Saynisyahan Soviet, mid ka mid ah aasaasayaasha Cosmonautics Yuri Kondratyuk: Biography, guulaha iyo xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Yuriy Vasilevich Kondratyuk - Saynisyahan ee USSR la Guard White ee la soo dhaafay. Wuxuu ku dhashay 1897, June 9. In qarnigii hore XX, waxaa la xisaabiyaa dhabbihii si mug leh dayaxa - ". Track Kondratyuka" Ka dibna, xisaabaha uu la isticmaalay by NASA ee barnaamijka "Apollo". dheeraad ah ka fiirso badan ahaa xataa caanka Yuriy Vasilevich Kondratyuk.

Biography laga bilaabo dhalashada ilaa Caasinimadooda

magaca Real ee mustaqbalka tiradaasi aad u fiican sayniska ahayd arrin oo kala duwan. Yuri Kondratyuk - alias Alexander Ignatievitch Shargeya. Waxa uu ku dhashay Poltava, in qoyska Russified Jarmalka iyo Yuhuuddii qaaday galaya. Great awoowe ahaa Anton Andreevich Shlippenbah, kuwaas oo ka qayb qaatay dagaalka ee 1812

Alexander qaatay caruurnimadiisii guriga ayeeyadii ee, iyo labaad ee ninkeeda. Waxay ahayd umuliso, oo isna - dhakhtar dal, iyo madaxa dambe ee laanta saddexaad shurrucda. Marka uu ahaa sano jir ah, aabbihiis u tegey inuu Germany, in Darmstadt, inaad wax ka barato tehshkole Sare. Muddo ka dib, waxaa bilaabay cudurka dhimirka ee hooyada, si ay u loo dhigay isbitaalka sida u qabo s. Small Budyscha. Halkan ayay ku qaatay inta kale ee uu noloshiisa.

In 1903 aabbihiisna wuxuu wiilkiisii St. Petersburg dhaqaaqay. Halkan, ay qoyska noqday Helena Petrovna Giberman. Waxay ahayd gabadhii dumarka caan ah, oo turjumaad ah publications caafimaad P. I. jiito-Gibermana. sanadka soo socda, 1907, Alexander tago dugsi jasiiradda Vasilveskom. In 1910 wuxuu ku dhashay uu bar walaashaa Nina. Isla sanadkaas aabbihiis si kedis ah ku geeriyooday. Alexander gurigii ayeeyadii soo laabtay.

Laga soo bilaabo 1910 in 1916 uu ka helay shahaadada labaad ee gymnasium Poltava labaad, iyo qalin la bilad qalin ah. Marka la dhameeyo tababarka, Alexander gaaray Petrograd Polytechnic Institute, waaxda farsamo (hadda - Jaamacadda St. Petersburg Polytechnic State). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in November 1916 at call ciidanka uu wareejiyay waaran dugsiga. Ka hor inta aan ka dhigis ah ee guga ee 1918 ka qaybgalay dagaalka ku hor Turkish. Sida sarkaal ciidanka Saarka, ka dib markii kacaanka ee 1917 uu abaabuli galay ciidankii reer cad, laakiin cidla ah.

Ka dib markii qabashada Kiev Alexander Red Army isku dayeen in ay ka baxsadaan on foot dibadda. Laakiinse waxaa isaga loo qabtay oo soo celiyey. Under xanuun aargoosi oo uu la soo dhaafay iyadoo la kaashanayo iyada aayo Helen Giberman helay dokumentiyo cusub. Laga soo bilaabo in uu noqday Yuriem Vasilevichem Kondratyukom, ku dhashay 1900 degmada Lutsk. Sida laga soo xigtay dokumentiyadan, uu ku noolaa markii ugu harsan tahay.

The hawlaha shaqo ugu horeysay

Laga soo bilaabo 1921 in 1927 Yuri Kondratyuk shaqeeyay Kuban, koonfurta Ukraine, North Caucasus. Halkan, wuxuu ahaa greaser, a baabuur trailer, wiishka makaanik. In 1927 wuxuu u dhaqaaqay Siberia halis ugu cadaadis KGB ah. Waxay ahayd fududahay in la qariyo magac been ah. In Novosibirsk, Kondratyuk Yuriy helo shirkad "Khleboprodukt". Halkan uu lahaa ka qayb dhismaha iyo horumarinta ee wiishashka qaado. Just waqtigan, wuxuu ka dhisay caan ah "Mastodon" ah - .. sherkadaha, loogu talagalay 13 kun oo tan oo dhismaha waxaa la abuuray iyaga oo aan hal qori dhidib ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, Yuri Kondratyuk yimid dhowr jeer Biisk. Halkaas oo uu macalin on mechanization habka keydinta dalagga.

maxkamad

Dhanka kale, maamulka ee shirkadda "Khleboprodukt" su'aalo isku halaynta of "Mastodon", kuwaas oo abuuray Yuriy Kondratyuk ku Vasilevich. xadhiga lagu eedeeyay waxyeeleynayo ka dhacay 1930, on July 30. maamulka shirkadda ayaa keentay in qoraaga mashruuca, ma aha oo kaliya ma isticmaali ciddiyaha, lakiin xitaa ma uusan sawiro kasta. Sidaas darteed, oo lagu eedeeyay Yuri Kondratyuk ayaa lagu xukumay saddex sano oo ay xeradii oo dhan. "Mastodon" sidoo kale istaagay muddo ka badan 60 sano oo waxaa lagu duminayo in bartamihii-90s dabka.

hawlo cusub

Dhinaca kale xerada lagu badalay shuqulka sameeyey in Bureau Gaarka Novosibirsk № 14 maxaabiista injineerada. Waxaa lagu qaaday horumarinta mashaariicda ganacsiga dhuxusha. Hawshan waxaa lagu qabtay Yuri Kondratyuk. Uu Biography ka dheregsan yahay noocyo kala duwan oo dhacdooyin la yaab leh. Sidaas darteed, ka shaqeeya lambarka xafiiska 14, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay helaan shatiyada berrinkii qalab macdanta iyo macdanta. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa uu soo daabacay dhowr articles on arrimo gaar ah. ayaa ka mid ah iyaga fududeynta iyo dardar-gelinta ee miinooyinka ee porodorubochnyh mechanization opalubnoy iyo shaqada la taaban karo, xoojiyeen darawalka raso la taaban karo, iyo si bixi.

beer Crimean dabaysha

Inta lagu jiro jiritaanka xafiiska khaas ah lagu qabtay tartan la abuuro of Dakatu of rakibo. Shuruudaha akhrin iyo Yuri Kondratyuk. Dhigaayo WEC uu ka soo qaadeen iyadoo la kaashanaysa Gorchakov. Wax yar ka dib, shaqo ahaa lug iyo Nikitin - abuuraha munaaraddii telefishanka Ostankino. Dakatu ayaa dhameystirtay by November 1932 Qorayaal muddo gaaban ka dib waxaa loo ogol yahay in ay magaalada tagaan. At tartanka mashruuca ahaa ugu fiican. In 1933, ee ku adkeysaneyso ee Commissariat Kondratyuka sii daayo Dadka hore ka masaafurin. Waayo, 1934 xiga design beerta dabaysha ayaa gebi ahaanba la dhamaystirin. Dhismaha aasaaska bilaabay in 1937 on Mount Ai-Petri. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in soo socda, 1938, shaqada la joojiyay sababo la xiriira diidmada xarumaha tamarta dabaysha awood badan. Labadii sano ee soo socota Kondratiuk loogu talagalay tijaabo yar WPP.

Dhab ahaantii xiiso leh

Iyada oo ka shaqeeya ka Dakatu oo waayo aragnimo ah tamarta dabaysha, kaas oo lahaa Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich, Biography, guulaha xiiso uu S. P. Koroleva. count Last on iskaashiga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich jeedinta this aan lagu aqbalin. Sida laga soo xigtay mid ka mid ah version, ayuu failure ee ballanqaadyada hadda jira ee la xiriira in ay ka shaqeeyaan beeraha, dabaysha ayaa ka. Sida laga soo xigtay ilo kale, sabab u ahaa in hawlaha la xidhiidha mashaariicda military, si adag gacanta ku NKVD ah. In the case of xaqiijinta furo laga yaabaa inuu la soo dhaafay whiteguard iyo xaqiiqda ah been of waraaqaha. cawaaqib waxay noqon kartaa mid aad u halis ah.

Ka qayb qaadashada dagaalkii labaad ee dunida

Bilowga aad dagaalka, Yuri Kondratyuk diiwaan geliyaa maleeshiyada tabaruce ahaan. Waxa uu ku qoran lugta 2aad ee Ciidankii Qaybta 21-aad ee degmada Moscow ee Kiev ee, in shirkadda of isgaarsiinta, telephonist. Bishii Oktoobar 1941, unit ka baxay deegaanka. Intaas ka dib Kondratiuk shaqeeyay shirkad xiran oo ka mid ah lugta 47aad Ciidankii ee Qaybta 194th. Ka dib markii in, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa taliyaha prokomvzvoda iyo kala Guutada 1, qayb ka mid ah dhismaha 2-aad ee ciidanka 49aad Western. Iyadoo la tixraacayo soo galo "Book of Memory" Yuri Kondratyuk (Yuriy Kondratyuk) ee 1942 uu ku dhintay, on 25 February. Oo waxaa lagu aasay gobolka Orel, oo u dhow tuulada. Krivtsovo.

aasaasaha astronautics

Yuriy Vasilevich Kondratyuk inta lagu guda jiro sano ee uu hawlaha shaqada ayaa soo saaray dhowr publications. Sayidka, iyadoo aan loo eegin Tsiolkovskii, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay lean habka asalka ah ee isla'egta asaasiga ah ee gantaalada. Intaa waxaa dheer Kondratjuk tilmaamay circuit afar-yada iyo dejinta biiyaha ah paraboloidal shidaalka oxyhydrogen qolladdii sari engine la meel biloway of nozzles oo kale oo dheeraad ah. All of taas oo uu sheegay in uu buugga "Kuwa akhrin doono in la dhiso" ee 1919

fikradaha muhiimka ah

In uu shaqo Kondratyuk soo jeediyay:

1. Codso iska caabin ah hawada lagu jiro codkeeda gantaal lagu jiro dhaqaalaha shidaalka soo jeeda.
2. Muuji markab lagu jiro dayuurada in meerayaasha kale si kastana falagiisuu ee satellite macmal ah. Waayo, caga aadanaha oo ku soo celi idaacadda si ay u isticmaalaan rakibo ah degtey yar. Hindisaha Tani waxaa la hirgeliyey barnaamijka "Apollo".
3. Isticmaal beerta gravitational ka dhaceen ee jidhadhka samada, waayo, dorazgona ama ku istaago markii duulaya nidaamka qoraxda. soo jeedinta waxaa loo yaqaan "dhaqdhaqaaq aan fiicnayn."

In warqad la mid ah Kondratiuk tixgeliyo waxaa macquul ah in la isticmaalo tamarta qorraxda ay awoodda nidaamka saarnaa pride ee, iyo sidoo kale in ay meel in Earth Orbit muraayadaha weyn oo daari doona dusha sare ee caalamka.

Shaqada labaad

In 1929, wuxuu qoray buug ku saabsan qabsashadii of space interplanetary. Waxaa Kondratiuk micneeyey isku xigxiga ee marxaladaha hore ee sahaminta bannaan, kaas oo lagu qeexay inuu shaqada ugu horeysay. Sidaas daraaddeed, in buugga cusub, author la soo jeediyay si ay u fuliyaan sahayda ee satalayt gudahood kastana falagiisuu dhex dhulka by a nidaamyada gantaalada iyo madaafiicda. Maanta, habkan waxaa fuliyey qaab gaadiidka iyo xamuulka maraakiibta sida "Progress". Sidoo kale kitaabka Kondratiuk cilmi su'aalo ku saabsan ilaalinta kaamerada of pride inta ay barakaca in jawiga.

xusuusta

Waxaan gelin badan oo dadaal si loo soo celiyo magaca wanaagsan ee Yuri Kondratyuk saaxiibkii iyo walaalkiis-ka dibna la qorsheeyo booto iyo xafiisyadooda. Lavochkin bi Romanenko. Ka dib hawlgabka, wuxuu iska Nagi in "interplanetary" saxaafadda. In xasuusta of guulaha fiican Kondratyuka waxaa la abuuray taxadiri badan, jidadka waxaa la odhan jiray, soo saaray qadaadiicda xusuus. Sidaas daraaddeed, taxadiri rakibay in Poltava, in Komsomolsk (in college). In degmada Krylovskaya of Territory Krasnodar ee Art. October, madxafka oo ah xusuus ah Kondratyuk. Tan iyo 1992, waxaa la magacaabay ka dib markii Novosibirsk Aerospace Lyceum. In Novosibirsk iyo Kiev leeyihiin wadada Kondratyuk. In dambaysta ah, mid ka mid ah guryaha la rakibay huurada a xusuus. In Ukraine, waqtiga ayaa sidoo kale waxaa la aasaasay billadaha. Yu. V. Kondratyuka. In 1997, oo magiciisa la siiyey tehuniversitetu Poltava. Currently, waa Institute Technical Qaranka. Yu. V. Kondratyuka. In 1970, oo magiciisuna waa mid ka mid ah craters dhinaca dambe ee Moon la magacaabay. In caasimadda ah ee Russia - Moscow - joogo Str. Kondratyuk, taas oo ah qayb ka mid ah gudaha-goobood oo adag ka go'an in ay shidaal bannaan. Ilaa 1965, jidka this loo yeedhay haadka 2aad Novoostankinsky. In 1997, in muunad Ukraine ee qadaadiic Jubilee ayaa la soo saaray, oo sanadkii 2007 - laba stamps boostada magaca Kondratyuk. Street, ka go'an in ay tiradaasi xasuusta, sidoo kale waa in Rubtsovsk. Halkan waxaa ah mid ka mid ah shirkadaha ugu da'da weyn ee processing iyo kaydinta alaabta hadhuudh. Kamen-na-Obi - meel magaalada ahayd la dhisay by caanka ah "Mastodon", - waxaa jira waddo Kondratyuk. On xeebta dhisay taallo lagu sharfayo naqshadeeye. In 2012, June 21, search engine "Google" logo ku riday ilaa sharaf of Kondratyuk. In 2014, October 18, tiradaasi cilmiyeed fiican iyo naqshadeeye la ansixiyay in Alamogordo in gallery ah warkiisii caalamiga ah. In Orel, ee Degmada Bolhovskom, dalka reer xusuus u dhow tuulada taagay calaamad xusuus Krivtsovo Kondratyuk, kuwaas oo la sheegay in halkan ku dhintay intii lagu guda jiray dagaalo lagu hoobtay oo dagaalkii labaad ee dunida.

gunaanad

In kasta oo ay la soo dhaafay si caddaalad ah anti-Soviet, Yuri Kondratyuk kaalin weyn horumarinta Cosmonautics Ruush, injineernimada, dhismaha iyo tiro ka mid ah qaybaha kale ee muhiimka ah ee dalka. kulubtiisa ayaa codsiyada si weyn loo taaban karo ma aha oo kaliya in Russia laakiin sidoo kale dibadda. Nasiib darro, ma jiraan fursado sida for xaqiijinta iman kara hal abuur iyo sayniska ee sannadaha pre-dagaal. Si kastaba ha ahaatee Kondratyuk u suurtagashay in ay la abuuro badan oo mashaariic in ay saameyn ah in taariikhda dalka. Waxaa la kala duwanaayeen ah noole maanka, tamarta weyn, dabeecad halis ah in ay wax kasta oo uu sameeyey. Of muhiimadda gaarka ah ee dib u soo celinta ee xasuusta wuxuu ahaa shuqulka Romanenko. Inta badan waxaa isagii u mahad ogaaday xaqiiqooyin badan oo taariikh nololeedkooda Kondratyuk. Romanenko daabacay buug ka go'an in ay noloshii iyo shaqadii uu jaalle caan iyo walaalkiis-askari. Haddii aan waayo uu dhintay dagaalka ku of War Great Patriotic, waxay u badan tahay dunida oo dhan baran lahaa ku saabsan ikhtiraac cusub iyo guulaha Yuriya Vasilevicha Kondratyuka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah horumarka iyo waxa loo isticmaalaa la joogo.