Biography of Hodorkovskogo Mihaila Borisovicha

Biography walwalsan of Hodorkovskogo Mihaila Borisovicha waa tusaale aan la saadaalin Karin nolosha, Oo waxaa ka buuxa highs iyo hooseyso, guusha awaaley iyo dhimasho fashilaad. Maanta, magaca Khodorkovsky ee ku hareereysan mass ah ee xanta ah, khuraafaadka iyo duni, iyo sidoo kale waxaad fartaan Wannaagga ciqaabtooda?

Childhood Family iyo

Khodorkovsky (Biography, waalidiinta, kuwaas oo nolosha hore ahaa kuwa ugu badan) waxa uu ku dhashay June 26, 1963 Moscow, in qoyska ka mid ah injineerada geedka "booskan". Aabbihiis muddo dheer u adeegay sidii sare injineer, hooyaday ahaa injineer caadi ah. qoyska ma aysan ku maal badan, aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa a kid wadada hore, waa kan Yuhuudda, wuxuu ka soo shaqeeyay niyad fiican nolosha oo dhan. Hooyo awowayaashiin noblemen, laakiin waxa aan ahaa maadada laga wada hadlay in Golaha. Biography Khodorkovsky, kuwaas oo qoyska iska lahaa wakiilo intelligentsia farsamo ee dareenka ugu fiican ee erayga, wuxuu bilaabay inuu aad u caadiga ah ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. Afartii sano ee ugu horeysay ee uu nolosha Michael ayaa ku noolaa guri la wadaago, ka dibna qoyska u dhaqaaqay kala.

Michael tan iyo yaraantaadii khilaafeen aad u culus, taasoo ahayd kindergarten naaneeso "Agaasimaha", dugsiga waxa ka dambeeya istawooday dalku naaneesta "theoretician". Waxa uu ahaa arday fiican, muujiyeen awoodda weyn ee xisaabta iyo kimisteriga. Wuxuu bartay dugsi gaar ah, wuxuu bartay chemistry guriga waalidkood si ay u xalliyaan xujooyinka ku saabsan mowduuca iyo sidaan u sameeyey tijaabo kala duwan. Waxaa intaas dheer in waxbarashada uu, Michael ayaa sidoo kale ku lug leh karatee iyo Sambo, wax badan oo ka mid ah akhriska.

sano oo waxbarasho

Mikhail Khodorkovsky, kuwaas oo Biography ka carruurnimada waxa uu la xidhiidhaa chemistry, 1980 wuxuu galay Institute of Technology Chemical iyaga. Mendeleev. Waxa aan ahaa daraasadda jaamacadda ugu cajiib ah nin dhallinyaro waxaa hibo ma adkeyd. In isku midka ah, ayuu ku hawlan shaqada bulshada, si firfircoon uga qayb nolosha ka mid ah shuuciga Young ku League, hogaaminayo kooxaha dhismaha. Waxa uu ahaa kuwaas oo laga helay shaqo ee Siberia, wuxuu qabtay oo kaxeeyey oo dhan wada xaajoodka la agaasimayaasha shirkadaha, iyo xagaaga, ardayda kasbadeen lacag aad u badan. Uu unit sannaddiisii afraad ayaa ugu fiican ee beergooyska. In 1985, Khodorkovsky qalin jebin dugsiga sare sharaf iyo awoodo in ay doortaan meel qaybinta. Waxa uu doonayay inuu ka shaqeeyo shirkad gaar loo leeyahay ee Siberia iyo in ay dhigtaan dugsiga ka qalin, laakiin waxa ma aysan shaqeynin. Waxaa jira dhowr aragtiyood oo sida in sababta qorshaha aan la ogaaday. Waxay sheegeen in ay dhalasho hortagi diiwaan geliyay baasaboor aabbihiis of Michael, version kale sheegay in doorasho ka qalin saamayn waxqabadka Raktarka, kuwaas oo ka hadlay Hadal Xunna Mara ee raacdada ah ee sayniska ee marxaladda la joogo.

Later, Michael dib ee Institute of Dhaqaalaha Qaranka magacaabay ka dib markii Plekhanov on maalgeliyaha tegey (qalin 1988).

The dakhliga ugu horeysay

Shaqada Taariikhda Hodorkovskogo Mihaila Borisovicha bilaabay in carruurnimada. Marka u joogo dugsiga, uu nadiifinta jidadka, gooyaa kibista ee xasho ah, kaaliyaha nijaar ah - sidaa darteed wiilka aysan awoodin in ay helaan lacag jeebka iyo reagents waayo tijaabo kiimikada. Iyadoo waxbarashada machadka, si joogto ah waqti dhiman oo uu ka shaqeeyay sidii nijaar in iskaashi dhismaha "Etalon". Mar walba waxa uu lahaa rabitaan in ay lacag sameeyaan, oo wuxuu helay hab loo sameeyo.

La shaqee dhalinyarada

Ka dib markii Biography qalin Khodorkovsky, kuwaas oo dhalasho waxaa ku qoran ah aabaha 'Yuhuudi', waxaa jiray wax yar sida uu doonayo, waayo, isagu ma uu karin inuu galaan hay'adaha gaarka loo leeyahay oo ku lug leh horumar difaaca. Sidaa darteed, Michael shaqeeyay si kooban u sii daayay xoghayaha xigeenka oo ka mid ah Komsomol jaamacadda, ka dibna noqday ku xigeenka xoghayaha Guddiga degmada ee Komsomol ah. Wakhtigan, bilaabmaa ruxruxo ah iyo ganacsi oo dhan, oo ay ku jiraan hay'adaha aan dawliga ahayn, waxay la siiyey xorriyad dhaqaalaha yar. Tani iyo ka faa'ideystay Khodorkovsky, wada jir ah ula Platon Lebedev iyo Sergeem Monahovym. Waxay abuurtaa a Initiative Fund Youth, kaas oo u ogolaanaya in ay ka macaashaan hawlaha dhallinyarada. Later, oo ku salaysan fund this Center for koray Sayniska iyo Farsamada-abuurka Dhalinyarada. Dhismaha xarunta waxaa loo Yeedhiyaa ruuxa waqtiga, Khodorkovsky Diplomasiyiinta dhegaystay dhacdooyinka ku xeeran iyo dareemi karaa faa'iidada la filayaa in inkii this. dhibic ma ahayn si ay u taageeraan mashaariicda dhalinyarada, iyo in xarumaha ka mid ah ayaa loo ogol yahay inay is-galaan hawlaha ganacsiga. Iyo Michael ayaa sameeyay duufaan weyn oo waxqabad: abaabulan ee soo dejinta iyo iibinta kombiyuutarada, iibka khamriga, abuuray aqoon iswaydaarsi ah wax soo saarka ee jiinis "la kariyey". Waxaas oo dhan ayaa keenay macaash badan. Laakiin Khodorkovsky oo kaliya in la kordhiyo baaxadda, wuxuu u suurtagashay in ay la abuuro nidaam ah inay lacago kaash lacag si ay hay'adaha kale ee aan xambaaran karin dadkii lacagaha. Wakhtigan uu lacagtii weyn ugu horeysay kasbadeen. Waxa uu noqday "hindisa" ee hindisooyin badan dhaqaale, kuwaasi oo ay ka dib isticmaali raacsan tiro badan.

Waqtigaas, Khodorkovsky keensataa waaweyn, links waxtar leh si ay uga caawiso isaga u hesho in ay heerka ku xiga.

Menatep

In 1989, Khodorkovsky iyo saaxiibo uu abuuraa bangi ganacsi, ka dibna ururka bangiyada, soo gaabiyo Menatep. Waxa uu u taagan at madaxa shirkada, Nevzlin iyo Golubovic waa substituents Oaks shaqadiisu ay bangiyada hoosaad. bangiga uu helo liisanka dawlad ka mid ah marka hore ee dalka oo uu bilaabo inuu iibiyo lacagta, ka dibna soo saarta saamiyada u gaar ah, kuwaas oo si firfircoon u xayeysiiyaa on TV. saamileyda The dulqadan u saami weyn u ballanqaaday. Bank waxay bixisaa adeegyada hay'adaha dowladda ee waaweyn oo badan, la abuuro faa'iido weyn.

Inta lagu guda jiro gaarka ah ee Menatep ayaa waxay si firfircoon ugu lug iibsashada hanti ah ee dalka. Iyada oo ku salaysayn khalkhalgelinta of Xaraashyada rahaamadda bangiga noqdo milkiilaha 90% share of shirkadda labaad ee ugu weyn saliidda ee dalka - Yukos. Laga soo bilaabo in Khodorkovsky dheer xiiso u noqon banker ah, ayuu hoobto galay warshadaha cusub naftooda.

Yukos

Biography Khodorkovsky dhigaysa maroojin cusub, isagu waa jeclaan of ganacsi kale. Oil fureysaa fursado wayn loogu talagalay hirgelinta mashaariic kala duwan. Laakiin ka hor inta uusan noqon karto ku wareegsan, sida dilaaca ee dhibaatada ee 1998 sano, taas oo hoos u xasiloonida ee bangiga Khodorkovsky iyo "kaalinta beeray" on Yukos, kuwaas ma doonayaan in ay bixiso saamiga a. Mikhail Borisovich si deg deg ah isaga qudhiisa ku qabtay, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay waafajiyaan ay ganacsi, inkastoo bangiga lahaa in la tagay. Ka dib markii default ah, wuxuu ku hawllan yahay oo ildheer wax soo saarka saliida iyo dhoofinta, dib u habayn shirkadda, waxay kordhisaa hufnaan ah ee dakhliyada iyo kharashyada in kalsoonida Maal celinta. By 2003, saamiyada Yukos ayaa labanlaabmay qiimaha. Shirkadda ayaa sidoo kale codsaneyso hababka kala duwan ee "ayna canshuurta" si loo hagaajiyo faa'iidada. In 2003, Forbes lagu qiyaasay gobolka Khodorkovsky ee 8 billion dollars, u yeedhay sanadka ugu taajirsan dalka Ruushka.

Khodorkovsky laba jeer oo isku dayaysa in ay u abuuraan hal YUKSI olole (oo ay la socdaan "Sibneft" Abramovich). ilaa uu u maleeyay nidaamka ah in uu oggolaanin inuu u caymiyaan ganacsigaaga iyo noqdo ninka ugu qanisan dunida, laakiin waxa ay booliisku soo dhexgalay, oo baabbi'iyeen rajo.

siyaasadda

Biography Khodorkovsky ayaa had iyo jeer lala ma aha oo kaliya in ay shaqooyin, laakiin sidoo kale la gudbikaraa oo dadweynaha iyo siyaasadda. In 1990-91 isaga iyo Nevzlin jira la taliyayaal ah Silaeva Ra'iisul Wasaaraha, kaas oo ogaa kasta oo kale tan iyo xarunta of abuurka cilmiyeed iyo farsamo ee dhalinyarada. In 1993, Michael noqday guddoomiyaha Fund Investment si kor loogu qaado TIC ah. In sano ee ku xiga, isagu waa xubin ka mid ah guddiyada iyo golayaasha heerarka kala duwan, ilaa dawladda badan. Tan iyo 1999, inta badan caasimada bixisay in abuuritaanka muuqaalka iyo ololaynaya dowladda. Khodorkovsky sidoo kale ku lug samafal shaqada - ay taageereen dugsiyada hoyga agoonta. Waxa uu maal ololaha doorashada ee xisbiga shuuciga iyo xisbiga "Yabloko" ee degmooyinka, halkaas oo kayd shidaal waaweyn ku yaalaan. Sannadkii 2003, waxaa maal galiyay doorashada kaliya afar kulan.

In 2002, Khodorkovsky abuuraa fund ah "Open Russia", kuwaas oo guddiga ka mid ah agaasimayaasha ka mid ah J. Rothschild iyo Henry Kissinger. By 2004, dalka in ka badan 50 laamood oo ka mid ah ururka, kaas oo ku hawlan casriyeynta waxbarashada, sameeyay Internet gobollada fogfog, dadka dhalinyarada ah ka shaqeeya. Khodorkovsky Foundation caawiyay In dadka aad ganacsiga iyo aragti.

Xeer oo sano oo xadhig ah

In 2003, Biography Khodorkovsky ayaa ka dhigaysa jeedo af badan. Bishii Febraayo, ayuu la soo gudboonaado Putin on arrinta of sharcinimada iibinta "Rosneft", waxa uu ahaa caws engegan oo kale la soo dhaafay in koobka samir buuxdhaafay maamulka. Dawladda ayaa muddo dheer su'aalo badan oo in hawlaha Yukos, uu waaniyey "ayna canshuurta" iyo kiis dambi furay ka dhanka ah Lebedev, marka hore, ka dibna ka dhanka ah Khodorkovsky. Ma uusan dooneynin inuu ka tago dalka, inkastoo dhammaan digniinaha saaxiibada iyo sii joogay si ay u taageeraan Lebedev ayaa la xiray, laakiin October 25, 2003 lagu qabtay on habka ay u Irkutsk.

In 2005, maxkamadda xukuntay Khodorkovsky iyo Lebedev helay 8 sano, laakiinse iyagu ma ay qirtay oo shaaca ka on lug siyaasadeed ee maxkamadda. Sida ay ku socdeen baaritaanka iyo maxkamadda, socota olole PR warbaahinta, kaas oo lagu eedeeyay in Khodorkovsky ee isku day afgambi oligarchic dalka. In West iyo wareegyada mucaaradka, ayaa dhanka kale, sheegay in kiiska uu leeyahay asalka siyaasadeed. ECtHR The helay eedaysanaha "maxaabiista damiirka", inkasta oo aan la xaqiijiyay jiritaanka muuqata in ay dhacdo qayb siyaasadeed. hantida Yukos waxaa la wareegay in ixtiraam daymaha, laakiin ku guuldareystay inuu soo qabto hantida shisheeye.

In 2006 kiis cusub oo la xaday oo saliid ah, kaas oo Khodorkovsky ayaa lagu xukumay 14 sano, oo uu lahaa in ay u adeegaan ee ay u furay gobolka Chita ah.

Gebogebadii Khodorkovsky sii waday in ay u dagaalamaan xuquuqdooda, ayaa wuxuu daabacay dhowr articles iyo statements in saxaafadda reer galbeedka, afar jeer cuntojoojin ah, oo uu ku ma ahan oo keliya u diray inay xabsiga jebiso sharciga xabsiga. Wakhtigan, dadweynaha aan tagay isku daygeeda ay ku difaacaan Khodorkovsky - saamiyada qabtay, ku qor warqado, articles.

sii daayo

Biography Khodorkovsky, qoyska iyo caruurta oo u noqday sababta ugu weyn ee search of xoreynta, beddeleen markii uu ugu dambeyntii soo gudbiyay codsi ah turid la'aan. In 2013, Putin ayaa sheegay in shir jaraa'id oo uu sheegay in Khodorkovsky laga yaabaa iga cafiyo, haddii uu si codsiyada. Codsiga, dhaqan, gelitaanka ah ee xadgudubka, laakiin tan iyo Michael waa hooyo aad u xanuunsan, ayuu u tegey waxaa loogu talagalay. Oo December 20, 2013 uu la sii daayay, qareennada haddiiba abaabulan booqo Khodorkovsky ee Berlin.

nolosha ka baxsan

Biography Khodorkovsky mar kale ka dhigaysa jeedin ah, 10 sano oo xabsi ah ka dib, wuxuu ku degay Switzerland, heshay ogolaanshiyaha joogitaanka. Marka ugu horaysa waxa ay dhibayso badan oo saxaafadda. Ka dib soo haajirin Mihail ku Hodorkovsky cusub u muuqataa. Biography, xaaskiisa, nolosha gaarka ah hadda, ayuu yiri, waa wax ugu weyn isaga, wuuna noolaan doonaa siyaasadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dhoowrsadaan weedhaha siyaasadda isagu ma awoodo, dhowr bilood kadib, ayuu faallo ku saabsan xaaladda dalka Ruushka, ayaa naqdiyay dawladda ee dalka. Bishii Maarso 2014, Khodorkovsky ayaa sheegay inuu diyaar u yahay inuu noqdo dhexdhexaadiye in khilaafka u dhexeeya Russia iyo Ukraine ee Crimean ah waa. Bishii September 2014 uu "resets" "Open Russia", khubaro waxa ay u arkaan inuu ku laabanayo siyaasad ah Mikhail Borisovich. Khodorkovsky waa khabiir ah afhayeenka noqnoqda ku saabsan xaaladda siyaasadeed ee Russia warbaahinta reer galbeedka, wuxuu ka qayb qaataa dhacdooyinka dadweynaha. Isaga oo hadalka ee iidda ee Paris ee 2014 uu diyaar u yahay inuu noqdo madaxweynaha Russia, iyo in ay sameeyaan wax walba oo ay u abuuraan bulsho sokeeye ee dalka ka jiray, waxaa la arkay sida dhawaaqista kac.

nolosha Personal

guurka ugu horeysay Khodorkovsky ayaa soo gabagabeeyey in wakhtigii uu ardayga. naagtiisa First Elena ee 1985 u dhashay wiil, Michael Paul. In 1991, Khodorkovsky guursan doono mar labaad. Xaaskiisa labaad Inna waxay isagii u dhashay saddex carruur ah, gabadh iyo laba wiil oo mataano-. In 2009, Michael noqdo awoowe ah. Its mudnaanta hadda ka dib markii la sii daayo Mikhail Khodorkovsky si loo qoondeeyey: qoyska, xaaskiisa, carruurta. Photo of qoyska oo dhan waa ku dhowaad aan macquul ahayn in la helo, sida uu si taxadar leh ka ilaaliya ay u gaarka ah. Laakiin waxaan ka fog kuwa jecel qaatay 10 sano iyo hadda isku dayayaan in ay qabsadaan.

Khodorkovsky, Biography, qoyska, gaarka photo yihiin oo xiiso weyn ee warbaahinta, waana daalo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu si joogto ah siiyaa wareysiyo, wuxuu u muuqdaa mid ku saabsan dhacdooyinka waaweyn ee uu noloshiisa ku dhaco.

Biography Khodorkovsky, xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa oo noqday qayb ka ugu weyn, waa weli in marxalad is dajiyaan. Waxa uu naftiisa, dacwana ganacsi, laakiin marar badan in waraysiga boodaan in uu doonayo inuu beddelo Russia dhistaa. Tani waxay ku siinaysaa sabab masuuliyiinta in ay aaminsan yihiin in weli uu hami siyaasadeed. Tani waa waxa badan oo mucaaradka sharxi muuqaalka kore ee Khodorkovsky ku eedeeyay dil Vladimira Petuhova, duqa magaalada Nefteyugansk, kaas oo loo yaqaan "kiiska saddexaad ee Yukos."

Mikhail Borisovich ayaa sheegay in uusan ka walwalsanaa uu ku dhawaaqay soo socda ayaa waxaa doonaya masuuliyiinta Ruush, uu sii wado inuu faallo ku saabsan dhacdooyinka ee dalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Khodorkovsky, qoyska iyo carruurta ee waxa muhiim ah in aan odhaahdiisa siyaasadeed kadis ah.