Panama Canal (sanadka ah ee furitaanka - 1914 th): biyo mareen macmal xira Pacific iyo Atlantic Oceans ah

Dabcan juqraafiga waxaynu og nahay in Canal Panama ee waa mid ka mid ah wadooyinka gaadiidka biyaha waaweyn interconnecting ee Pacific iyo badaha Atlantic. Waxa uu u tallaabay halkay ku ah magaca la mid ah in ay ka qayb aad u hooseeya. Sidaas darteed of Titanic shaqeeyaan waxaa la taaban karo gaabin waddo Badda u dhaxaysa dekedaha badan, tusaale ahaan, ka San Francisco in New York 24 300 km ilaa 10 700 km. Panama Canal (sanadka furitaanka 1914 D) waxa uu leeyahay dherer of 81 km, iyo wakhtiga ay marinka waa qiyaastii siddeed saacadood.

channel Tani, oo ay la socdaan Kiel iyo Suez, ayaa xaaladda caalami ah oo loo isticmaali karaa oo keliya iyadoo la raacayo adag sharciga caalamiga ah iyo mabaadi'da guud ahaan la aqoonsan yahay iyo sharci dajinta qaranka ee dalka waxaa leh. Waxa uu horay u ahaa 95 sano jir. Oo lagu uuraysan Panama Canal (furitaanka sanad 1914, in kasta oo ku qoran ugu horeysay) bilowgii qarnigii lix.

In muddo ah ka 1534 si ay u 1823 fikradda ah dhisayay qabsadeen maskaxda dowladda Spain. Waxa uu si joogta ah cilmi baaris ballaaran ee degaanka, dhisay channel waday / qorshaha dhismaha, ay muhiim u tahay kala guurka oo dhan guud ahaan halkay. In 1814 Spain xitaa meel fog ka amar baahisey. Laakiin 1823, waxay badiyay dhamaan deegaanada ay Koonfurta iyo Bartamaha America, iyo ka tageen qorshahooda. The soo socda 50 sano, cilmibaarisyadii iyo mashaariicda ku hawlan Ingiriiska, Maraykanka, Faransiiska iyo Holland. In dhamaadka xaq u gaarka ah ee dhismaha iyo dhimista ee 99 sano, ka helay shirkad Faransiis. Oo waxay noqotay in 1876, iyo saddex sano ka dib shirkadda waxaa ay la wareegeen diblomaasi Ferdinand de Lesseps, injineer ah dhisay Suez Canal, furay qayb Maritime hore - November 17, 1869.

Shirkadda Lesseps danbe kacday, waxaa loo magacaabay receivership, iyo in 1904 shirkadda laga iibiyay dowladda Maraykanka ee wadarta $ 40 million. Mareykanka kula heshiiyey Canal ee Panama on aagga kirada weligeed ah, iyo dhismaha shayga Panama Canal. Furitaanka sano, 1914 th, calaamad u ahayd dhammaadkii dadaal 11 sano oo shaqo daal iyo tusay inta ay ku kici gobolka si ay u hirgeliyaan fikradaha. Wadarta ayaa loo magacaabay badan - 220 million dollars.

Natiijadu waxay tahay marinka albaabka lix-xawaaraha ah iyada oo loo marayo halkay ku of Panama dekedda Atlantic ee Cristobal dekedda Balboa xeebta Pacific, jihada ka WoqooyiGalbeed kuna socota KoonfurBari ah. cimri channel, sida ku xusan, 80 km, taas oo 42 - channel macmal ah oo la qufulo. Dhererka qolalka qufulka waa 305 mitir, width - 33 iyo badh. cabbir waxay suurto gal noqotay 85% oo ka mid ah maraakiibta ganacsiga hadda ka hawlgala daafaha dunida.

Markabka hore halkay ku maray 15 August 1914, laakiin furitaanka rasmiga ah ee Canal Panama ka dhacay on June 12, 1920, ka dib markii taas oo uu u wakiishay buuxa lixaad qaba.

Haddaba maxkamadda ayaa u tudhay ka haysta inay hareer ka maraan Cape Horn iyo Strait of Magellan, sidaas oo kale ayaa haad ugu muhiimsan ee maraakiibta ayaa la bedelay. Year of furitaanka Canal Panama wuxuu ahaa bilaw u yahay marxalad cusub oo navigation ee gobolka. At 2-3 jeer si loo yareeyo masaafada u dhexeysa soohdimaha bari iyo galbeed ee Kanada iyo Mareykanka, inta u dhaxaysa Bariga Fog iyo Maraykanka, oo u dhexeeya dalalka Latin America laftiisa.

Back ee 20 jirka ah ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, Panama ahaa isku day lagu tarjumayo channel ay ka awood. Hawlgalkani waxa uu ka dhacay marxaladood, oo sannado badan, oo waxaa lagu dhameeyey December 31, 1999 oo keliya, marka laga faa'iiday Canal ee Panama (sanadka furitaanka 1914, qaybta hore oo, E. In ka badan 85 sano t.) xornimada buuxda oo wax ku ool ah.