"Novik" - wax dumiya of raxan Ruushka

bilowgii qarnigii XX ay astaan u tahay horumarka degdeg ah Empire Ruush ee dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee warshadaha difaaca. Ma sinna sida arrimuhu guud iyo Dhismaha maraakiibta.

Waxa uu noqday "Novik" Mid ka mid ah maraakiibta ugu cajiibsan ee Navy Ruushka. Baabbi'iyihii wuxuu lahaa seaworthiness fiican iyo dhaqaajinta, kaas oo u ogolaanaya isticmaalka weel ee shaqooyin kala duwan.

shuruudaha

Dagaalka oo la Japan shaaca ka qaaday in daciifnimo iyo nuglaanta of raxan Ruushka. Tan iyo lacagta meeshii khasnaddu tiil oo casriyaynaysa maraakiibta dagaalka ma ahaa, ciidamada badda ayaa ku dhawaaqay ururinta lacagta dhismaha qaaraan ikhtiyaari ah oo Maraakiibta cusub. Lacagahaas waxaa la qorsheeyey in la dhiso markab oo dhowr ah oo fasalo kala duwan. ku baabbi'in, dreadnoughts iyo kuwa ku baabbi'inaya - iyaga ka mid ah.

mashaariicda

The injineerada caqabado cusub oo farsamo la abuuro of markabka ayaa u dhiibay. nooca baabbi'inaya "Novik" lahaa inaan la kulmo shuruudaha jeer oo casri ah, waxay u leeyihiin in ay si degdeg ah, si fiican u hubaysan iyo universal. astaamaha farsamo ee noocooda waa in ay ahaataa sida soo socota:

• xawaaraha - si ay u gaaraan 36 cutub,
• heerka at load buuxa - oo ku saabsan 33 kuus kuus;
• Quwadda unit awood - marawaxadaha Parsons.

hawlaha ayaa u babac dhigaya in ay injineerada waqtiga. Sidaa darteed, kooxaha xiiseynaya ayaa ku dhawaaqday tartan caalami ah oo design ka mid ah nooca markabka "Novik". jiil cusub oo shipbuilders gudaha xiiseynaya in baabbi'iyuhu.

Guddiga ayaa soo bandhigay sawiro deked markab Creighton iyo Nevsky, Putilov iyo warshadaha Admiralty. Kulanka ugu dambeeya ee mashruuca dib markii aqoonsaday guusha geedka Putilov ah, kaas oo la dhisay mustaqbalka, "Novik". baabbi'iyuhu ayaa waxaa ay soo saareen koox injineero hogaaminayo DD Dubitsky, kuwaas oo dusha kala qayb ka mid ah si farsamaysan ee doonnida, oo BO Vasilevsky mas'uul ka ah Dhismaha maraakiibta.

dhismaha

Oo 1907, maxkamadda oo ka mid ah "Novik" mar hore lagu soo daray design ka. nooca A cusub of baabbi'iyuhu la dhigay at deked markab Putilov ee 1910. In shaqo firfircoon shirkad Jarmal "Volcano", taas oo uu ka go'an in la qorsheeyo, soo saaraan iyo rakibi on markabka rakibo ah kuleeliyaha-marawaxadaha is haysta iyo xad awood on baabbi'iyuhu "Novik".

sawiro weel wanaagsan-soco sida dhamaystirka markabka. In ka badan koorsada ee dhismaha ku baabbi'inaya daawaday koox ee NV Forester, oo ahaan jiray Colonel ee Corps of Naval Horseedayaashii, Captain Corps of injineerada iyo makaanikada raxan Kravchenko GK Injineer Chief of mashruuca ahayd ka Tennyson.

muuqaalka kore ee markabka

Bishii October 1913 ayaa markii ugu horeysay uu ka tagay guraan kibirka hooyo ee Navy Ruushka - baabbi'iyuhu "Novik". Photo shirka ee St. Petersburg, ku dul socda qararka Neva iyo kulmay markab qurxoon, nasiib wanaag, ka badbaaday. Wargeysyada waqtiga tilmaamay in muwaadiniin badan ay ka yimaadeen si ay u bogi baabbi'iyuhu waa cusub. Ka dib oo dhan, markabka this waxaa la dhisay sida ay mabda'a of technology cusub. Markabka ayaa ku qalabeysan yahay tiro badan oo ah tuubooyinka toorbiidyo, degdeg-102-millimeter sharraxaa madaafiic la qalab loogu so keeye rakibo noqday archpriest of toorbiidyo Ruush iyo markab dagaal madaafiic Ujeedada universal. Intaa waxaa dheer, ee "Novik", baabbi'iyuhu waa la qalabeeyey nidaamka on-board of dab Salvo - kubad isku mar ka mid ah sideedii qoryaha waxaa baabuurka oo kaliya in ay class samaynta.

tayada kale oo gaar ah uu ahaa xawaaraha - muddo dheer (ilaa 1917), wuxuuna ahaa markabka oo kaliya in dhici karta iyo sugo xawaare ka badan 37 kuus kuus.

Adduunka ugu horreeya ee

Marka Empire Ruush galay dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, "Novik" waxaa ku qoran in ka Cruiser ah Fleet bari go'idda. In uu dagaalka ugu horeeyay ee uu soo baxay September 1, 1914. waxaa gaariga dagaal inta badan sameeyay dagaal madax-bannaan, ku tiirsan in ay xoog u gaar ah lehna. In xagaagii 1915 ee gacanka Riga qarxay laba baabbi'inaya Jarmal, kuwaas oo jiray ee la baray si ay u helaan oo u tiimban markabka Ruush.

"Novik" Kooxdu waxa ay ahayd inay awoodaan inay soo noqdaan si ay u weeraraan oo labadoodaba waxaa ka, hayso dab daran dhaawac artelleriyskim. Oo kuwanuna waaweyn military guulaha Biography markabka jiray kuwo badan.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay

Inta lagu jiro Kacaanka Oktoobar, halyeeyga "Novik" waxaa mothballed. Kaliya ka dib markii Dagaalkii Sokeeye, ee 1925, waxaana uu maray dayactirka a qayb iyo casriyeynta. Markabka ayaa waxaa magacooda loo baxshay. Haddaba baabbi'iyuhu waa halyeeyga ayaa loo magacaabay mid ka mid ah madaxda kacaanka - ". Yakov Sverdlov"

Dhamaadka shan iyo toban sannadood, doonnidii la soo diray in Fleet Baltic iyo waxaa loo isticmaalay ujeeddooyin tababarka. Bishii June 1941, markii colaad ka qarxay daafaha hore bari, waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay ka guuraan ah Maraakiibta ciidamada badda. Xulka ayaa indhaha la raacayay iyo "Novik". baabbi'iyuhu, taas oo muddo dheer la ilaaliyo Maraakiibta kale oo ka mid ah so keeye, anigaa ah uu ku dhacay. Sayidka dhamaaday halyeeyada jidka.