Jiilkii ugu horeeyay ee kombiyuutarada: Bar bilaw ah

In luqadda Ingiriisiga, erayga "computer" macnihiisu waa "computer". Waa iyada oo ujeedadu of fulinta xisaabaha adag, kombiyuutarada ugu horeysay la abuuray.

Taariikhda computer ka, sida laga yaabaa in ay u muuqato, xidido ku leeyahay ay Qarniyadii hore. Dabcan, qalabka ugu horeysay xisaabeed ma in wax la barbardhigo casriga tagaan, laakiin waa iyaga la, iyo bilaabay abuurka ah ee technology computer. Agabka ugu horreeya in dadka ka caawiya in ay ka fekeraan ayaa si fiican u yaqaan by dhammaan xisaabaadka.

abacus Baydka waa saxan alwaax, ciid rusheeyey. In Russia, sida qalab weyn xisaabaha fudud iyo xisaabaat isticmaalo lafaha decomposes galay cutub. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tan iyo jiritaanka Russia qaadi doono qarniyo badan ka hor inta aan helno meel u dhow abuurka ah ee computer ah.

Jiilkii ugu horeeyay ee kombiyuutarada la xidhiidha magacyada John von Neumann, Claude Shannon iyo Alan Turing - cilmiga ku tacaluqa si toos ah horumarinta technology computer. Inta badan ugu horeysay ee kombiyuutarada lagu abuuray ee muddada u dhaxaysa 1945 in 1954 sida tijaabo ah si ay u tijaabiso qaar ka mid ah jagooyinka af. Isla mar ahaantaana ku qaata horumarka cusub, si toos ah oo la xidhiidha macluumaadka tiknoolijiyada, sayniska - cybernetics. Ilaa 60meeyadii ee qarnigii 20-ka hooseeya cybernetics maldahan, sayniska la xidhiidha horumarinta technology computer, oo ay ku jiraan ay jihada ugu wanaagsan - robotics iyo war abuurashadoodii sirdoonka macmal. Jiilkii ugu horeeyay ee kombiyuutarada waxaa la abuuray oo ku salaysan shaqada ee tuubooyinka vacuum (la mid ah kuwa loo isticmaalo in telefishannada ka weyn), kombiyuutarada, qarnigii 20aad-, waxaa soo gaadhay Joogaba weyn, qol gaar ah loo baahan yahay si ay u meel.

horumar ah ee computer ka mid ah shanta talaabo ee aasaasiga ah. Maxay u badan tahay in la tixgeliyo waa muddada jiilka koowaad ee kombiyuutarada? Annagu ma tixgeliyaan abuurashadoodii ah xisaabeed awowayaashayo qadiimiga ah, maadaama ay yihiin, dhab ahaantii, waxay leeyihiin la xiriirta ah ee technology computer ma. Abuuridda kombiyuutarada ugu horeeyay, taas oo noocooda ah ee computer-ka casriga ah, waxay muhiim u tahay sayniska sida a, sida sayniska, guud ahaan.

Marxaladaha horumarinta ee computer ah:

• 1945-1954, magaalada - abuurka ah ee computer ugu horeeyay ee ku salaysan horumarinta qaab-dhismeedka of technology computer by John von Neumann - jiilka koowaad ee kombiyuutarada,
• 1955-1964, magaalada - abuurista jiilka labaad ee kombiyuutarada ku salaysan transistors, iyaga hirgelinta nidaamka ugu horeysay hawlgalka, horumarinta luqadaha barnaamijyada: Cobol, Algol, Fortran, ah ee kombiyuutarada for sale,
• 1965-1974, magaalada - abuurtay ee microchip, bilowgii isticmaalka xasuusta Semiconductor ah (RAM) in kombiyuutarka, iyo bilowgii wax soo saarka oo baaxad weyn oo ka mid ah kombiyuutarada.

Iyada oo ka 1975 si 1985 waa in muddo ah is dajiyaan horumarinta electro-kombiyuutarada.

Tan iyo 1985 wuxuu bilaabay muddo qarniga afraad ah kombiyuutarada, horumar technology computer by ay kordhineysaa baaxadda hawsheeda iyo in la yareeyo xajmiga, helitaanka iyo wax soo saarka mass kombiyuutarada.

Jiilkii shanaad ee kombiyuutarada eego saynisyahano Japanese ayaa soo jeedinaya in horumar ah ee lagu daydo jira kombiyuutarada iyo abuurista technology computer, awood u leh inay fahmaan amarrada ku user ee uu heerka fikirka. Marka laga kuwaas oo fuliya qorshayaasha wayn ee alifay shisheeye ama ma, jiilka koowaad ee kombiyuutarada ayaa door aad u muhiim ah in horumarinta teknoolajiyada macluumaadka mustaqbalka. The kombiyuutarada ugu horeysay, ka dadbaya sabab weyn oo nagu soo bandhigaysaa la bahal weyn oo dhab ah, si kastaba, waa noocooda oo dhan PC caadiga ah our. Aan jiritaankooda, been abuurtay ee laptops, Netbook, kiniin, iwm waxa ay ahaan laheyd wax aan macquul aheyn.