Chernihiv-Seversky Monaco: meel, maamulka, magaalooyinka waaweyn ee juquraafi

Chernigov (ama Chernihiv-Seversky) Monaco ayaa ahaa mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu muhiimsan, kaas oo qarxay lahaanshaha asal caadiga ah ee Rurik. kibir waxaa si joogto ah maqalka magaalooyin dhowr ah, sababtoo ah in dhamaadka kala dhacday xer xeran yar. In qarnigii XIV ah Grand Duchy of Lithuania ka mid ah dalalkan oo u jideeyey, Chernihiv-Seversky Monaco ka mid ahaa.

The xaaladaha dabiiciga ah iyo dhulka kibir ah

meesha ugu weyn ee madax ku yaala ku jira xeedhada ah Desna iyo Sejm ah, ayaa loo qaybiyey bangiga bari ee Dnieper ah. baayacmushtariyaasha C. Don jiiday u hesho in ay Cuntada dhanba ku dhacaa ciridka, iyo ka - in Dnepr. Waa on ganacsiga webiyada iyo ku salaysan ay awood Chernihiv-Seversky Monaco. Tirada dadka shaqeeya ahaayeen caadiga ah ee dhexe Russia dalka waqtiga. Qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dhulka kaymo, hoos u goynta iyo gubida kaynta.

In ka badan labaatan sano ah, Chernihiv-Seversky Monaco ka mid ah meelo kala duwan. Waayo, inta badan ee ay taariikhda ee West ah, waxaa la koobnayn dalalka Chernigov, in bari ay ugu sarreysa ka mid ah xitaa Moore. The ugu weyn ee uu magaalada ka dib markii Chernigov badan oo sheekooyinka ku hadhay Novgorod-Seversky, in labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay jiritaanka madax banaan ee xarunta gobolka this ahaa Bryansk ah.

Madax noqdo madax banaan

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay Chernihiv noqday xarunta of kibir gaar ah ka dib markii dagaal ee tir tiro ee 1024. Tani waa dagaal ee la soo dhaafay iyo ugu weyn ee u dhexeeya wiilashii St. Vladimir. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka ku Mstislav Daring jabin Yaroslav Vladimirovich (falsan ka dib), laakiin ma uusan sii si ay ula dagaalamaan oo wuxuu u bixiyey si ay u qaadato hoos timaada dhulka qaybsada. Mstislav dhaxlay magaalada ugu weyn ee Chernigov ah kaliya ku tijaabiyey. Laakiin kibir Chernihiv-Seversky ma uusan helin in wejiga yaab this naaneeso Prince saar aasaasihii guri ammaan ah - wiilkiisa madiga Eustace aabbihiis hortiisa ku dhinteen oo isaga u gaar ah uma uu dayn dhaxla. Sidaas marka ee 1036 Mstislav dhintay ugaadhsaday, oo uu hantidiisa ka hooseeyeen awoodda Yaroslav.

Yaroslav Mudry, sida la og yahay, ka hor geeridiisa uu gobolka qaybsan wiilashiisa ka dhex doortay. Chernihiv helay Svyatoslav. Markaas waxa ay noqotay mustaqbalka madax banaan Chernihiv-Seversky Monaco. Princes uu guri ammaan ah ayaa loo yaqaan Olegovichy oo ku hadlaya magaca wiilkiisa Svyatoslav Oleg.

Dagaal la dhaxlay Yaroslava Mudrogo of kibir ah

Yaroslav Mudry dardaarmo iyo saddex wiil uu dunida kaga nooshahay. Wiilashii Kuwani (Izyaslav, Vsevolod iyo Svyatoslav) iyo waxaa jiray ku dhawaad 20 sano jir ah - ay qayb ka mid ah Midowga, oo hadda loo yaqaan Yaroslavichy duullaammo yihiin.

Laakiin in 1073, oo taageero ka Vsevolod, Svyatoslav eryay Izyaslav oo noqday Grand Duke, mideeysan oo uu ku xukumay Kyiv iyo Chernihiv-Seversky ee Monaco. Saddex sano ka dib, Svyatoslav dhintay sababtoo ah waxa uu isku dayay inuu ka saaro burada. Markaas Vsevolod heshii la Izyaslav ka Poland ku soo laabtay, isaga siiyey carshiga Kiev oo waxaa lagu Abaal marin isaga Chernihiv-Seversky Monaco by.

siyaasadda walaalo qeybiyey ee dalka ayaa diiday, oo ahaa wiilashii Svyatoslav of Chernigov. Waxay tagaan oo ay la socdaan this. dagaalka ayaa go'aan marxaladan ahaa dagaal ku Nezhatina Field. Wakhtigan, Vsevolod adkaaday, Chernihiv-Seversky Monaco tagay isaga for (sidoo kale Kiev, maxaa yeelay, Izyaslav ka warmo cadowga dhintay).

dhibaatada haysata Oleg Svyatoslavich: dibada

Sida aan kor ku soo sheegay, in nooc dhamaadka amiirku Chernigov-Seversk ah si hufan u raacay Oleg Svyatoslavich. Laakiin sida ay u tagay aabbihiis ahaa mid aad u ma fududa.

Ka dib guuldaradii ee Battle of Nezhatina Nive Olegu iyo Roman u suurtagashay in ay ka baxsadaan dhaxalka labaad - Tmutarakan. Laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan Roman ku dilay gacangeliyey sokeeye, uu Cumans, Khazars iyo Oleg qabtay iyo wareejiyay Constantinople.

Lama oga waxa qorshaha ku jiray gooyo Byzantine oo ku saabsan awow u Yaroslava Mudrogo, kiis kasta oo ay isbedel wayn ka dib markii fallaago reer Varangian ee Guard caan ah, taas oo ka dibna waxay ahaayeen barbariyiintiina ee dalka Ruushka.

Siyaasad ku dhisan in ay dhacdo taasi ma waxay ahayd: oo kaliya ayaa askartii, isagoo ku sugan gobolka sakhraan ah, weeraray qolka hurdada Imperial. Hadalka guuldareystay, ka qaybgalayaasha ayaa u saamaxay laakiin caasimada musaafuriyay, iyo Guard Varangian ka waqti in ka koobnaa ee Anglo-Saxons, kuwaas oo cararay ka dib markii England dalka guulaystay by William kaliga ah. No macluumaadka ku saabsan Oleg ka qayb wakhtigii dhirifka, laakiin waxaa sidoo kale loo diray - jasiiradda of Rhodes.

On the case of Oleg Rhodes si tartiib tartiib ah bilaabay si loo hagaajiyo. Wuxuu guursaday wakiil maxalli ah oo ka tirsan qoyska saameyn Feofano Muzalon. In 1083 wuxuu sida muuqata iyadoo la kaashanayo askartii Byzantine, ka erido Khazars iyo noqdo, Tmutarakani ma amiirkii ma taliyihii Byzantine.

dhibaatada haysata Oleg Svyatoslavich: laabtay Chernihiv

In 1093 Vsevolod Yaroslavich dhintay iyo Polovtsy weeraray dalka Ruushka, oo ay ku jiraan Chernihiv-Seversky Monaco, booska juquraafi waa arrin loo ogol yahay dadka reer guuraaga ah deel ee Badda Madow si ay u gaaraan. Waxa ay taageerayaan Oleg Cumans ku Svyatoslavich si ay ula dagaalamaan for dhaxalka aabbihiis. Against reer guuraa ah ka yeellay ina caanka Vsevolod Vladimir Monomah.

sanadka soo socda ahayd Svyatoslavich Chernihiv. Waxa uu noqday ku lifaaqan isaga iyo magaalooyin kale oo madax ah in, tegey socodka on Moore, Rostov iyo Suzdal, laakiin ka adkaadeen wiilasha Vladimira Monomaha Mstislav iyo Vyacheslav iyo Polovtsian (oo hadda u dhaqmeen dhinaca of Vladimir).

Si aad u rakibi nabad ugu danbeeyay ee labada amiirradii Ruush, in 1097 marti Congress caanka ah ee Lubicz. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in uu xaqiijistay u janjeera in ay daraawiishi ay of dhaxlaan dhaxal ahaan Saint Vladimir. Laakiin for this article, waxaa muhiim ah in Monaco Chernihiv-Seversky, inkastoo guuldaradii ee Oleg, Prince dhaqaaqay final this.

Novgorod Severskij soocay kibir

qaybsanaanta gaar ah - markii dagaallo joogto ah oo u dhexeeya amiirradii. Ku dhowaad dhammaan iyaga ka mid ah ayaa doonayay in la ballaariyo tirada ay, iyo qaar badan oo - in ay qaataan carshiga ee Kiev. Si firfircoon uga qayb ee ka mid ah dagaallo iyo Chernihiv-Seversky Monaco. goobta dhuleed (dhawaanshaha Kiev iyo gacan ku haynta qayb ka mid ah Dnieper ah) waxaa la dalacsiiyay. Maxaa yeelay, wax badan oo madax ah ayaa mar kale dumay.

madax Large maydin galay fiefs yar. Novgorod-Seversky noqday xarunta of kibir gaar ah oo dheeraad ah si wax looga qabto shirweynaha amiirrada in Liubech in 1097, laakiin muddo dheer waxa uu ahaa taliyaha kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga ku Chernigov. In 1164, dhimashada Svyatoslava Olgovicha ka dib, heshiiska ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey u dhaxeeya wiilkiisa, Oleg, iyo ugu weynaa ee ilma adeer ah Oleg - Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich. Sida laga soo xigtay, waxa uu, marka hore waxaan u baxay inuu ka Chernigov, iyo tan labaad - Novgorod-Seversky. Sidaas darteed, magaalooyinkaas bilaabay inuu u taliyo guri ammaan ah oo madax banaan.

Tartiib tartiib sii qaybsanaanta iyo kuwan madaxda galay xer xeran yar.

Batu ee duulaanka

Maydin galay madax xer xeran yar kuma guuleysan karto ciidan Tatar-Mongol uu hoggaaminayo Batu Khan (ee dhaqan Ruush Batu). Waxaa jira sharaxaad badan for this, mid ka mid ah ugu weyn - magaalada aan la midoobin in wajiga cadowga caadi ah. Chernihiv-Seversky kibir - xaqiijin ah muuqaal.

Waxa uu noqday goolkii ugu weerarka ugu weyn ee cadowga ee 1239, laakiin looga adkaaday koowaad ee weli dalkii uu dhaxalka u hore 1238-m. Ka dib markii jab ugu horeysay, Prince Mihail Chernigovsky uma uu diyaarin inuu kada lama filaan ah ugu weyn. Waxa uu dhowr sano ka dib si Hungary cararay,, u baxay inuu Horde iyo u dhintay diiday in ay qabtaan cibaadaysi jaahilka (canonized sida shahiid weli a), laakiin dagaalka ka dhanka ah-Tatar Mongol weligeed sii daayay.

Difaaca Chernihiv hore madax hawaystay inaan carshiga princely magaalada Mstislav Glebovich. Laakiin iyada oo aan taageero caabiyay nasasho Chernihiv of kibir iyo adkaadeen, Mstislav mar kale ku orday ee Hungary.

Chernihiv-Seversky Monaco noqday caan ah oo difaaca ka mid ah magaalooyinka ay yar - Kozelsk. amiirka Xeerarka magaalada dhallaanka (isagu wuxuu ahaa 12), laakiin waxa la dhisay dhex milmin. Kozelsk waxaa ku yaalla buuraha u dhexeeya laba Wabiyaal (Zhizdra iyo Drugusnoy) la bangiyada uga yaacday. Difaaca socday 7 toddobaad (hayn kari si ay u difaacaan oo kaliya Kiev ka awood badan). Cadaato, Kozelsk oo keliya dirir ciidamada ugu weyn ee Chernihiv-Seversky Monaco, ee 1238, weli inta badan Yuuna Taabaninba duulaankii, uma iman in uu gargaar.

Under ka harqood Tatar-Mongol

Muddo yar ka dib qabsashadii dalka degganaa oo Ruush ah boqortooyadiisa Tatar-Mongol qarxay ilaa. Batu Khan ayaa waxaa si firfircoon uga qayb dagaalka ka dhanka ah oo durriyadii Genghis Khan kasta oo kale. Sidaas darteed, wuxuu noqday taliyaha mid ka mid ah jajabkii awoodaha uu - Horde Golden ah (taas oo ay addeecin oo dalka Ruush).

Under xukunka taliyayaashii Golden Horde aan laga badiyay awood, laakiin waxay lahaayeen xaq u leeyahay inuu u xaqiijiyo, kaas oo ay u tageen inay Horde ah si aad u hesho toobiye waxa loogu yeero. Gardarada ahaa faa'iido si ay u maareeyaan dalalka hubka Ruush isu Ruush.

maamulka Chernihiv-Seversky Monaco dhisay on mabda'a isku mid ah. Laakiin ay xarunta wareejiyay. Haddaba, amiirradii weyn of Chernigov bilaabay inuu u taliyo ka Bryansk. Waa wax badan ka yar ee Chernigov iyo Novgorod-Seversky soo gaartay duulaankii.

Olegovichy in aadan awoodin in uu abaabulo difaaca ee madax ka badiyay horyaalka. Muddo ka helay amiirradii reer Smolensk.

In Grand Duchy reer Lithuania

In 1357 lagu qabtay Bryansk Grand Duke of Lithuania Algirdas. Si dhakhso ah inta kale ee dhaxalka Chernihiv-Seversky kibir ah qayb ka mid ah Grand Duchy reer Lithuania noqday. Waxaa xusid mudan leh dhawr eray oo ku saabsan Algirdas kuwaas oo dadaal Chernihiv-Seversky Monaco xoogga ah ee Tatar Mongol yimid.

Algirdas ma ahaa ahaa curadkii hore Grand Duke of Lithuania Gedemin, laakiin 4 sano ka dib dhimashadii aabbihiis, oo uu ku taageeray by walaalkiis Keistut helay awood wayn. Oo wiilashiisa ee ay ugu caansan - Jagiello. Sidaas darteed, waxa uu ahaa wiilashii Algirdas ahaayeen Jagiellonians - guri ammaan, kaas oo meesha ka saaray in dalal badan oo ka mid ah Bariga iyo Bartamaha Europe.

Marka Algirdas iyo Kęstutis helay awoodda wayn ee Grand Duchy reer Lithuania, waxay la wadaago awoodaha. Keystut ku hawlan difaaca soohdimaha galbeedka, cadowgooda ugu wayn waxay ahaayeen kuwa Saliibiyiinta ah. Algirdas qaatay siyaasadda bariga shisheeye. Oo uu soo horjeeda ugu weyn ahaa Orda Zolotaya iyo ku tiirsan tahay iyada gobolka (mid ka mid ah taas oo ahayd waqti Muscovy). Algirdas guulaysteen. Waxa uu adkaaday Tartars ee 1362 ee dagaal weyn ee Blue Waters iyo LABAGEEDI OO in Grand Duchy reer Lithuania hanti badan hore ee Rurik. Waxa uu noqday milkiilaha oo ka mid ah caasimadda iyo guri ammaan ugu horeysay ee Russian - Kiev.

In Grand Duchy reer Lithuania muddo dheer ku hadhay madaxbannaani, halkan ka muuqaalada Chernihiv-Seversky Monaco, maxaa yeelay, farsamo ahaan waxay ku hadhay oo madax banaan, waxa kaliya taliyaha Vilna magacaabay. sida ugu danbeysay ee ahayd Prince Roman Mikhailovich, kuwaas oo markii dambe meesha ka lahaa Smolensk, halkaas oo in 1401 uu dilay by dadka deegaanka u xanaaqay ee magaalada. Qarnigii XV ah, dhaxalkii ay Chernihiv-Seversky ee Monaco hore laga badiyay ay xorriyadda.

afterword

Waxaa ka mid ah gobolada, taas oo kor ka qarxay gobolka mar midaysan ee Rurik, aad u muhiim ah oo ahaa Monaco Chernihiv-Seversky. Caan ku sheekadiisa waa caadiga ah ee badan ee la xiriirta in ay hanti hore Yaroslava Mudrogo, laakiin waxa uu leeyahay pages ay xiiso leh dhalaalaysa.

Waxaa gooni istaagay, maydin galay xer xeran, ma siin karaan caabiga duulaankii ee Mongols ah, oo ay addeecin, oo mar dambe Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1569, dalalkan oo uu lagu wareejiyay boqortooyada Polish.

Qaybaha, kibir Chernihiv-Seversky dhacay dhalashada badan saameynta badan ee Grand Duchy reer Lithuania iyo Polish-Lithuanian ee Commonwealth. The ugu caansan iyaga ka mid ah - amiirro Novosilsky.