cell Warshad waa qaybta hoose ee u shaqeeyo nolol - dhirta. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay qaybaha in ay yihiin caadi ah in dhammaan noolaha eukaryotic: xuduntii, cytoplasm, qalab Golgi, mitochondria, reticulum endoplasmic, ribosomes, lysosomes, microtubules. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay gacanta warshad uu leeyahay farqi - waa joogitaanka plastids, vacuole iyo derbiga cellulose ah.
Waxay isu keentaa oo dhan organelles u dhexeeya isaga qudhiisa iyo ka qayb-shiid ah ee ka mid ah qaybta hoose (cell) ee ku nool semi gaar ah - cytoplasm ah. cytoplasm halkii adag qaab-dhismeedka. Waa xal multicomponent Kolloidol oo ugu wareegi karaan ka Sol si tusaaJe. cell oo dhan way suran filaments protein uu ka samaysan yahay unit dhismaha ee cytoskeleton. Waxay ka kooban tahay biyo, kaas oo keena 60 ilaa 90% ah oo miisaankeedu yahay wadarta borotiinada (10-20%) iyo subaga (ilaa 23%), iyo sidoo kale walxaha organic iyo imanba. Doorka cytoplasm waxay geli doonaan nolosha unugyada ee waa mid aad u weyn,
- waa dhexdhexaad, taas oo falgalka kiimikada,
- Waxa uu si firfircoon uga qayb-shiid ah,
- Waxa uu xusay in turgor iyo thermoregulation;
- qabata shaqo gargaara, waxay ka caawisaa ilaaliyaan qaabka cell.
Saameynta unugyada dhexdhexaad semi-adag leeyihiin iyo arrimo dibadeed - heerkulka, iftiinka, oo sideeda oo hawada, oo biyo ah. Waxaas oo dhan si toos ah u saameeyaa dhaqdhaqaaqa cytoplasm ah, halkaas oo ay had iyo jeer waa in. By dhaqaaqin xalka Kolloidol nafaqooyin (oxygen, ATP iwm) unit hoose ee jidhka ku nool jira. hawlaha muhiimka ah ee unugyada qaadeen hannaanka geeddi-jir. Power nool jirka unit dhismaha dhacdaa inta lagu jiro reactions lagmamaarmaanna, taasoo keentay in walxaha imanba waxaa loo beddelaa organic. Neefsashada unugyada dhirta oxygen, sameeyay intii lagu qayilo ee walxaha qalafsan - carbohydrates, subaga, acids amino. Isla inta lagu guda jiro Neefta dhacdaa ereygu iyo sii daayo tamarta loo baahan yahay in la joogteeyo nolosha. cell Warshad kordhayaan iskala derbiga cellulosic iyo korodhka mugga ah cytoplasm iyo vacuoles.
Si wada jir ah, oo dhan oo ka mid ah geeddi socodka muhiim ah ay ku lug-shiid ah, nuxurka ugu weyn ee kaas - formation of alaabta cusub, oo ay kala daatay galay qaybaha yar, ka saarida waxyaabaha suuska unugyada ama shubo qaab walxaha reserve. Go'doon cutubyo aan loo baahnayn waxay dhacdaa iyada oo derbiga unug, halka dhaqaaqin, lacag (formation) oo ka mid ah dhismayaasha cusub ee la sameeyaa by dhaqdhaqaaqa cytoplasm ah.
iyaga waan tarmin doonaa qeybi feature ugu muhiimsan waa awooda unugyada. Natiijada habkan - formation of laba cutub dhismaha xiriir la jirka ku nool, kuwaas oo ay ku set oo ah koromosoomyada, isku waalidka.
Sidaas darteed, unugyada dhirta uu yahay hay'adda ugu yar dhismeedka nool, WFP waxay quudisaa, neefsado, ay jawaab u tahay ku meersan, sii kordhaya, faafin, iyo cytoplasm iyo organelles Hawiyaha ku sugan ay ku lug-shiid.