Boris Godunov: Biography gaaban. siyaasadda gudaha iyo dibadda Borisa Godunova

Boris Godunov waxa uu ku dhashay 1552 in qoyska boyar caan ah. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa oo xididdada Tatar. Aabbaha Boris, Fyodor, waa nin oday ah oo yar yar oo bohon, oo u dhow magaalada Vyazma. In 1569, nin dhallinyaro ah ayaa ku dhintay aabbihiis, iyo Boris dhaqaaqay Adeer Dmitri, oo noqday oprichnik. Isna wuxuu u adeegay si sariirta. Behind raaceen isaga iyo adeer u da'da yar ee Boris Godunov. Biography kooban oo uu-off ka qaaddid oo ka mid ahaa guur aan gabadhii Malyuta Skuratov - dalka ugu weyn in askar.

qiyaas xun

Boris la Tsar Ivan Xun ee, kaasoo uu kula horumariyo xiriir dhow la kulmay, inkastoo nooca fastidious taliyaha. Waxa uu go'aansaday in uu guursado wiilkiisa yaru Theodore Boris walaashiis Irina. Mar kii dhaxalka laga badiyay carshiga Ivan ah, status this waxaa maray in walaalkiisa ka yar.

Laakiin ilaa sano ee la soo dhaafay boqorka Boris sii waday in ay u dhaqmaan si taxadir in maxkamadda. Wada jir ah ula Bogdanom Belskim uu noqday qiyaas ah Ivana Groznogo. Sir Dzherom Gorsey, kuwaas oo ahaa Safiirka Britain, ku qoray in u dhexeeya laba ka mid ah ayaa la dareemayaa wiil iyo aabbe. Oo markii boqorkii dhintay, waxaa isaga ku xigay waxa uu ahaa oo ay ku jiraan Boris Godunov. Biography kooban oo Boyar helay maroojin cusub. Haddaba, isagu waa walaalkeen-in Tsar Fedor.

walaalkiis sharciga boqorka

Last Rurikovich jilicdo oo kala duwan iyo nooca qabow. Ma uusan haysan wax talanti maamul. Its ma at dhan u diyaariyey, waayo, doorka taliyaha xoogga weyn. Sidaas daraaddeed, golaha oo ka mid ah afar boyars waxaa la abuuray (oo ay ku jiraan Godunov), ayaa siiyey talobixin in gooyo qudhiisu ku hawlan arrimaha siyaasadda. Isla markiiba waxay bilaabeen in ay xirto mu'aamaraad ka dhan ah midba midka kale in laga takhaluso u tartameen oo u dhaw in ay boqorka. kooxaha kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan sababo qoys, Durid cadaawayaashiinna idinku soo muuqday godad, waxaana la cadaadiyo.

Si dhakhso ah, la taliyaha kaliya iyo kalsooni boqorka ahaa Boris Godunov. Biography kooban oo boqorka walaalkiis-in muddo this ka mid ah ururka doorashada, awowe ugu horeysay. Tani waxa ay ahayd tallaabo muhim ah u xoojin lahaa kaniisadda iyo dawladda. Ka dib markii dayrta ee Byzantium, Russia ku hadhay dalka durkiya in Asalraacnimadu. wadaaddadii Greek joojiyay soo galay dalka. Sidaa darteed, waxaa la go'aamiyay in awowe u horrayn doonaan Ruush Metropolitan Job.

Ninkaas tayo leh

Next, Boris lahaa si ay ula burburka, kaas oo ku sugnaa gudaha dalka ka dib markii cadaadis loo arag Ivana Groznogo iyo oprichnina jiritaanka macaamilo. In meesha ugu horeysa waxaan bilaabay inuu wax dhiso magaalada. Ka dib markii Tatar Khanate ee Kazan iyo jaaket la qabtay, Volga ahaa ee u baahan in Guryahoodu wax badan ka badbaadinta reer guuraa ah. Sidaa darteed, waxaa Samara, Saratov iyo Tsaritsyn. Dhismaha waxaa loo fuliyay iyo soohdimaha kale boqortooyo weyn (Belgorod, Voronezh, Livny). More dhawaan, iyadoo Ermak Cossacks ku guulaystay galbeedka Siberia, iyo haatan si qax ballaaran ee la degay iyo dadka ganacsiga. Sidaas daraaddeed waxaa Tomsk. All abuuristan patronized Boris Godunov. aroos Biography kooban oo ka mid ah qashinka badan ee qorshaynta magaalooyinka.

Arrin kale oo muhiim ahaa burbur dhaqaale. Land aan la xaaqay, dalagga siiyey wax soo saarka yar. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, xaaladaha ay noqdaan dad gaajo xun soo noqnoqda. siyaasadda Borisa Godunova arrintan la xiriira wuxuu ahaa xaqiiqada ah in geeddi-socodka lagu enslavement ah yaroow la bilaabay, kaas oo noqday hantida dadka dhulka ku. Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa in aad si deg deg ah loo abuuro beer weyn oo deggan shaqeeya, keeno beergooyska. In 1597 waxaa la saxiixay amar ku saabsan sano waqtiga xadidan - muddada uu ku qastaan carcarara la qabtay uuna cadaabay by maamulka. Markaasaa waxaa u ahaa muddo lix sano ah.

siyaasadda dibadda

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in xaq rasmi ah Fedor, dhammaan go'aamada muhiimka ah ee walaalkiis sharciga la buuxa iska caabin ah boqorka. Tani waa caddaynta ku siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Boris Godunov. In 1591, waxaa jiray duulaanka ah ee Crimean ah Kazi Khan Giray. xitaa wuxuu u kacay Moscow, laakiin, wajahay, line cusub ee dhawaan la dhisay ee qalcad ah, dib u degay. Its gaadhi wayn oo looma oggola in ay horumariyaan xawaare ka badan. Army, waxaa ku dhex jirtay Godunov, ilaa qabtay Tartars ah oo baabbi'isay. Ka dib markii magaalada soo laabtay, waxa uu ahaa Boris Daadiyey raalli boqornimada, inkastoo warlord ugu weyn ciyaaray Fedor Mstislavsky.

Ololaha kale oo muhiim ahaa dagaal kula Sweden. Ka dib guul Ivana Groznogo in Livonia ka Russia ayaa iska bakhtiistay territory ee badda bari. Sidaa darteed, Fedor iyo Boris rabay si ay ugu aargudaan. Waxay ku guulaysteen mahad falalka isku dubaridan oo ka mid ah ciidamada. In 1593 heshiis nabadeed oo la saxiixay, kaas oo Russia helay Ivangorod, Koporje iyo dhulal kale oo ka lumay ee Grozny. siyaasadda gudaha iyo dibadda Borisa Godunova la socday guusha.

Dhimashada Prince Dmitry

In 1591, murugo leh dhintay walaalkiis ka yar Fedor Dmitry. Haddii boqorka ma sii dhaxlay, markaas waa ilmahan heli lahaa carshiga. Waxa uu ku noolaa Uglich, halkaas oo uu duruufo dahsoon dhintay. Si aad u ogaato sababta dhimashada of kii dhaxalka lahaa, Moscow diray guddi uu madax ka yahay sayidka u istaagay Vasiliy Shuysky. Waxa uu doonayay inuu ka farxin Godunov oo sheegay in wiilka dhintay ay sabab u dayacaad iyo taxaddar la'aan ah hagayaal ay, markii mindi ciyaaray. Later, marka Boris yimid si ay awood, dad badan waxay bilaabeen inay ku ashtakeeyaan shirqool iyo dil of Dmitri. Marka hore waxa uu ahaa hadal heyn oo kaliya, laakiin ugu danbeyn waxay noqdeen Jidka dayrta boqorka.

Dabaaldega iyo cadaadinta

Fedor khilaafeen caafimaadka dadka saboolka ah. Sidaa darteed, uu dhintay ee 1598 mid ka mid ma la yaabay. Laakiin jasiiradda ahaa su'aasha ah ee bedelka ah. boqorku wuxuu lahaa gabadh, laakiin waxa ay ku dhintay iyo yaraantaadii. Xaaladda noqday mid gaar ah, sababtoo ah ka hor in wada ahaayeen wiilashii Rurik mar walba xariiq toosan. Muhim ahaa codkii boqorka naagtiisii Irina, kan xoogga loo bixiyey inuu walaalkiis.

Astaamaha u gaarka ah Boris Godunov in uu raalli. Sida Ninkaas of Fedor, uu ka soo gaaray aragnimada hodanka ah ee maamulka guud. Power in wakiil oo ka mid ah dadka of time in, waxaa siinay by Ilaah. Godunov at dhalashada qayb ka mid ah guri ammaan talada haya ma ahaa. Sidaa darteed, dad badan oo aad uga fiirsada keliya ugu horeysay ee ka mid ah eid ka ee Duma Boyar ah.

xaaladda Tani ma balse saamayn ku yeelan kara ku Boris, kaas oo horumariyey adag cadaadis ah. Waxa uu noqday ka shakiyaan. Dad badan oo soo dhawaaday bilaabay in ay isticmaalaan xaaladda this iyo cay cadaawayaashooda. Sidaas daraaddeed, tusaale ahaan, ayaa waxaa dhacday in Romanovs ah. Head of qoyska Fedor Nikitich loo diray keniisad ka dib markii uu ku eedeeyay in ay shirqool ka dhan ah boqorka. Qof kaliya laga saaray maxkamadda.

Gaajada iyo ridayeen ifbixii

Iyo, habase yeeshee, at baxdo heerka ugu sareeya ee awood uusan saamayn ku lahayn dadka caadiga ah - qastaan. "Hooseysa" ma jirin iska caabin ah si xoog, Boris Godunov. Dhibaatada dhawr sano ka qarxay ka dib markii dabaaldega ah. In 1601. abaar weyn dalka oo dhan. A xilli dhowr ahaa cimilada qabow, sababtoo ah taas oo laga badiyay qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dalagga. waxbarashada casriga ah ay soo jeedinayaan in sababta this ahaa qarax ee volcano ee South America iyo raasamaal xiga ee ash in jawiga. Mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale, laakiin qabow iyo Europe waxa ay ahayd. Tani ma aha in qalad, Boris heli, laakiin yaroow khilaafeen khuraafaad ah iyo abaarta keentay in korortay xiisada bulshada.

mulkiilayaasha The, kuwaas oo laga yaabaa ma ay quudin ku lifaaqan iyaga serfs, iyaga sii daayo. Taasi waxay ahayd ma aha inay dhacaan waddooyinka, si ay u bartey ka heli Eebe arzuqo iyada iyo hab-nololeedka. dadka dhulka leh qaar ka mid ah ay qarsoona, hadhuudh si ay u noolaadaan jeer dhibtoodaan. Marka ay tani ogaaday qastaan bilaabay dhinaca Oromada. Sidaas kacsada caanka kacdoonkii of suuf, halkaas oo dad badan oo ciidanka masaakiinta cadhooday u tageen inay Moscow. Waxay la jebiyey, balse ma aysan ku darin pop awood. Tsar Boris Godunov amar ku bixiyay in baaritaan ku saabsan sababaha dhacdadaas. Waxa uu sidoo kale isku dayeen in ay caawiyaan gaajoonaya. In Moscow, furay bakhaarradiina kibista. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, deeqsinimada keentay in xaqiiqda ah in magaalada uu madax tramps guud ahaan dalka. biinka ugu dhakhsaha badan loo madhiyo.

muuqaalka kore ee la firin ah

dhacdooyinka ka dib, caan ku Boris Godunov indhaha u saffarro uu ahaa cabeen. Dhanka kale, ee galbeedka xaaqan wararka xanta ah in ina Ivan Groznogo Dmitry nool oo horey u soo diray in Moscow nay Godunov iyo soo celinta guri ammaan ah oo sharci ah. Tani waxay soo baxday in Beenabuurte, Grigory Otrepyev. Waxa uu ahaa wadaad ah soo orday kuwaas oo u dhaqaaqay Poland. Iyada oo taageero ka abtirsan maxalliga ah, ayuu uuraysatay mu'aamaraad ah - oo iska dhig sidii mid dhintay Dmitry awoodda Russia qabta. Waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay la kulanto, iyadoo King Polish ah Sigismund. Sirkaalkii Yury Mnishek isaga siiyey lacag iyo ciidamada. Sidoo kale in marka hore Otrepiev biiray Cossacks of Zaporozhye Sech.

Ciidamada dhinac

Life Borisa Godunova waqtiga ay adag tahay. In dalka, hirarkii kacdoonka. yaroow gaajoodeen, wayna cadhooday farxad socotay hoos banner ee Dmitry ku Been.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, beenaala ma abaabulo laga yaabaa inuu xilli wax ku ool ah. Ciidamada Ruush xadka ee October, marka roob iyo qaboow bilaabay. Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab u ah dib u dhac iyo dib u dhac ee Poland. Kale failure taatikada Beenta Dmitry ahaa diidmada gelitaanka Khan Crimean si Moscow. In Poland rajaynayay in Tsar Ruushka lahaa inta u dhaxaysa laba dab, sababta oo ah waxa ay adkaan doonto in la abaabulo difaaca a. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Kazi Giray kuma uu dhicin inuu tago iyadoo ciidanka inuu ka Moscow. khasaare kale oo ahayd la'aanta ah ee madaafiicda xulka Falsdmitry.

Laakiin waxaa jiray qaladaad ka dhigay, oo Boris Godunov. Dhibaatada ahaa in uu u diidey news halis aheyn oo ku saabsan beenaala qaar ka mid ah. Waxa uu, ayaa dhanka kale, ma ahan mid aan waxtar lahayn, iyo in uu abaabulo olole wax ku ool ah, kaas oo noqday xarunta of Oster Castle.

guuldaradii Falsdmitry

ciidan la firin waxaa loo kala qaybiyey laba qaybood. In marka hore ay ahaayeen Cossacks, kuwaas oo si cad u socday waddooyinka. ciidanka labaad, taas oo uu ku jiray Lzhedmitry, dhex maray kaynta. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u dhacay Morawski Chernigov iyo dagaal la'aan. Laakiin Novgorod-Seversky ma doonayaan in la siiyo ilaa, iyo sayidkii deegaanka Peter Basmanov abaabulay difaaca, helay xoojiyo magaalooyinka dariska ah. In meel ka mid ah dagaal koowaad ee dagaalka, taas oo ku guuleystay beenaala ah. Boris Godunov ka argagaxay by warka. Oo isna wuxuu galbeed Guddoomiyaha Fedora Mstislavskogo diray.

Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan ee gacmaha "amiirka" ahaayeen Kursk, Rylsk iyo Sevsk mooyee. Mstislavsky la kulmay isaga u dhow tuulada Dobrynichi January 21, 1605. 20 kun oo askari boqornimada weeraray 23,000 oo taageerayaal ah Dmitry ku Been. Guusha ahayd Ratiu Moscow ee. Firin u cararay Putivl. Waxa ay u muuqatay in ay guusha kama dambaysta ah.

dhimashada

Laakiin lama filaan ah, waxaa jiray dhimashada Boris Godunov. On April 13, boqorkii 53-sano jir ah ayaa dareemay wareer cuntada ka dib markii ay si dhakhso ah oo ku dhintay. Recently, uu ku xanuunsaday badan sababta oo ah xamuulka waaweyn. Laakiin waxaa weli ma ay aqoon dhab ahaan waxa sabab u ahaa bixitaanka this nolosha. Qaar ka mid ah cilmi-waxay aaminsan yihiin in Godunov qudhiisu ama rajo, ama qof sumoobay xagga barxadda isaga beeray sun.

Si aad u ogaato in haatan aan weli suurtagal ah ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in uu boqorku ka soo haray ayaa reburied dhowr jeer. Xaqiiqada ah in uu dhintay ka dib carshiga wiilkiisa Theodore ahaa. Laakiinse waxaa isaga loo afgembiyey oo lagu dilay Falsdmitry (sida hooyadiis). In boqortooyada this Godunov guri ammaan dhamaaday. Dhibaatooyin ka bilaabay, inta lagu guda jiro kuwaas oo maamulka sheegtay in kooxo badan oo xataa polish ah. Laakiin ugu danbeyn uu noqday boqorka Mikhail Romanov - ina Fedora Nikiticha, oo keniisad soo diray Boris Godunov. Taariikhda ugu dambeyntii soo horjeeda xukumay.