Chemistry Organic iyo fizkolloidnaya: description, ujeedooyinka iyo qaababka

Fizkolloidnaya chemistry - saynis ah in daraasad ah guryaha jireed iyo kiimikada ee ifafaale dusha kala eryi doonaa nidaamka.

qeexo

Fizkolloidnaya chemistry la xidhiidha nidaamyada kala firdhiyey. iyaga Under waxaa la qaatay in ay ka dhigan tahay xaalad, taas oo ka mid ah ama ka badan walxaha yihiin kala firdhiyey (burbursan) Dawladdu miisaan wax labaad. Wajiga waa in loo gudbiyaa sida wajiga Ahaysiinay kala firdhiyey. dhexdhexaad firidhsan waxaa lagu magacaabaa jawi taas oo ah qaab ah burbursan yahay wajiga discontinuous.

Adsorption oo dusha ifafaale

Fizkolloidnaya chemistry ka fiirsaneysa ifafaale dusha ka dhaca interface ee hababka kala firdhiyey.

iyaga ka mid ah waxaan la soco:

• qoynta,
• baxaan xiisadda;
• adsorption.

Chemical lafaguraa Fizkolloidnaya geedi socodka farsamo muhiim ah oo ku saabsan wasakhda iyo sifeynta hawada, kobcinta ee macdanta, alxanka biraha, coloration meelaha kala duwan, sifaynta, nadiifinta meelaha.

xiisadda dusha

chemistry Organic iyo sharax fizkolloidnaya ifafaale ka dhaca interface ka. Waxaan u falanqeeyaan nidaam oo ka kooban gaaska iyo dareere. Per Britain, taas oo gudaha nidaamka, ciidamada jiidashada dhaqmaan on qayb ka mid ah kuugu dhow ee u taagoo. Per Britain, oo ku yaalla dushiisa, sidoo kale saamayn xoog, laakiinse kama magdhow.

Sababtu waxa weeye in gobolka gaseous ee masaafada u dhexeysa taagoo waa ciidan ku filan oo waaweyn waa ku dhawaad yar. Cadaadiska gudaha ee isku dayaya in la adkeeyo si qoto dheer ee u taagoo dareere, taasoo keentay in riixo ah.

In la abuuro interface a dusha cusub, tusaale ahaan, in iskala filimka, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si ay u qabtaan shaqada ka dhanka ah cadaadiska gudaha. Inta u dhaxaysa tamarta bixisay iyo cadaadiska gudaha ee xidhiidh toos ah ka jira. tamarta waxaa ku urursan taagoo ku yaal dushiisa, tamarta dusha lacag la'aan ah waxaa loo arkaa.

Fundamentals of thermodynamics

The chemistry weyn ee hawlaha fizkolloidnoy ka mid ah xisaabinta oo ka mid ah isla'egyada thermodynamic. Iyada oo ku xidhan falcelinta ee su'aasha, waxaan go'aan ka gaari kara suuragalnimada in ay dhacdo lama filaan ah.

Sababo la xiriira xasillooni thermodynamic ee geedi socodka nidaamka socodka kuwaas oo la xidhiidha wayneeyo ee qayb ka ah, oo ay la socdaan hoos u dhac ku interface ka.

Sababaha isbeddelka ee gobolka thermodynamic

Waa maxay arrimaha saamaynta xiisadda dusha sare?

First of dhan waxaa muhiim ah in la muujiyo dabeecadda oo ah walaxda. xiisadda dusha waa si toos ah ee la xiriira in sifooyinka wajiga waxaysidoo. By kordhaya polarity ee walaxda dhacdaa kordhinta ciidamada xiisad.

Dawladdu waxay of interface wuxuu saameynayaa wajiga iyo heerkulka. In case of koror ah hoos u dhac ku maalkii ciidammada simaha dhexeeya Qurub shaqsi.

fiirsashada ee maadooyinka kala diri ee dareere imtixaanka, sidoo kale saamayn gobolka nidaam thermodynamic.

Waxaa jira laba nooc oo ah walxaha. TID (wax dusha-firfircoonayn) loo kordhiyo baaxadda xiisadda xalka la dareeraha ugu fiican marka loo eego. qalab noocan oo kale ah waa electrolytes xoog leh. Surfactants (dusha wakiilada firfircoon) yareeyo baaxadda xiisad at interface ee xalka keentay. By sii kordhaya, kuwaas oo walxaha in xal lagu arkay, iyagoo fiirsashada ee lakabka dusha sare ee xalka ah. xeryahooda organic Polar yihiin acids, alcohols. Waxay ka kooban yihiin kooxaha kala horjeeda (amino, carboxyl, hydroxo) iyo silsilad hydrocarbon nonpolar.

Features sorption

Fizkolloidnaya chemistry (ACT) waxaa ka mid ah qaybta la xidhiidha geedi socodka sorption ah. Adsorption - geeddi-socodka ah ee isbeddel lama filaan ah ee lakabka dusha of fiirsashada walax si ixtiraam leh in ay lacagta ee mugga wajiga.

adsorbent waa walax oo waxaa lagu fuliyaa dushiisa of roobab ah. Adsorbate - walax awood dhigaalka. Adsorbate - aloosnayd wax. Desorption - geedi dambe ee adsorption.

noocyada sorption

Macallimow fizkolloidnoy Chemistry ka hadlayaa laba nooc oo adsorption. In the case of dhigaalka uumiga jirka waa qoondeynta ah qadar yar ee tamarta kaas oo u dhigma kulaylka ee uumiga. Tani waxa karo. adsorption Tani waxay hoos u kordhay heerkulka kordhisaa xawaaraha geedi socodka dambe (desorption).

adsorption kiimikada waa muuqashadii karin, lagana rujiyey tago ma adsorbate iyo xarunta dusha a. In kulaylka chemisorption waa heer sare ah, waa dhigma xajmiga enthalpy caadiga ah ee formation. Iyada oo heerkulka sii kordhaya kordhiyaa index chemisorption kordhiyaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya walxaha.

Tusaale ahaan aan soo magacawnay adsorption ee chemisorption oxygen ee dusha biraha ka hawada ah, fiiriyo fizkolloidnaya chemistry. Hawlaha iyo xalalka waxaa inta badan la xidhiidha go'aanka qiimaha xiisad dhaca interface u dhexeeya labada warbaahinta.

Si aad u tiro tilmaami adsorption u fahmayaan, u isticmaalaan adsorption buuxda. Waxay muujinaysaa cadadka adsorbate ah (in mol) halkii deegaanka unit adsorbent qaaday. In fizkolloidnoy qorshaha Chemistry ka mid ah go'aanka taranta ee qiimaha this.

Astaamaha u gaarka ah adsorbents

Jirka iyo Colloid Chemistry bixisaa in falanqaynta ee noocyada adsorbents iyo codsiga ay wax ku ool ah fiiro gaar ah. Iyadoo ku xiran baaxadda dusha adsorbent ah, waxaana suurto gal xaddi kala duwan ee walxaha adsorbed. The adsorbents ugu wax soo saar ka heli walxaha isagoo dusha horumariyo: colloids, budo, reagents furan.

Sida sifooyinka aasaasiga ah taranta of adsorbents qarsan bedka gaar ah iyo porosity. Qiimaha ugu horeysay waxay muujinaysaa saamiga ah oo miisaankiisu dusha adsorbent ah. Dabeecada labaad- ka qabanayaa dabeecadaha qaab-dhismeedkooda.

In kimistari Colloid kala saaro laba nooc oo adsorbents. walax Non-furan abuuray by Qurub adag sameynta qaab dhismeedka "diaphragm budada" iska furan la xirxirida cufan. Sida dura dheer u dhaxeeya dhaqmaan dhexeeya badar oo ah walaxda. Dhismaha waxaa laga yaabaa in qaab-dhismeedka la siinayo ama macroporous. adsorbents furan yihiin dhismayaasha in ka kooban yihiin badar isagoo porosity gudaha.

In kimistari jirka diiradda saarayaa kala soocista ee nidaamka aan dhab ahayn. Waxay yihiin darey budada in loo sameeyay ka soo miraha ama budo in oo kalena ay xirxirida cufan ee tuubada. The nidaamka keentay leeyihiin sifooyinka thermodynamic qaarkood, daraasadda of taas oo ah shayga ugu muhiimsan ee kimistari fizkolloidnoy.

unit nidaamka jira (iyada oo la tixgelinayo nooca adsorptive ah) on Madbacada qaranka, kelli, adsorption Kolloidol. habka kelli la xidhiidha xal of electrolytes daciif ah ama dielectrics. Waxay dhacdaa adsorption of solutes dushiisa of adsorbent adag.

Qayb ka mid ah goobaha firfircoon dushiisa adsorbent degan taagoo dareeraha ah. Iyada oo marinka ee habka dhigaalka iyo adsorptive u taagoo dareeraha dhaqmaan tartamaya.

gunaanad

Jirka iyo Colloid Chemistry jira meelo muhiim ah oo ka chemistry. Waxay kuu sharxi habka aasaasiga ah ee ka dhaca xal u ogolaan xisaabaha tiro kulaylka timaada (nuugo) in formation of walxaha cusub. sharciga aasaasiga ah loo isticmaalo si ay u fuliyaan xisaabaha taranta, waa sharciga ku saabsan Hess. Waxaa isku xira sifooyinka thermodynamic dhowr walxaha jireenka ah: enthalpy, entropy, tamarta. Geedi socodka thermodynamic of formation of xeryahooda adag ka fudud qaybood (hore) la oran karo waa sharci Hess. Xisaabaha ayaa suuragelineysa si loo ogaado tayada shaqo ee geedi socodka.