Biography iyo shuqullada Solzhenitsyna Aleksandra Isaevicha Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee

Waraysi uu la yeeshay Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn uu qirtay in uu naftiisa u huray in uu ahaa Revolution Ruush ah. In qoraaga uu maanka ku novel ah "The Circle First"? Taariikhda Qaranka xajiya jeedo naxdin leh qarsoodi loo cunaana. Iyaga ha ku marag in qoraaga waxaa loo arkaa in uu waajib. Solzhenitsyn - gacan weyn ka baadhitaanka taariikhda qarnigii XX ah.

CV

Solzhenitsyn Aleksandr Isaevich waxa uu ku dhashay 1918 in Kislovodsk. Waxa uu ku hawlan hawlaha suugaanta dhallinyarada. Ka hor inta dagaalka uu ahaa xiisaynayso kor ku xusan taariikhda dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka oo dhan. mawduuca, qoraa mustaqbalka, mucaaradka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqe bulshada ka go'an inuu shuqulladaadii hore suugaanta.

Jidka Creative iyo gaarka ah ee nolosha Solzhenitsyn. Noqo marag ah, ka qaybgale ka mid ah dhacdooyinka taariikheed muhiim ah - farxad for qoraaga, laakiin musiibo weyn qofka.

dhicin dagaalkii Solzhenitsyn kulmay Moscow. Halkan ayuu by warqadihiisa bartay ee Institute of History, Falsafadda iyo Suugaanta. isaga Behind ahaa University Rostov ah. Ka hor - Sarkaalka School, baaritaan iyo la xiray. In sagaashankii ka soo daahay ee majaladda suugaanta "New World" ayaa lagu daabacay shuqullada Solzhenitsyn, kaas oo uu qoraagu ka muuqataa inuu khibrad ciidan. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa badan.

Sarkaal madaafiic ah, qoraa mustaqbalka ayaa ka Eagle in East Prussia. waxaa ka dib sano dhacdooyinka in muddo alaabta quduuska "degsiimooyinka Zhelyabugskie", "Adliga Shvenkitten". Waxa uu ahaa meelaha aad halkaas oo hore lagu qabtay Army General Samsonov. Dhacdooyinka ee 1914 Solzhenitsyn ka go'an in uu buugga "Wheel Red The."

Captain Ball Solzhenitsyn waxaa la xiray 1945. Waa maxay daba socdeen sannado badan xabsiyada, xeryaha, links. Ka dib markii dhaqan celinta ee 1957, halka macalin dugsi tuulo, oo u dhow Ryazan. qolka Solzhenitsyn kiro ah ka degan degaanka - Matrona Zakharovna, taasi oo markii dambe u noqday noocooda ah ee qof ugu weyn "Matryona" sheekada.

Qoraaga of dhulka hoostiisa ah

In buugiisa, "Oak iyo dibigii" Solzhenitsyn qirtay in ka hor la qabtay, inkasta oo uu sawiray suugaanta, laakiin halkii ay isag. In times of nabadda, in xorriyadda, uu murugoodo by xaqiiqada ah in sheekooyinka si aad u hesho mawduucyada cusub fudud. Maxaa lahaa Solzhenitsyn, haddii uusan beeray?

Mowduucyada waayo, sheekooyinka, novellas iyo tixaha dhashay shixnadaha, in xeryaha, unugyada xabsiga. Aadan awoodin in aad qorto fikirkaaga on warqad, ayuu ka abuuray cutubyada oo dhan tixaha ah "The Gulag Jasiiradaha" iyo "The Circle First" ee maanka, ka dibna iyaga xafiday by wadnaha.

Ka dib markii uu sii daayo, Aleksandr Isaevich sii waday in ay qori. Print shuqulladiisa konton konton u muuqatay riyo ah wax aan macquul aheyn. Laakiin isagu marnaba joojin qoraal, Mu'minaadka ah in uu shaqo aan la tageen in ciyaaraa, sheekooyin iyo tixaha akhriyin farcankiisa.

Si ay u daabacaan uu shuqulladaadii hore oo kaliya ee 1963 wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay Solzhenitsyn. Buugaag, publications sida gaar ah ayaa u muuqday badan ka dib. In dalkiisa daabac laga yaabaa sheekooyinka ee "New World." Laakiin waxay ahayd farxad cajiib ah.

cudurka

Si aad u ogaatid qoraal ah ka dibna ku gubi - hab ka shaqeeya ammaanka ay Solzhenitsyn ka badan hal mar loo isticmaalaa. Laakiinse markay dhakhaatiirta ee Hijrooday ee isaga u sheegay in ay ku nool yihiin lahaa dhowr todobaad, wuu ka cabsaday oo dhan waxa uu abuuray weligiisna ima arki doono akhristaha ee kor ku xusan. Solzhenitsyn lahayn mid ka mid ah si loo badbaadiyo. Friends - xeryaha. Hooyo dhintay. Xaaska maqan isaga furay nin kale guursaday. Solzhenitsyn jeestay qoraaladii, taasoo u suurtagashay in ay qoraan, ka dibna ku rid dhalo qamri ah, dhalada this lagu aasay beertii. Oo haddana waxaan tegey inuu xidshiidha ay u dhintaan ...

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, uu ka badbaaday. In dib u soo kabashada cudurka daran u muuqatay baasaysannay ka kor ku xusan. In guga ee 1954, Solzhenitsyn qoray, "Labor Jamhuuriyadda" - shaqo ugu horeysay, haddii aad la abuuro qoraa kuwaas oo howl ogaan farxad ma marinka ee marinka baabbi'iyo ah, iyo inaad aqrin karto shaqadaada u gaar ah gebi ahaanba.

"The Circle First"

In novel ah suugaanta dhulka hoostiisa ah oo ku saabsan sharashka la qoray. The prototypes oo ka mid ah jilayaasha ugu waaweyn ee novel ah "The Circle First" noqotay qoraaga iyo saaxiibbadiis. Laakiin, inkastoo oo dhan tallaabooyin taxaddar ah, iyo sidoo kale ka go'an tahay in ay u soosaaraan shaqada ee version iftiin, oo waxay lahayd fursad ay ku akhristaan oo kaliya KGB ah. In Russia, novel ah "Circle First The," waxaa la daabacay 1990 sano ah. In West ah - in ay laba iyo labaatan sano ka hor.

"Maalin maalmaha ka mid Ivana Denisovicha"

Camp - dunida gaar ah. Waxa waxba kuma laha mid ka mid ah oo dadka lacag la'aan ah deggan leeyahay. In xerada, mid kasta in ay badbaado u gaar ah oo uu dhinto. In shaqada ugu horaysay la daabacay ee Solzhenitsyn gaysteen oo hal maalin nolosha geesiga. About waaqiciga nolosha xerada qoraaga ogaa. Taasi waa sababta sidaas bandhigay akhristaha xaqiiqo si adag oo run, taas oo la joogo sheekada, oo qoray Solzhenitsyn.

Books qoraaga this noqnoqonayey bulshada caalamka, ugu horrayn sababtoo ah isku halaynta. Solzhenitsyn rumeysan yahay in talanti qora ku baaba'ayso, ka dibna si buuxda u dhinto haddii uu shaqada uu doonaya inay horjoogsadaan runta. Oo sidaas daraaddeed, isagoo wakhti dheer go'doon waadaxa suugaanta iyo aan awoodi waayay in la daabaco natiijooyinka sannado badan oo shuqulkiisii uu, isagu ma aha ee guusha wakiilada xaqiiqo waxa loogu yeero hantiwadaagga masayr ah. Qorayaasha Midowga eryay Tsvetaeva, Akhmatova iyo Pasternak diiday. Bulgakov ma ay qaadan. Adduun tayo iyo haddii ay jiraan kuwo, ka dibna si deg deg ah u dhintay.

taariikhda daabacaadan

Saxiix qoraaladii, diray in editor ee "New World", oo magiciisa Solzhenitsyn kuma uu dhicin. Waxaan rajaynayaa in "Maalin maalmaha ka mid Ivana Denisovicha" fiirin karo iftiinka, ku dhowaad ma ahaa. Long bilood ka daalay ayaa soo maray tan iyo xilligan in mid ka mid ah saaxiibada qoraaga diray go'yaal dhowr ah, ku qoran far yaryar oo ka mid ah shaqaalaha ugu weyn ee guriga daabacaadda suugaanta ee dalka, markii si lama filaan ah u yimid casuumad ka Twardowski.

Qoraaga of "Vasiliya Terkina" iyo tifatiraha waqti-dhiman ah "World Cusub," qoraal gacmeedka ah ee qoraaga aan la garanayn akhri Anna Berzer. Qofka shaqaalaha ah ee guriga soo bandhiga jeediyay Tvardovsky akhri sheekada, oo wuxuu ku yidhi weedha ah in ka noqday go'aan :. "Waxay ku saabsan nolosha xerada, iyada oo indhaha u ridayeen fudud" The Abwaan Soviet weyn, author of the gabayo military-waddani ka soo jeedaa qoys ridayeen fudud yimid. Oo maxaa yeelay, shuqulka taas oo sheekada waa ka wakiil ah "nin caadi ah," waxaa aad u xiiso badan.

"The Gulag Jasiiradaha"

sheeko ku saabsan deggan xeryaha Stalin ee, Solzhenitsyn ka badan toban sano ka abuuray. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee shaqada waxaa la daabacay ee France. In 1969, "Gulag Jasiiradaha The" ahaa dhamaystiran. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si ay u daabacaan shaqada Midowga Soofiyeeti sida ay ahayd oo keliya ma aha adag tahay, laakiin sidoo kale khatar ah. Mid ka mid ah gargaarrada qoraaga, taasoo daabacay mugga ugu horeysay ee shaqada, wuxuu noqday dhibane cadaadis of KGB ah. Sidaas darteed ka mid ah lagu xiray oo su'aalo ah shan maalmood-joojin aan naagta waayeel ah ka gees ah Solzhenitsyn ayuu markhaati. Oo markaas ka go'an ismiidaamin ah.

Ka dib markii dhacdooyinkan, qoraaga lahaa shaki ku jirin ah oo ku saabsan baahida loo qabo in daabacdo "Jasiiradaha" dibadda.

dibada

Solzhenitsyn Aleksandr Isaevich laga saaray Midowga Soofiyeeti dhawr bilood ka dib markii la sii daayo novel ah "Gulag Jasiiradaha The." Qoraaga ayaa lagu eedeeyay khiyaano. The warbaahinta Soviet si weyn loo daboolay dabiiciga ah ee dambiyada la sheegay in ay ka go'an Solzhenitsyn. Gaar ahaan, ka "Jasiiradaha" qoraaga lagu eedeeyay gacan Vlasov intii lagu jiray dagaalka. Laakiin waxba la yidhi ku saabsan content ee kitaabkan lagu soo gabgabeysay.

Ilaa maalmood ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa, Solzhenitsyn ma joojiyo hawlaha suugaanta iyo bulshada. Waraysi uu la yeeshay xilliyeedyada shisheeye, ee ku tiris hore, qoraa Ruush kalsooni ka muujiyay in uu awoodi doonaan in ay guriga ku soo noqdo. Markaasaa waxaa u muuqday haboonayn.

soo laabtay

In 1990, Solzhenitsyn soo laabtay. In Russia, ayuu qoray maqaalo badan oo ku saabsan arrimaha siyaasadda iyo bulshada ee hadda jira. Qayb ka mid muhiim ah kharashka ku qoran qoraaga in taageero oo ka mid ah maxaabiista iyo qoysaskooda. Mid ka mid ah caymiska - ay guushu ku dhibanayaasha Chernobyl ee NPP. Laakiin waa in la ogaadaa in Order of St. Andrey Pervozvannogo qoraa weli diiday, xiganaya uu diidan inay tallaabo ka qaadi doonaan abaalmarinta xoogga wayn, taas oo uu keenay dalka in ay gobolka ka xumahay joogo.

Solzhenitsyn - wax badan ku siyaadiyey in suugaanta Ruush. In times Soofiyeeti, ayuu waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay mucaarad iyo wadaninimo. Solzhenitsyn isku mid ma ahayn la view this, ku dooday in uu - qoraa oo dhan ka jeclaaday dalkooda Ruush.