Deegaanada Ingiriisi ee North America. Dalalka - deegaanada hore ee Great Britain

Waxaa jira halyeeyada iyo sheekooyin of heerka uu isku halaynta ah sahamiyayaal geesi ah, muddo dheer ka hor Columbus booqday in North America badan oo kala duwan. iyaga dhex yiil, suufiyadoodii Chinese, xataa qarnigii 5aad degay California, iyo Spain, Portugal, adeegayaashan Irish iyo Socdaalba, sida la sheegay booqday dhulweynaha ee 6 da, 7aad iyo 9aad qarniyo. Area of North America waa 24.7 million square feet. km. Dalkan hodan waxaa si dabiici ah damcay ugaadha for dalal badan.

Xogta ugu kalsoonaan karo ayaa lagu soo waramayaa of BURCAD Norwegian booqday dhulweynaha ee 10-14 qarniyo. Laakiin dejinta ee Normans galay burbur dhacay qarnigii 14aad, ka tago ma raad la arki karo ee la xiriirta xidhiidhka dhinaca dhaqanka ee qaaradaha Yurub iyo Maraykanka. Dareenkan, North America waxaa lagu nasakhay qarnigii 15aad. Ka hor inta Yurub kale sameeyay waxa ay ahayd British.

The duulaan ugu horeysay British

helitaanka of America, British ah bilaabay dhoofku ee John Cabot (haddii kale magiciisa u muuqataa sidii Giovanni Kabboto ama Gabotto) iyo Sebastian, wiilkiisa, waxay ahaayeen, si adag u hadlayay, oo aan hooyo British iyo Talyaaniga ee adeegga ee England. Isagoo ka boqorka laba caravels helay, Cabot waxaa loo baahan yahay in la helo waddo Badda ah taasoo keentay in Shiinaha. Sida muuqata, in 1497, wuxuu soo gaadhay xeebaha dalka Labrador (meesha, kadis ah, ayaa la kulmay ESKIMOSKA ah), iyo sida macquulka ah Newfoundland, halkaasoo uu kula kulmay rinji la ocher cas Hindida.

Sidaas shir ugu horeysay ee qarnigii 15aad ee Europe la "Redskins" ee North America. In 1498 Cabot duulaan gaaray xeebta dhulweynaha mar kale.

Natiijadan ayaa waxa ay marka hore wax ku ool ah oo intaasu waxay ahayd daahfurka ah shoals kalluunka ugu qanisan xeebaha Newfoundland hore u soo sheegnay. Maraakiibta oo dhan maraakiibta kalluumaysiga ka England halkan soo gaadhay, tiradoodu waa sii kordhaya sanad walba.

Bilowgii gumaysigii

gumaysigii of North America bilaabay qarnigii 17aad. Waqtigaa, British ay horey u ahaayeen tartamaya in wajiga oo ka mid ah Isbaanish iyo Faransiis ah, oo sidoo kale doonayeen inay gumeysato qaaradda this. Dowladda British rumeysan yahay in Kanada waa hanti British dabiiciga ah ee America, sida xeebaha Canadian ayaa la furay Cabot duulaan dheer ka hor Faransiis ah. Isku day hanti saldhig looga dhigay in qarnigii 16aad, laakiin waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan lagu guuleysan: dahab British lama helin, iyo beeraha la dayacay. Kaliya ee bilowgii qarnigii 17aad waxay ahaayeen gumeysi ugu horeysay English. Waxay ahaayeen beeralay.

Sayidka, qarnigii 17aad ahaa talaabada ugu horeysa ee gumaysigii reer waynaha.

The gumeysi Ingiriisi joogta ah ugu horeysay ee North America ee Qarnigii 17aad

Shuuciyad ee England horumariyo inta badan in guusha ganacsiga shisheeye mahad, iyo sidoo kale abuurista shirkadaha ganacsiga tirayana deegaanada. Waayo, kanu Ujeedada, laba shirkad ganacsi, ayaa siyaabo badan ayaa loo sameeyey: London (Varginskaya ama South) iyo Taribo (North). Waxay la soo abaabulay la rukunto, waayo, saamiyada. axdiga England Royal lagu wareejiyay shirkadahan dhul been u dhaxaysa 34 iyo 41 ° loolka woqooyi, iyo sidoo kale gudaha aan xad lahayn. Britain u dhaqmeen sida haddii dhulka this iska lahaa dowladda, ma Hindi ah.

Virginia

Sir Hemford Gilbert helay charter ugu horeysay oggolaanaya aasaaskii deegaanada American. Hor inta aanad bilaabin iyo sii joogo, oo uu ku duulaan oo sahan ah si Newfoundland, laakiin burburtay oo ay jidka ku soo laabtay. Sayidka, xuquuqda Gilbert baxay inuu Sir Valteru Reyli, oo uu qaraabo, jecel a of Queen Elizabeth ah. Waxa uu in 1584 go'aansaday in la dhiso gumeysi ah xagga koonfureed oo dalka Chesapeake Bay iyo sharaf ah "Boqorad bikrad" la odhan jiray iyada Virginia (ka virgo ee Laatiin - Naag yahay.). map Ingiriisi of America, sidaas helay hanti kale. sanadka soo socda u tageen inay halkan waa koox kale oo gumeystihii deganaa ee gobolka jooga ee North Carolina on Roanoke Island. Dhamaadkii sannadka ay dalkoodii hooyo ku soo laabtay, maxaa yeelay, meesha uu soo xulay soo baxday in halis caafimaad. Ka mid ah degayaasha, kuwaas oo ahaa John White, artist a si fiican u yaqaan. Oo haddana wuxuu keenay wax badan oo Dakatu ka algoikinov nolosha - Hindida maxaliga ah. Masiirka ah ee kooxda kale, taas oo soo gaaray 1587 in Virginia, waa aan la aqoon.

Virginia shirkad ganacsi oo horrantii qarnigii 17aad, mashruuc ka mid ah Abuuridda of gumeysi soo jeediyay Valterom Reyli. Laga soo ganay ayaa la filayaa dakhliga weyn. At ay kharash gaar ah shirkadda gaarsiisaa dadka waxaa waajib ku ah in ay ka shaqeeyaan uu waajib afar ilaa shan sano.

Dhig for aasaasay 1607 gumeysi Jamestown loo doortay, laakiin doorashada ay ahayd mid xun. Meeshu waxay ahayd caafimaad qabin, iyada oo badan oo kaneecada, kaneecada. Intaa waxaa dheer, British ah ugu dhakhsaha badan noqday colka Hindida ah. Imaadyo iyaga, iyo cudur la dhawr bilood ayaa galaaftey nolosha-meelood laba ka mid ah degay oo ku saabsan.

Life abaabulay ood dagaal. Degay laba jeer maalintii, oo soo wada urursadeen oo soo diray in ay ka shaqeeyaan nidaamka duurka ku, fiid kasta way soo noqdeen qadada iyo salaadda ee Jamestown. Dzhon Rolf, kuwaas oo soo qaaday "amiirad" Pocahontas, gabadhii povhatanov ah hoggaamiye qabiil maxaliga ah, naagtiisa bilaabeen inay soo baxaan tubaakada la 1613. Tan iyo markaas, wax soo saarka this waxa uu noqday muddo dheer il muhiim ah oo dakhli ka mid ah degay iyo Company Virginia ee. Last, by dhiiri socdaalka, iyaga siiyey qoondeysnaa. qaaca ka England si America, qiimaha wadada sidoo kale waa miskiin helaan dhul yar taas oo bixiso lacagta go'an.

Maryland iyo Virginia

Later, ee 1624, markii Virginia (ee North America) waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay gumeysi boqornimo, iyo maamulka maray gacmaha taliyaha boqorkii soo ag magacaabay galay, adeegan waxa uu noqday nooc ka mid ah canshuurta dalka. Kordhinta socdaalka sii masaakiinta. Sidaas daraaddeed, haddii ay ahayd 8 kun oo degganaa, in 1700 ay ahayd mar hore 70 kun oo 1640, tirada dadka ee deegaanka. In Maryland, degaanadii kale British, la aasaasay 1634, isla markiiba ka dib markii la aasaasay Rabbiga Baltimore siiyey degay, ganacsato waaweyn iyo planters dhulka. Modern America ayaa magacyada reer map iyo deegaanada kale ee ka dambeeya waqtiga dowlad ahaan.

Oo Maryland, iyo Virginia oo khaas ah wax soo saarka ee tubaakada iyo, Sidaa darteed, ugu tiirsan alaabta British laga keeno. On xoqayaa in badan oo ka mid deegaanada kuwanu waxay ahaayeen ciidan shaqada dadka saboolka ugu weyn, ka England keenay. "Annagoo addoommadaada ah Indentured" oo ay u yeedhay, oo dhan qarnigii 17-up ka dhigay bulk of waddanka u soo guurey ee Maryland iyo Virginia.

degayaasha

Shaqadooda ugu dhaqsaha badan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ayaa lagu bedelay shaqada addoon ah kiiyoo ah, ka qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 17-timaado in degaanadii Ingiriisi koonfurta ee North America. Dufcaddii ugu horeysey badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waxaa la gaarsiiyey in 1619 ee Virginia.

Ka mid ah degay ee qarnigii 17aad iyo ahaayeen degayaasha free. In North Taribo gumeysi tageen "Aabbayaashow Xajka" - Ingiriisi Puritans, qaar ka mid ah ay ahaayeen sectarians cararay cadaadis diimeed ee England. Bishii November 1620, markabka la xajka ku degay promontory ee Cape Coda. Oo badhkood wuxuu u dhintay jiilaalka ugu horeysay tan iyo degayaashu, inta badan magaalada Borama, dalkii mana baaqbaaq laga yaabaa, ama inay u ugaadhsadaan ama kalluun. iyadoo la kaashanayo ku Indians, kaas oo baray dadka dhowaan yimid si ay u koraan hadhuudhkii oo keliya, inta kale ee ugu danbeyn ka badbaaday iyo xitaa u suurtagashay in ay bixiso daymaha ee safarka. dariiqadan Aasaasay ee gumeysi Taribo loo yaqaan New Taribo.

Massachusetts

Puritans The, kuwaas oo boqornimadii Stuarts waxay ahaayeen kuwa la dulmay, ee 1628 aasaasay gumeysi ee Massachusetts ee North America. kaniisadda Puritan lahaa awood aad u weyn in gumeysi ah. dadka deegaanka ayaa helay oo kaliya xaq u leeyahay inuu codeeyo haddii uu iska lahaa kaniisadda oo lahaa wacdiya talooyin wanaagsan. Kaliya shan ka mid ah dadka ku lab sidan lahaa xaq u leeyahay inuu codeeyo.

Later, inta lagu guda jiro Revolution Ingiriisi ah, deegaanada British balaariyay map. Waxaa jira lahaanshaha cusub. In the deegaanada Ingiriisi ee North America bilaabay imaanaya "marwooyin" - Muhaajiriinta dabaqadda sare kuwaas oo aan rabnaa in la taliskii aasaasay kacaan dalka. Waxay degeen inta badan ee Virginia, degaanadii koonfurta.

Caroline

Sideed ka mid ah barxadda King Charles II ee 1663 helay hadiyad ah ee dalka ku yaalla koonfurta Virginia, oo la aasaasay gumeysi ah Carolina (taasi oo markii dambe loo kala qaybiyey Waqooyiga iyo Koonfurta). Virginia tubaakada ku hodanaynta dadka dhulka leh dhaqanka halkan faafin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, meelaha qaarkood, sida Valley ee Shenandoah galbeedka Maryland, iyo sidoo kale dhulal of South Carolina koonfurta of Virginia, shuruudaha ma lahayn si ay u koraan dalagga this. Halkan waxaan rijeynaya in bariis, iyo sidoo kale in Georgia.

Carolina leedahay maxkamadda ka dhigi lahaa maal a on taranta oo bariis ah, qasabka sonkorta, waxayga linenka ah, hemp, wax soo saarka Xariir, indigo, in uu yahay, alaabta in yar yihiin ee England iyo waxa laga keeno wadamada kale. Halkan 1696 waxaa laga keeno kala duwan bariis Madagascan. Its beerashada ayaa tan iyo markii uu noqday shaqo ugu weyn ka mid ah dadka deegaanka ah boqol sano. Rice beeray on badda xeebteeda iyo biyagaleenka ahuba webiyada. shaqo adag maarmaan addoommo Negro, kuwaas oo lagu tiriyaa ku saabsan nus ka mid ah dadka ku nool 1700. In xaaladda ay ku sugan South Carolina, taas oo ah, in qaybta koonfureed ee gumeysi ah, weli waa ka xoog badan ee Virginia, addoonsiga aasaasay. Large slaveholders-planters ahaayeen in Charleston, xarun dhaqan iyo maamul ee gumeysi ah, guryo hodan. The dhaxla koowaad ee milkiilayaasha ay 1719 laga iibiyay Ingiriisi ah taaj xuquuqdooda.

North Carolina, halkaas oo ay ku noolaayeen, inta badan qaxootiga ka Virginia iyo Quakers ah (ka canshuur xad-dhaaf ah iyo deynta, beeralayda yaryar cararay), wuxuu ahaa qof dabeecad ka duwan. Waxaa jiray addoomo madow iyo beeraha waaweyn aad u yar. In 1726, North Carolina noqday gumeysi a British.

In dhammuna isagay dadka inta badan, aamusa by waddanka u soo guurey ka Scotland, England iyo Ireland.

NY

La taaban karo oo dheeraad ah midabo ahaa dadweynaha oo ka mid ah deegaanada kale: New York (hantida hore ee Dutch ee New Netherlands) in New Amsterdam (hadda New York City). Ka dib markii qabsaday British ah, ayay ka hor tagtay in ay ku Duke of York, walaalkiis of Charles II ee, Boqorka England. By wakhtigaas waxaa jiray wax ka badan 10 kun oo degganaa, kuwaasoo la hadlay 18 luqadood. Saamaynta ay ku Dutch wuxuu ku weynaa, inkastoo barbariyiintiina dalka oo aan ahayn aqlabiyadda. Raadad ka mid ah waa la ilaashaa, ilaa maantadan la joogo, oo ku qoran luqadda ee Maraykanka soo galay erayga Dutch iyo qaabka dhismaha ee Netherlands ayaa ka tagay ay ku ganaya on muuqaalka kore ee jooga magaalooyinka American iyo magaalooyinkii uu ka samaysan yahay casriga North America. Photos of New York ee 1851, hoos ka eeg.

Dhererka gumaysigii baaxadda

gumaysigii Ingiriiska ee North America ahaa mid aad u hami. qaarada Tani waxay u muuqatay dalka yaboohay masaakiinta Yurub. waxay Waxaa la qorsheeyey in ay ka baxsanayo cadaadis diimeed, dulmi ah ee dadka dhulka leh oo waaweyn iyo deynta baxsadaan.

Muhaajiriinta loo qorto in ay America ganacsiyo kala duwan, xitaa diyaarin in ay weerar dhab ah. Wakiilada Alxan dadka maqaayadaha. Diray cabbay qorteen gal Maraakiibta iyo loo qaaday degaanadii British ee North America.

Mid ka mid ah ka dib markii hanti kale oo British. Si degdeg ah sii kordhaya iyo dadka ay. Kacaanku beerolay ee Britain, taas oo qeyb ka ah u qoondeysnaa amuur yaroow weyn ka England dad badan oo masaakiin ah kuwaas oo doonayay in ay helaan dhul cusub ee deegaanada ku tuuray.

On waynaha, ee 1625 waxaa jiray 1980 ee la degay, iyo in 1641 - horeba 50 kun oo qof oo ka England, in aan ku xuso dadka kale. Xitaa ka dib markii 50 sano, dadka ayaa kor u kacay ilaa 200 kun. In 1760 waxay lacag 1,695 million deggan, kuwaas oo 310 ay ahaayeen addoomo negros. tirada degayaasha muddo shan sanno ah ayaa kor u kacay ku dhawaad kala bar.

Dagaalka oo la Hindi ah

Muddo dheer degay la diriray dagaal burbur ah Indians, qaadidda dalkoodii. Just dhowr sano, ka 1706 si ay u 1722 sano, ku dhowaad dhammaan qabiilooyinka Virginia la le'edeen, inkastoo la xiriirinaya ay hoggaamiye awood la British "xiriira" bonds.

In New England, xagga woqooyi, Puritans loo isticmaalo siyaabo kale: meel dhul ah ka Hindida ay iibsaday "dhaqdhaqaaqa ganacsi". Later, this siiyey kor u taariikhyahanadu ku doodaya in Americans ma awoowayaasha Indians ku qabtay dalka hana ku xadgudbin ay xorriyadda, iyo heshiis iyaga oo leh. thread ee kuul, waayo, sacab muggiis oo Baaruud, iyo D. sidaas on. Waxaad kartaa "iibsato" gabal weyn ee dalka. Oo Indians, kii aan ogayn jiritaanka hanti gaar ah, guud ahaan, ma aan ogayn oo ku saabsan content ee heshiiska. wacyiga ee sax sharciga ah ee guumaystayaashii ayaa laga eryay dalalka ka mid ah milkiilayaasha hore, iyo haddii ay isku mid ma ahayn inuu ka tago, iyaga baabi'inayaan. Gaar ahaan arxan ahaayeen jiriin diineed ee Massachusetts. Sida ku wacdiyaya kaniisadda, garaaceen Hindida waxay ahayd inuu Ilaah ka farxiyey. Tan iyo dhimashada badan dadka wadaniga ah.

Pennsylvania

marka laga reebo An siyaasadda naxariisdarro ah ee xasuuq ah Indians maxalliga ahaa Pennsylvania, aasaasay 1682 by barwaaqo ah Quaker William Penn, ina Admiral Ingiriisi ah, si ay ugu silcin jiray in shurako dalkooda. Halkan waxaan isku dayay in uu sii wado xiriirka saaxiibtinimo ee dadka deegaanka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, markii in 1744-1748 iyo 1755-1763 ahaayeen sano oo dagaal u dhexeeya Faransiis iyo deegaanada British, Hindi ah, kuwaas oo axdi la dhigtay ugu horreeyey, qabtay waxa ku jira oo lagu riixay ka baxsan Pennsylvania (North America). Photo of Pittsburgh casri ah, oo ku yaalla degaanadii hore, eeg hoos.

Gumaysigii qarnigii 19

Gumaysigii of North America sii galay qarnigii 19aad. In saddexaad ugu horreeya ee isbeddellada ay la taaban karo ayaa ka dhacay horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo arrimaha bulshada oo ka mid ah hanti British ee North America. Modern Kanada waxaa ka mid ah in ay xubin ka gumeysi hore ee British.

Qarnigii 19aad ee Kanada, oo hanti British ah oo magac la mid ah, ayaa soo galay oo ku saabsan nus milyan waddanka u soo guurey iyo dadka guud ee deegaanada uu ka sii badnayeen 1 milyan oo Man.. The asaaska dhaqaalaha noqday looxa , beeraha nooca beeraha iyo Dhismaha maraakiibta. waxaa manufactory. Laakiin ku salaysan wax soo saarka ee deegaanada ku hadhay farsamo yar. Laga keeno galay deegaanada wax soo saarka British oo ceejisay wax soo saarka maxaliga ah. burinaya Sidaas murugsan iyo bulshada. Saraakiisha gumeysiga, caleema saarka iyo ganacsato habboon dhul loogu tala galay dadka deegaanka. Kuwani iyo is burinaya kale keentay in caasinimo ah ee sare iyo hoose Kanada ee 1837-1838, siday u kala horreeyaan. Waxay ahaayeen cadaadis iyo madaxda ay fagaare toogasho ah.

amar gumeysiga Ingiriiska ka dib markii xakamaynta of ifbixii uu go'aansaday in uu sii wadi milmaan ee Faransiis Kanada, iyo in 1841 soo saaray Act of Union wixii Sare iyo Hoose Kanada, degaanadii hore ee Great Britain, ayaa ku biiray in hal ka yar magaca Kanada. Sharcigani wuxuu ahaa fal rabshad gumeysiga iyo kibir arxan.

gumeysi A of Great Britain ee qarnigii 19aad

Great Britain wakhtigaas lahaa hanti dibada badan. Qarnigii bartamihii 19-kii aagga of North America, ay leeyihiin England, ka koobnaa oo ka mid ah deegaanada soo socda: Nova Scotia, Canada, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, jasiiradda Prince Edward, iyo sidoo kale British Columbia, yaal xeebaha Badweynta Pacific iyo laga soocay inta kale ee hanti ah oo kun oo kiiloomitir.

In 60 sano England ayaa qarka u saaran in ay ku midoobidda ee deegaanada ay. In 1867, "Dominion ee Kanada", taas oo u midoobay ka mid ah gobolka gumeysi hore ee British. Waxay ka kooban tahay gobollada an Ingiriiska ku hadla ee Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, iyo sidoo kale Faransiis ku hadla Quebec. Dastuurka Kanada ayaa waxaa la ansixiyay ee isla sanadkaas.

Dalalka - deegaanada hore ee Great Britain, ayaa Sayidka mideeysan hal calan.