Taariikhda horumarinta technology computer

Computers ayaa noqotay lagama maarmaan ah. meel kasta Waxay kala yihiin: guryahooda, warshadaha, xafiisyada iyo baabuurta ... waxaan mararka qaarkood xitaa ma qabaa, iyo tan iyo taariikhda horumarinta technology computer waa wajiyo badan iyo hodan ku taariikhaha taariikhiga ah. Si aad u taariikhda, Waxaa jira afar fac kombiyuutarada.

jiilka kowaad wuxuu ahaa mashiin weyn (wayn by heerka maanta). Marka laga reebo ugu leh shuqulka injineerka Jarmal Zuse (kuwaas oo, uu abuuray computer ugu horeysay ee 1941, laakiin shuqullada ayaa laga badiyay), awoowe ee kombiyuutarada maanta waa "Mark-1" (1943). mishiinka loo baahan yahay hall weyn oo ka koobnayd 800 km ee fiilooyinka, in ka badan 3,300 kun. Relays oo wuxuu wada baabbi'iyey, waayo, kombiyuutarka boqolaal kilowatts oo koronto ah. Waxaan u isticmaali kombiyuutarada, kuwaas oo loogu talagalay xisaabaha military.

Laakiin waxa xusid mudan in taariikhda farsamooyinka jiilka computer ma aanan bilaaban la "Mark waxaan». taariikhda ay ku bilaabatay diiwaangeliyey 1946. Markaas computer wuxuu noqon doonaa ku salaysan dhuumaha vacuum electronic. Waxay leedahay sida ENIAC dhismo. In size ayaana markii ugu horeysay, "Mark", laakiin soo bandhigtay awooda weyn (in ka badan kun jeer) ku dhowaad sida. Gaariga soo baxday in xiiso leh, awood leh, hal abuur leh, laakiin aan waaqici. Si ay u fuliyaan xisaab ah looga baahan yahay dhawr saacadood si ay u fuliyaan fiilooyinka Beddelashada qaarkood. Qalabka wuxuu u yahay oo aan waxtar lahayn, iyo horumarinta technology computer sii iyo fikrad cusub - "qaybood electronic" howlgala yaabaa computer ah. Base aan computer jiilka ka koobnaa capacitors, resistors iyo tuubooyinka vacuum electronic.

History of qalab computer soo saarka gudaha bilaabmaa 1951, si ay SA mahad Lebedev. Waxaa oo dhan ku bilaabantay SECM, kaas oo noqday ka dib dhammaystirka BESM-2. A wax yar ka dib in Midowga Soofiyeeti waa computer ugu awooda badan Yurub ayaa la abuuray magaca M-20 ah, taas oo ah arrin inta badan ka baxay oo ka mid ah nidaamka iyo looga baahan yahay inay ugu adeegno shaqaale badan ee injineerada.

Jiilkii labaad ee kombiyuutarada bilaabay la been abuurtay iyo isticmaalka transistor ugu horeysay. Laga soo bilaabo in taariikhda technology computer bilaabay in ay helaan xawaare aad u kala duwan. computer Base noqday ku salaysan xubno Semiconductor. transistor wuxuu ahaa ugu afartan jeer waxqabadka laambadihii elektaroonik ah, is haysta iyo kharash yar. Waxa uu noqday suurtagal ah in la isticmaalo a guddiga circuit ku daabacan. In 1965, Shirkadda Qalabka Digital soo bandhigay ah ee isafgaradka (!) Computer, dhinacyada ka mid ah taas oo wax yar ka jira qaboojiyaha ka yar capacious. Waxaa la odhan jiray mucjiso PDP-8 oo u qalantay 20 kun oo Doolar..

Iyada oo la qaadi karo PDP-8, yaabay qof walba sida uu u ciyaarayay waqti isku mid ah u billaabay horumarinta kombiyuutarada-qarnigooda saddexaad (dhammaadka 1960 - 70 sano). Tan waxa u sabab ah horumarka iyo imtixaanka ee ugu horeysay circuit dhafan (John Killebrew 1958). On Silicon xabbad canjeero ah oo ku yaalla transistors iyo xiriir ay. Wax soo saarka - ka boqolaal kun inay malaayiin hawlgallada per labaad.

In 1968 daabaco computer circuit dhafan ugu horeysay - IBM-360. In 1970, Intel oo bilaabay wareeggeedii xasuusta dhafan. Sannad kasta qaybaha waxqabadka kordhay ugu yaraan laba jeer, goobta circuitry ama ma beddeli, sidoo kale ay noqonayaan kuwo yar. Tani waxay dar dar geliyay ah horumarinta qarniga afraad ah ee kombiyuutarada.

In 1970, shirkadda Intel (Marsciano Edward Hoff) dhista ugu horeysay ee analoogga ee processor computer waaweyn. In 1970 tagaa on sale hoos magaca Intel-4004. Marka size of 3 cm ahaa wax soo saar leh saddex kombiyuutarada "Mark II». Horumarinta ee microprocessors si caddaalad ah u baxay si deg deg ah, taas oo loo ogol yahay in la abuuro a mashiinada Kombuyuutarada wax ku ool ah in la isticmaalo makiinada, Kombuyuutarada iyo xisaabaadka fududaynta. Thanks to dadka sida S. iyo B. Jobs Wozniak (Aasaasayaasha ah «Apple Computer») taariikhda horumarinta technology computer waxay bilaabeen inay soo dhowaadaan qalabka si ay u isticmaala fudud. Haddaba dadka caadiga ah samayn karaa si ay u dhawraan sida ugu dhakhsaha badan kordhaya wax soo saarka, barnaamijyo cusub, iyo in ka badan. By dhamaadka 70-mada faafidda kombiyuutarada shakhsi ayaa heshay dakhli cajiib ah sare. Thanks to tallaabo firfircoon iyo khalkhalgelinta siwayn ugu ah danaha ganacsi ee shirkadaha waaweyn, yar oo American Bill Geyts ayaa si guul leh qabsanin xaq Microsoft ee horumarinta software. xawaalad Successful iyo patenting waqtigii of software, oo ay ku jiraan Windows, Microsoft dhigay muddo badan ku hogaamiyaha la aqoonsan yahay ee dunida ah ee IT teknoolajiyada, baabi'inta xafiiltamaan-soo horjeeda - shirkadda Apple.

qarniga afraad ah ayaa waxaa lagu soo koraya ilaa maantadan la joogo. Taariikhda horumarinta technology computer sii. kombiyuutarada Modern way kala duwan yihiin oo kaliya in in Processor badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa wixii macluumaad ah dawayn.