood load. In tijaabo kuwaas, waxaa lagu beddeli doonaa by transformer ah.

Haddii aan hadda eegno signal oscilloscope saarka Bannaanka 6, aad arki doonaa "aragteen". On № 8 (K1) la karsado qaab weli la arki karo, iyo bullaacadaha ee transistor bilood waa karaa isla karsado qaabka, laakiin of magnitude weyn.

Sida cabasho loo danab wax soo saarka?

Haddaba aynu u hesho qaar ka mid ah danab sare isticmaalaya TL494CN. Jaantuska Connection iyo fiilooyinka isticmaalaya isku - on breadboard ah. Dabcan, danab ku filan sare ku dul ma helo, ka badan waxaa hiitarka a on MOSFET xoogga. Oo weliba, xirmaan transformer yar marxaladda wax soo saarka, sida uu nidaamka this.

hoose The transformer fuuli ka kooban 10 markooda. kooban The sare loogu fuuli jiray 100 u jeesan. Sayidka, ratio Isbadal la siman 10. Haddii 10B file ee aasaasiga ah ee ku fuuli jiray, waa in aad ka heli 100 V saarka. Bu'da laga sameeyey oo ferrite. Waxaad isticmaali kartaa qaar ka mid ah xudunta u ah dhexdhexaad ah ka PC korontada transformer ah.

Iska jir, wax soo saarka transformer ee danab sare. hadda waa mid aad u hooseeya oo aan idinku dili doonaa. Laakiin waxaad heli kartaa hit wanaagsan. halis kale - haddii aad dhigay capacitor weyn ee wax soo saarka, waxa ay isku uruursadaan doonaa amar ka weyn. Sidaa darteed, ka dib markii meel leexashadii off ku soo wareegtaa hareeraheeda, waa in la saaro.

Marka saarka Bannaanka ka mid noqon kara nooc kasta oo nalalka, sida sawirka hoos ku qoran. Waxay ka shaqaysaa ka danab DC ah, iyo waxa ay qaadataa oo ku saabsan 160 V iftiimin ilaa. (Power hay'adaha oo dhan wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 15 - on si hoose.)

Wadista la soo saarka transformer waxaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalo in dhammaan UPS ah, oo ay ku jiraan korontada ee PC ee. In qalabka, transformer ugu horeeyay ee ku xiran yahay via shido transistor u dirato saarka PWM ku adeegta, waayo, go'doomin korontada ee qaybta danab yar yahay Bannaanka ka kooban TL494CN, ay qayb a high-voltage, oo ka kooban transformer dhaxe ah.

jaangooyaha danab

Sida caadiga ah, qalabka elektarooniga ah is-dhigay yar ku shaqeeya UPS bixisaa PC a caadiga ah ka dhigay on TL494CN. Circuit oo ka mid ah awoodda korontada PC si fiican u yaqaan, iyo blocks waa fudud loo heli karo, sida milyan oo kombuyuutar oo ka weyn sannad kasta takhalusin ama iibin qaybo. Laakiin sida caadiga ah, UPS ku abuuraa danab a aan ka badnayn 12 V. Tani waa mid aad u yar oo drive ka soo noqnoqoshada variable. Dabcan, waxaad isku deyi kartaa oo ay isticmaalaan danab sare PC UPS a of 25 V, laakiin waxa ay u adag tahay in la helo iyo aad u xoog badan ayaa dhintay gudaha danab ee 5 V xubno macquulka noqon doonaa.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee TL494 (ama analogs) waxaa lagu dhisay karaa wareeg kasta oo awood wax soo saarka kor u kacay iyo danab. Isticmaalka faahfaahin caadiga ah ee MOSFET awood UPS PC on motherboard ah, waxaad dhistaan kartaa jaangooyaha danab PWM on TL494CN ah. circuit Converter waxaa hoos ku qoran.

waxaa On aad ka arki kartaa nidaamka of bedesheen wareeggeedii iyo marxaladda soo saarka laba transistors ah: a bilood npn- universal iyo awood leh.

The qaybo muhiim ah: T1, Q1, L1, D1. Cirifoodka T1 waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo xakameeyo MOSFET xoog ku xiran qaab la fududeeyay, waxa loogu yeero. "Dadban". L1 waa inductance ee inductor HP printer jir (50 markooda, 1 cm height, 0.5 cm width la windings ceejinta furan). D1 - waa diode Schottky ka qalab kale. TL494 ku xiran habka kale ee la xiriira kor ku xusan, in kastoo aad isticmaali kartaa wax kasta oo iyaga ka mid.

C8 - capacitor awoodda yar si looga hortago saamaynta qaylada soo socda in la gelin ee kordhiyo qaladka, qiimaha 0,01uF waa ka badan ama ka yar sida caadiga ah. qiimaha weyn hoos u dhigi doono rakibo xiisadda la doonayo.

C6 - capacitor xitaa kuwa yaryar loo isticmaalaa in shaandhayso qaylada hirka sare. awoodda kaydinta Its - ilaa dhowr boqol oo PF.