Iron Lady siyaasadda British, Margaret Thatcher: xaqiiqooyinka Biography, hawlaha siyaasadda iyo xiiso leh

Margaret Thatcher - mid ka mid ah siyaasiyiinta ugu caansan ee qarnigii XX ah. Her shaqo sida Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Great Britain tegey 3 mudadaas ahayd 11 sano. Waxay ahayd waqti adag - marka dalka ku jiray dhibaato dhaqaale iyo bulsho oo qoto dheer, England loo yaqaan "Nin buka ee Europe." Margaret ahaa awoodaan in ay soo celin sharaftoodii hore ee Albion iyo in la hubiyo Fadilmo ciidamada ay guushu ku Konserfatifka.

"Thatcherism" siyaasadda

Ereygan waxaa loola jeedaa in la rakibo, kaas oo lagu gartaa Margaret Thatcher in fikirka, anshaxa iyo siyaasadda. Way ahaa Ra'iisul Wasaaraha markii uu isku dayay in la dhaqan geliyaa.

Its caan ugu muhiimsan ee la odhan karaa waa "midig ee sinnaan la'aanta." Ayuu Siyaasi sheegay in qofka kartaa inaad u guurto wax wanaagsan, ka khayr badan waxa ay leedahay la joogo. Thatcher dooday in suuqa xorta ah iyo hindisaha si ay u helaan gargaarka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqti isku mid ah uu u cambaareeyey "xaraaradda lacag lacag."

Waayo, "Thatcherism" sinnaanta - waa la Midyahay Dhalanteed. Xuquuqda lagu sinnaan, markeeda, riixo qofka ay u istaagaan, waxay isku hagaajinta iyo la habeeyo tayada noloshooda. Taasi waa sababta, iyadu ma xukumi Xoolo, laakiin on lid ku ah, ugu baaqay dhammaan muwaadiniinta in ay sameeyaan dadaal in ay taasi kor u, si ay u sii xoojiyo heer kuwa nool.

carruurnimada

Margaret Thatcher (Roberts) waxa uu ku dhashay 1925 on October 13 Granteme, oo u dhow London jihada a northerly. Qoyskeeda noolaa yaase, iyadoo sharraxaad la'aantu, waxaan dhihi karaa jidka qofku nolosha ee dadka Western Europe. guriga lahayn biyo socda, goobaha, sidoo kale, waxay ahaayeen on wadada. qoyska wuxuu lahaa laba gabdhood Muriel - ka weyn, oo Margaret - waxaa ka hoosaysay muddo 4 sano ah.

agagaarka The ugu weynaa ayaa ahaa sida hooyo - Beatrice, kii noogu yaraa wuxuu ahaa koobi saxda ah ee Alfred aabihiis. Waxay ahayd mid loo sharfay sida uu ugu jecel yahay, sidaas darteed ka waalid carruurnimada hore bilaabay in ay iyada tallaalo dhammaan sifooyinka in waqti dambe ee nolosha dadka waaweyn waxa aad buu u caawiyey iyo calaamad u ah marxalad ee qiimaynta qarnigii XX Britain u soo jeestay.

In 5 sano, Margaret bilaabay qaadashada casharada biyaano, oo ku guuleystay tartanka gabayada xitaa 4 sano ka dib. On darto maamulaha Margaret sheegay in ay ahayd mid aad u nasiib badan, taas oo iyadu ku jawaabay: "Waxa aan nasiib, waa horumar ah." Laga soo bilaabo da'da hore ayay koray dood, sidaas ahaa xubin joogto ah kooxda dooda iyo su'aalaha sara sannadaha hore ee jawaabaha macno buuxa masuul ka, ka duwan dadka dhiggooda ah, "jar" interjections qaar ka mid ah.

Aabbaha - fiican ee Margaret

Alfred lahaa waxbarashada hoose, dhexe, Iskhilaafeen, harraad aqoon cusub oo ay sabab u ma ku qaataan maalin aan akhriyo. tayada waxa uu fajac iyo gabadhiisa. Si wada jir ah ay u tageen inay maktabadda iyo qaadan toddobaadkii laba buug oo ujeeddo ah sidoo kale u akhriyo.

aabbihiis ayaa beeray tayo Margaret yar in ay ka duwan oo dhan. Kolkaasuu wuxuu iyada ku baray in nin waa "si uu u hoggaamiyo" oo aan la "kexeeyey". Waayo, kan waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd in ay ka shaqeeyaan maalin walba, fikirka ku saabsan mustaqbalka iyo ku saabsan booska bulshada. Alfred soo noqnoqda marar badan: ma loo baahan yahay inay wax ka qabtaan, maxaa yeelay, taas waxa laga sameeyaa intiisa kale.

Aabbahay wuxuu ahaa mid fiican iyada, in yar Margaret u maleeyey inuu ogaa wax walba. Muuqaalka caan ku ahaa harraad ah ee aqoonta. Waxay lahaa harraad ah wixii macluumaad ah ee waayo-aragnimo cusub. Margaret iyo aabbihiis u tegey inuu kulanka guddiga, isuna dhadhan ah ee siyaasadda, theatricality iyo codkarka. Markaas waxay ahayd 10 sano jir.

Margaret Thatcher xusuustay sanadaha soo hanuun aabbihiis, oo raacay iyagii dhex nolosha. Waxa uu ahaa kii keeneen wiilkii aasaaska ah in maanta dunida oo dhan ugu baaqaysaa "Thatcherism" Ereyga capacious.

waxbarashada Round Thatcher

Koritaanka, Margaret hadhay sidii muxaafidka ah sida in carruurnimada hore. Sababtu waxa jiray aragtiyo ku saabsan nolosha aabbaheed la jecel yahay. Wuxuu ahaa wakiil ah ee Protestant oo dhan cawaaqib raadiyo, ka sokow isagoo nin ganacsade ah, dukaan. Waxay marnaba u tegey inuu wax qoob ama aragtida filimada, laakiin durba waxay bilaabeen inay ka shaqeeyaan stock dukaanka qoyska Roberts, halkaas oo uu ka noqday ogyahay waxa aasaaska u ah ganacsiga iyo faa'iido.

Isla mar ahaantaana waxa uu muujiyay go'an - 4 sano ka bartay Laatiin, gelitaanka kulliyadda dumarka ugu caansan ee Oxford - Somerville. Deriskeeda qolka xusuusannaa in Margaret kacay markii weli gudcur ahayd oo isku dayaya in ay wax ka bartaan. Dabcan labaad adkeyd, waayo, iyadu jacayl la ina count ku dhacay, laakiin hooyadiis waxaa si waxashnimo ah u diiday Man, isagoo sheegay in gabadhii dukaan ah si fudud ma kulan wiilkeeda.

Gabar hami badan oo ay ogaadaan in ay nafteeda ku guuleystay siyaasadda. Margaret Thatcher waxay ahayd si firfircoon uga qayb doodda siyaasadeed iyo in sanadaha soo biiray Association of Konserfatifka, oo waxay noqdeen Madaxweynahooda koowaad, qof dumar ah oo 1946.

In 1947, ayay ku dhameysatay kaalinta waxbarashada ee jaamacadda Oxford la chemistry abaal marinta shahaadada koowaad ee. Isla markiiba helay shaqo cilmibaadhe-cilmi-bacyaal celluloid in Menningtone.

Sanadkii 1953, ayay heshay shahaadada sharciga ah iyo 5 sano ee soo socota, waxaa adkaan ku dhaqanka, isagoo soo shaqeeyay qareen. Wax yar ka dib waxay noqotay khabiir ku ah oo duurka ku ah canshuur, isagoo industry this bartay si fiican.

Sayidka, formation of siyaasadda mustaqbalka soo baxay arrin boosaska badan: ogaatay waxa aasaaska u ah dhismaha ganacsiga, waxay ahayd sayidkayga ah macluumaad ku saabsan sharciyada iyo canshuuraha, marka lagu daro, si fiican u yaqaanna ee geedi socodka sayniska, iyo ugu muhiimsan, dib u habaynta ee Margaret Thatcher aannaan xataa wakhtigaas, marka weli halkaasuu joogay ilaa hadda ka post ee ra'iisul wasaaraha.

ugu horeeyay ee siyaasadeed

Qaab daran oo ku filan, laakiin ka dib markii dhamaadka dugsiga, Margaret ogaado meeshuu joogo in ay sii wadaan waxbarashadooda - in Oxford. Waa maxay sababta ay jirto? Sababtoo ah dugsigan bartay dhammaan wasiirrada UK mustaqbalka. Waxaa, iyadu ma lumin waqti aan micne lahayn, soo biiray KAOU ah - Conservative Association ee jaamacadda Oxford. Tan iyo markaas waxa ay bilaabeen loo fuulaana waxay si Olympus siyaasadeed.

Xataa markaas ay haysatay oo jecel yihiin inay ku tartamaan jirka estate-wakiilka, laakiin in sidaas la sameeyo marka hore loo baahan yahay in uu noqdo Madaxweynihii KAOU. Oo Thatcher iyaga noqday sanadkii 1946. Aqoonsigaan waxa uu noqday mid aad u waqti lumis, ayay dhintay oo la seexday, waayo, 3-4 saacadood maalintii. xilligan ayaa yimid markii ay lahayd inta u dhaxaysa siyaasadda iyo waxbarashada dooran - waxay doorteen hore. Sidaa darteed, waa layaabna ma leh in Margaret Thatcher, arday hore iyo arday aad u fiican, diblooma sida "qanci karo", iyo shahaadada bachelor ee, iyada waxaa la siiyay fasalka 2aad.

Denis Thatcher - hage siyaasadda

In 1948, musharaxnimada Margaret ayaa ansixiyey ka qaybgalka doorashooyinka baarlamaanka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, xisbiyada Labour Party, ayaa taariikh ka adkaatay in Dartford. Si aad. Magaaladii waa la warshadaha ah. Sidaas daraaddeed doorashada ugu horeysay waxaa laga badiyay, laakiin waxaa la xataa ka badan u waxyoonay qof dumar ah hawl macquul ah.

Isla mar ahaantaana, ayay kulmay Denis Thatcher (waa magaca ninkeeda la og yahay adduunka oo dhan). In 1951, wuxuu soo jeediyay in ay iyada. Ninkii wuxuu ahaa 33 sano jir, wuxuuna ahaa xoogaa ka weyn, iyada oo badan. Denis ahaa nin ganacsade ah, oo sidaas daraaddeed ayaa laga yaabaa bixiyaan naag dhalinyarada wax kasta oo aad u baahan tahay. Haddaba iyadu waxay gebi ahaanba isaga qudhiisu sooco, ayaa laga yaabaa in siyaasadda, iyo dib u habaynta ku Margaret Tetcher (UK ay si xun u baahan yahay waqti) uur muddo dheer.

1953 wuxuu noqday iyada taako nolosha "cad". Thatcher Lamaanahan ayaa dhashay mataano, iyo afar bilood ka dib, Margaret gudbay imtixaanka kama dambaysta ah oo noqday qareen. Takhasustay dhaqanka ayay doortay gudbikaraa cashuurta, isagoo si fiican u bartay, siyaasada taas oo aad u faa'iido badan mustaqbalka.

Koobaya madaxa waa in la sheegay in Dennis ayaa door weyn ee koritaanka siyaasadda Margaret ciyaaray. Waxaa ka dib markii arooska, iyadu si buuxda u dhiibaan ayaa laga yaabaa in uu shaqo u jecel - siyaasadda.

Road Baarlamaanka

Dabayaaqadii 1950 Margaret la tamar cusub oo bilaabay in ay ka shaqeeyaan ee doorashada baarlamaanka. Waxa ugu adag ahayd in la helo gobolka, taas oo istaagi kara musharax. Waxay bilaabeen Kent, laakiin waxa uu ahaa kii labaad in ay la xidhay wadada Baarlamaanka. In degmo kale xaaladda gobolka si la mid ah oo la mid ah. Isla mar ahaantaana in failure Finchley dhacay musharax si uu ugu tartamo baarlamaanka. Shaqada ayaa ka billaabatay! Ka qaybgalayaashu waxay on this site ahaa 200 oo qof. tartan qoraal ah, taas oo keentay in 22 ka qaybgalayaasha ayaa loo doortay la sameeyay. Markaasaa la qabtay bandhig afka ah, ka dib markii taas ay jiraan musharaxiinta keliya 4, oo waxaa ku dhex jiray Margaret Thatcher. Waxay ahayd mid loo doortay musharaxa ee degmada, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in ay doorashada dhabta ah baarlamaanka.

In 1959, waxay Baarlamaanka Ingiriiska yimid - Jidka siyaasadda la furay. Waqtigaas wuxuu ahaa mid aad u allifey oo loogu talagalay konserfatifku bilaabay kakanaanta dhaqaalaha, Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Macmillan xanuunsaday oo is casilay. doorashada A baarlamaanka ee 1964, "fadhiya" on mucaaradka keydka Konserfatifka. Laakiin iyadu way u lahaa Margaret in isla sanadkaas loo magacaabay Wasiirka Shadow guryaha.

hogaamiyaha xisbiga

70 sano ayaa ku adag tahay dhaqaalaha iyo xaaladda gudaha ee UK. In muddo guudahaan dalka bilaabeen in ay taabacsaneyn in ay horumarka iyo waxa aan ka mid ahaa xataa in sare toban madaxda, inkasta oo ay had iyo safka hore.

In 1974, su'aal ayaa la sara kiciyey oo ku saabsan doorashada ee madaxa konserfatifku. Margaret Thatcher horey ay u dirayaan si ay u noqdaan soo horjeeda ah in hogaamiyaha hadda E. Heath. Doorashooyinka ayaa isaga hadhay lama filaan ah: 276 - 130 oo ruux ay guushu ku Thatcher oo 19 oo keliya Heath, ka dib markii taas waa uu ka noqday musharaxnimadiisa. Laakiin halkii Margaret lahaa xafiiltamaan ee cusub. Waxa ugu wayn ah taas oo ahayd Whitelaw ah. Wareegii labaad ee doorashada on 02.11.1975 taas oo ka muuqata faa'iido oo muuqda Thatcher lagu qabtay, waayo, waxaa u codeeyay 146 wakiillo la doortay, Whitelaw sidoo kale helay 79 cod.

Waxay ahayd waqti aad u adag, waayo, Konserfatifka, ay laba jeer looga adkaaday doorashadii baarlamaanka, tirada xubnaha xisbiga ee soo maratay hoos, u yimid dhibaatooyinka xisbiga. Waxa uu ahaa cad: xisbigu aad ugu baahnaa "dhiig cusub." Oo Thatcher sida mid ka mid ah, si ay ula qabsadaan this shaqada adag.

Siyaasadda Iron Lady Margaret Tetcher British

Waxay marka hore u noqday ra'iisul wasaaraha ee 1979. Kuwa ahaayeen doorashooyin adag, in ay aad u soo afjaro ninna ma uu hubo ee guusha ee xisbiga Konserfatifka, laakiin tirooyinka final muujisay in 339 ka mid ah 635 kursi ee baarlamaanka lagu qoray konserfatifku. Margaret ogaa in ay hadda aysan awoodin in ay ogaadaan fikradaha loo baabiiyo ee madaxiisa, waayo, sannad ka badan. In nolosha siyaasadeed ee Great Britain galay marxalad cusub.

Period inuu noqdo ra'iisul wasaaraha Margaret Thatcher waxay ahayd mid aad u kacsan, qarxaan galay xiisadda dhaqaale iyo bulsho ee dalka. share UK ee warshadaha ee dhaqaalaha adduunka uu hoos u dhacay quarter ah tan iyo dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. Enterprises khasaare, mushahar aad u yaraynaya. Iyo ganacsatada ayaa lagu qasbay in la yareeyo tayada wax soo saarka si loo yareeyo kharashka. Xiisadda dhaqaalaha ayaa hore u bilaabeen in ay horumariyaan galay siyaasadda ah, ballaariyo dalka ka gudahood.

gacanta adag iyo Itobiya talisnimo ee Margaret Thatcher caawiyay UK iyo hareeraha dadka British ka heli dhadhan guusha iyo in ay dib ugu soo celin gobolka.

Margaret ahaa had iyo jeer toos ah iyo si adag loola dhaqmo dadka dhammaan heerarka kala duwan. Waxay si qallafsan ula ururrada shaqaalaha, "whiners" iyo dulin diriray. Qaar badan oo kaliya riixay ay rigidity, laakiin weli inta badan ka soo daba tegey, sababta oo ah isku this xalinta dhibaatooyinka. Sidaa darteed, waxaa la laba jeer dib loo doortay in ay jagada ra'iisal wasaaraha.

None of wasiirrada ra'iisul qarnigii XX ma mashquulin this post waqti dheer. Waxa uu noqday calaamad u ah marxalad ah nooleenta Great Britain, isagoo macalin u ah dalka.

-Habeeynta iyo gaaro Thatcher

Margaret nafteeda ma naftayda wac qof dumar ah - waxay dhihi lahaa: Waxaan ahay siyaasi, iyo siyaasi leeyahay jinsiga jirin. Waxay muujiyeen geesinimo meelaha u ma lahayn rag ku filan.

Taasi markii la fuliyeen by colaadda ee Falklands la Argentina. Kingdom iyo United ayaa si gaar ah Thatcher muujiyeen go'aan ay arrintan la xiriira by bandhigid ciidamada halkaas, ka dib markii taas ay ciidamada Argentine ayaa lagu qasbay in uu ka tago jasiiradda. Tani waxay wax yar dagaal, waxay ahayd guul kale siyaasadeed ee Lady Iron ah. By habka, iyada waxaa la siiyey naaneesta ah ee aad u Ruush. In uu dalka u gaar ah qof unbending la odhan jiray Margaret fog ka yar poetically, tusaale ahaan, "Ram" ama "taangiga gaashaaman".

Waa xiiso leh in markii Thatcher ahaa Britain isku daya in la Midowga Soofiyeeti, Mikhail Gorbachev iyo xaaskiisa booqday dowladda ee London. Margaret yeedhay dhigiisa Soviet in ay "wax tuur" siyaabo badan, waxay ahaayeen in heshiis, inkastoo ay jiraan kala duwan.

dib u habaynta ayaa bilaabay by Lady Iron ah, hoos la karkariyey ilaa saddex caqiidada ugu muhiimsan:

• dhimista canshuurta ganacsiga weyn;
• gaarka ah ee goobaha dhaqaalaha dawladda,
• hoos u muhiim ah in mushaaraadka.

Arintaan, dabcan, waxay ahayd mid aad u jeclaysan leh inta badan dadka, laakiin waxa uu door wanaagsan in dhaqaalaha engegay.

Waxaa kaloo muhiim ah in kuwa sano dhibaatada of Ulster. Margaret Thatcher ayaa muujiyay xigmad qoto dheer siyaasadeed, isjacayl, laakiin go'aanka waqti isku mid cajiib ah. Waxay ku bixiyeen in la siiyo Ulster (Northern Ireland) xornimada ka England, haddii hayo ee aftida ayaa muujinaya in inta badan dadka u codeyn lahaa go'aankan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee run this ma wuxuu ahaa mid: sabab u ah Ulster waa ay marti-gelisay ee United Kingdom maanta. Waa in la ogaadaa in IRA ah (Irish Republican Army) xataa abaabulay weerarkii lagu qaaday ra'iisul-wasaaraha by qarxeen bam, laakiin Margaret lama ay waxyeello, ka duwan madaxda kale ee xisbiga Konserfatifka.

Raysal Care

In 1990, Margaret Thatcher iska casilay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu soo maray Epoch oo dhan. Iron Lady ahaa awoodaan in ay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska ku soo laabto ay xoog hore iyo ciyaaryahan, waxaa mar kale soo laabtay mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha ee dhaqaalaha dunida iyo siyaasadda. credit Tani waxay sii joogi doonaan weligood ee xasuusta ka mid ah dadka British, iyo magaca Margaret Thatcher weligiis imprinted ee taariikhda siyaasadeed ee UK. April 8th, 2013 Iron Lady dhammaatay. yaab badan, sida jir Thatcher? Margaret noolaa dheer, nolosha xiiso leh, oo gaarey 87 sano jir. Madaxweynaha oo sagootiyey israac lagu qabtay joogitaanka Queen Elizabeth II, xubnaha qoyskeeda, sidoo kale tirooyinka siyaasadeed ee marxalad teesto ah.