Unugyada dareenka iyo qaab-dhismeedka

unugyada dareenka in ay sameeyaan unugyada neerfaha, waxaa ka mid ah laba nooc: neurocytes (neurons), iyo unugyada glial (unugyada glial). Neurons gartay cuncun, guud ahaan ka iman kara talaabada la sameeynayo iyo gudbinta falalkooda dareemayaasha xidhiidh la kasta unugyada kale oo glia bixiyaan shuruudaha neurons shaqeeya fiicnayn, i.e. iyaga ka jaraan, si loo ilaaliyo iyo in is-dhaafsiga ee dhex dhexaadinta iyo koritaanka neurocytes factor qoondaynta ka qeyb qaataan.

Sida laga soo xigtay maanta, madaxa maskaxda aadanaha ka kooban yahay 25 bilyan. Neurons, saddex meelood laba ka mid ah waxa ku yaalla kiliyaha, iyo tirada unugyada glial wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 10 jeer ka.

neuron

unugyada dareenka ku jira neurons, kuwaas oo ah cunsurka ugu weyn ee dhismaha iyo hawlaha gaarka ah ee habka dareemayaasha jirka. Neuron - size a cell Geeddi-socodka ah ee 4-130 microns, oo ka kooban jidhka iyo appendages, kuwaas oo ka mid ah laba nooc oo ah: ka axon iyo dendrites. Scion of a dareemayaasha cell - axon - haddii kale loo yaqaan neurites. dhererka geedi socodka waa 1.5 m. Axon in gacanta, mid ka mid ah oo kaliya, dheer, wax yar ka branching, dusheedana ka jirka cell waa garaaca wadnaha ah. Dendrites yihiin inta badan badan, heer sare ah jahaysteen, gaaban. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si ay u garaaca wadnaha ah waxaa laga codsadaa in jidhka ee neuron ah. Neurons kala fogaansho firfircoon soo jireenka ah, waxay sameeyaan falalkooda dareemayaasha oo kaliya in hal jiho - ka dendrite in axon. In uu yahay, neuron ee ay qaab-dhismeedka ekaan masaf. jirka unugyada inta badan waa shaqo ee trophism ee la xiriirta habka. qaabka Body waxaa laga yaabaa kala duwan - ka pyramidal in fekrado.

noocyada kala duwan ee neurons

unugyada dareenka ee tirada hababka kala qaybsan yihiin dhowr nooc oo asaasi ah.

• unipolar - isagoo habka keli ah, oo kaliya axon ah. Unugyada waa ay jiraan oo kaliya in uurjiifka sida tallaabo dhexe ee horumarinta neurocytes;
• Cirifoodka - oo ay ku jiraan axon iyo dendrite. unugyada dareenka Kuwani qofku qabo in ileyska iyo dhegta gudaha,
• multipolar - hantidaan 2 ama in ka badan geedi socodka, ee axon iyo dendrites. Waa nooca ugu badan ee neuron ee jirka, waxay labadaba qaybaha dhexe ee habka dareemayaasha jirka iyo durugsan yihiin;
• unugyada psevdounipolyarnye - ka baxsan nidaamka guud oo keli ah, oo ay ku jiraan axon iyo dendrite, iyo ka dib waxaa lagu kala qaybiyey laba unugyada gaar ah ee jirka. Kuwani neurons-cirifoodka ku yaalaan noodes oo ka mid ah cranial iyo laf-dhabarka.

Dhismaha unugyada neerfaha ah

Neurilemma cover cell, kaas oo lagu daro caqabad ku, iyo is-dhaafsiga ee shaqo receptor, qabata shaqo gaar ah Suu dareemaha.

unugyada dareenka leeyihiin cytoplasm, oo ay ku jiraan organelles guud (mitochondria, reticulum endoplasmic, xarunta cell, qalab Golgi, lysosomes) iyo ujeedooyin gaar ah organelle, wax-u neurofibrils. cell dareemayaasha dhalaalaya xuduntii, wareega, ka kooban yahay hal ama laba nucleoli.

noocyada Cell siday u kala ujeeddo

Iyadoo la tixraacayo caga unugyada dareenka functional waxaa loo kala saaraa galay dareen, motor iyo intercalary.

neurons Dareenka - unugyadan, jidhka oo ku yaalla ganglia ee habka durugsan. Dendrites unugyadan Joojinta xasaasi ah dhamaadka, iyo axon halka lagu hanuuniyey ee stem maskaxda ama laf-dhabarta.

unugyada dareenka Intercalary ka mas'uul ah gudbinta excitation neuron.

Motor ama secretory unugyada waxaa loo yaqaan ku xiran qaab dhismeedka (fiber murqaha ama bir) halkaas oo ay axon dhamaado.

Sidoo kale waxaa jira taageero unugyada dareenka, ee loo yaqaan unugyada glial in dahaar neurons midba midka kale ka.

Ependimotsity la mid ah epithelial unugyada lasoo ee saabka oo maskaxda iyo laf-dhabarta. Shaqadooda - taageeridda iyo xadaynta.

Astrocytes yihiin unugyada star-qaabeeya yar mnogootrostchatymi. By la dhiso nidaamka astrocytes waa protoplasmic iyo buunshada ku.

Dunta dareemayaasha waxaa lagu soo sameeyey habka of unugyada dareenka iyo lemmotsitov. Ka baxsan fiber dareemayaasha waxaa dahaarka leh kula galkeeda khafiif ah oo unugyo buunshada dabacsan, oo la yidhaahdo lamina ee asalka.