Yugoslavia kor u galay waxa gobolka? Imisa dal maydin Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia ayaa muddo dheer dal muhiim ah oo muhiim ah oo masraxa caalamka saaran, horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo warshadaha, gaar ahaan wax soo saarka ee hubka, gawaarida iyo alaabta kiimikada, ciidan weyn, taas oo caddadka ay ka badan 600 kun oo askari oo ... Laakiin dirir gudaha iyo isku dhacyada in dhibayay dalka in ay 90s ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay gaadhay meesha ugu sarreysa oo keentay in xaqiiqda ah in Yugoslavia kor u qarxay. Waa kuwee gobolka maanta, dhamaan ardayda taariikhda baran qaybsan yahay, Yaqaannaan. Tani waa Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Macedonia, Bosnia iyo Herzegovina iyo Kosovo - xoogga qayb ahaan la aqoonsan yahay.

At xididka

Marka on Peninsula Balkan ah , Yugoslavia ahaa gobolka ugu weyn. Dadka ku nool dalalka, lahaa caadooyinka aad u kala duwan iyo dhaqanka, dhaqanka iyo xitaa diin. Laakiin, inkastoo taasi, kulligood way wada noolaa hal dal: Catholics iyo Orthodox Masiixiyiin ah, kuwa ku qoran qoraalka Laatiinka, iyo kuwii - in Cyrillic.

Yugoslavia ayaa had iyo jeer soo jiito ah ugu guulaysannaa badan. Tusaale ahaan, Hungary qarnigii XII ah, ayaa qabsaday Croatia. Serbia, Bosnia iyo Herzegovina dhaqaaqay Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda, dadka deggan badan oo dalalka oo lagu qasbay si loogu badalo si Islam. Kaliya Montenegro ayaa muddo dheer xor ah oo madax bannaan. Waqti ka, awood u Turkish ayaa laga badiyay saameyn iyo awood ay, sidaas darteed, Austria wareegay dhulka Yugoslav in hore iska soo taxnaa. Kaliya ee qarnigii XIX ee Serbia ahaa in la dhalatey dowlad madax banaan awood.

Dalkan ayaa midoobeen oo dhan dalalkii Balkan filiqsanaa. oo ahaa boqorkii dalka Serbia noqday taliyaha Niko, Slovenes iyo dadyowga kale Yugoslav. Mid ka mid ah ciqaab ah, Alexander I, kuwaas oo abaabulan inqilaabkii iyo Power siiyey magaca cusub ee 1929 - Yugoslavia, kaas oo tarjumayaa "dalka reer South Slavs ah".

Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee

History of Yugoslavia qarnigii XX soo qaaday qaab ka dhanka ah asalka ah ee dagaalladii dunida. Inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida waxaa loo abuuray a dhaqdhaqaaqa anti-faashistihii awood badan. Communists abaabulay dhuumaalaysiga ah dhulka hoostiisa. Laakiin ka dib markii guushii ay ka gaareen Hitler, Yugoslavia ma qayb ka mid ah Midowga Soofiyeeti, sida la filayo u noqdaan. Waxay ku hadhay oo lacag la'aan ah, laakiin dalka hantiwadaag, halkaas oo waxaa jiray xisbiga talada haya oo kaliya hal - shuuciga.

Horraantii 1946, ka dibna ansixiyay dastuurka, taasoo ku calaamadsan Abuuridda Dadka Federaalka cusub Republic of a Yugoslavia. Waxay ka kooban yahay lix unug madax banaan. Serbia, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia iyo Herzegovina, iyo sidoo kale laba gobol ismaamul - Kosovo iyo Vojvodina - sameeyay awood cusub. Taas oo dalka ka mid ah Yugoslavia jejebiyeen mustaqbalka? Waa in kuwan Jamhuuriyadda yar iyo asalka ah, ka mid ah taas oo ah hogaamiyaha ayaa had iyo jeer Serbia. dadka deggan ahaayeen kooxda ugu weyn ee qowmiyadaha: ku dhawaad 40% ka mid ah oo dhan ee Yugoslavia. Caqli ahaan, xubnaha kale ee xiriirka waa wax yar oo kale, iyo xoogga gudahood uu bilowdey iskahorimaadka, iyo dirir.

Laga bilaabo dhammaadka

Xiisada u dhexeeya kooxaha qowmiyadaha kala duwan - sababta ugu weyn in Yugoslavia burburtay. Waa kuwee dalalka ayaa faray jahawareer iyo gardarada madaxda kacdoonkii ay? First of dhan, ee waqooyi-galbeed Croatia iyo Slovenia, kaas oo la Shafay, sida haddii gardaraysi ay nolol tayo sare leh quruumaha ka miskiinsan. Cadho iyo stress ku dhex tacsida koray. Yugoslavia dayn inay isu fiirsadaan sidii mid dadka, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in soo socda ku noolaa in ay sida ugu badan 60 sano.

In 1980, uu u dhintay hoggaamiyihii shuuciga, Marshal Tito. Ka dib markii in, guddoomiyaha Presidium la doortay sanad kasta bisha May ka mid ah musharaxiinta u gudbiyeen Jamhuuriyadda kasta. Inkastoo sinnaanta this, dadka weli qancin iyo faraxsanayn. Tan iyo 1988, u xuub sii xumaatay heerka nool oo dhan muwaadiniinta Yugoslavia, wuxuu bilaabay inuu hoos u dhacay wax soo saarka, halkii la Shafay sicir bararka iyo shaqo la'aanta. Mas'uuliyiin ka tirsan dalka, hogaaminayo Mikulic iska casilay, rabay xukunka ka buuxa Slovenia, dareen wadaninimo ku bakhtiistay, Kosovo gooni. Dhacdooyinkaasi waxay ahaayeen bilowgii dhamaadka, oo keentay in xaqiiqda ah in Yugoslavia kor u qarxay. Taas oo gobolka u qaybsan yahay, waxay muujinaysaa map hadda dunida, kaas oo si cad u muujiyey dal madax banaan sida Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia iyo Herzegovina.

Slobodan Milosevic

Hoggaamiyahan firfircoon si ay awood u yimid sanadkii 1988, ay ugu sarreysey ee dirir. Siyaasaddiisa ugu horeysay ee uu ku faray in ay ku noqdaan hoos garabka of Federaalka Jamhuuriyadda of Kosovo iyo Vojvodina. Oo intii qowmiyadaha seerbiyiin dalalka kuwanu waxay ahaayeen dhawr, dad badan oo dalka oo ay taageerayaan. falalka Milosevic kaliya uga sii daray xaaladda. Waxa uu doonayay inuu abuuro awood awood Serbian ama si fudud ka faa'ideystay isku dhacyada gudaha in ay qaataan a kursiga dowladda diiran, si ninna waxba kama oga. Laakiin ugu danbeyn ka qarxay Yugoslavia. waxaa la qaybsan tahay dowlad kasta, xataa maanta waxaa la ogsoon yahay in ay carruurta. Taariikhda Peninsula Balkan ee buugaagta ugu qaybiyey in ka badan hal cutubka.

In 1989, dhaqaalaha iyo siyaasadda ee FPRY la kulmay hoos u dhac deg-deg ah. Ante Markovic, ra'iisul-wasaaraha cusub, isku dayeen in ay fuliyaan taxane ah oo dib u habaynta, laakiin waxay ahayd goor dambe. Sicir gaadhay 1000%, deynta ah ee dalka u kacay inuu 21 bilyan oo dollar in dalalka kale. Loogana hortegi this, Serbia ansixiyay dastuur cusub oo u diiday hoosaad ee Vojvodina iyo Kosovo. Slovenia, Dhanka kale, la aasaasay isbahaysi la Croatia.

hordhaca ah ee xisbiyada badan

History of Yugoslavia dowlad ahaan hal Ciddi leh dhamaado 1990-. Sanadihii kuwa, dalka ayaa weli isku dayaysa in ay u badbaadin ka burburkii: Communists ay go'aansatay in ay awood u leh dhinacyada kale oo si xor ah oo madax banaan loo doortay by dadka la wadaagto. doonistiisa ayaa waxaa fuliyay sanadkii 1990. Xisbiga shuuciga ee Milosevic helay qeybta libaax ee codbixiyayaasha, laakiin ku saabsan guusha complete hadli karin kaliya ee Montenegro iyo Serbia.

Isla mar ahaantaana qaybaha kale ee doodda karaya. Kosovo caabiyay tallaabooyin adag laga qaado si loo xakameeyo waddaniyadda Albanian. In Croatia, seerbiyiin ku go'aansaday in la abuuro ay madaxbannaani gaar ah. Laakiin dharbaaxo ugu weyn ahaa dhawaaqay madaxbanaanida ah Slovenia yar, taas oo dadka degaanka u codeeyay in afti. Intaas ka dib FPRY bilaabay inuu u qadimeen go'aankooda. Taas oo dalka ka mid ah Yugoslavia soo ururiseen? ka Slovenia, waaxda reebo sidoo kale si deg deg ah Makedoniya iyo Croatia, ka dibna Bosnia iyo Herzegovina -. Ugu dambayntii noqday dalalka gooni ah Montenegro iyo Serbia, oo ilaa dhawaan ay taageerayaan daacadnimada gobolka Balkan.

Dagaalka Yugoslavia

Dowladda FRNYU ayaa muddo dheer isku dayeen in ay dalkaasi ku sii mar awood badan oo qani. Ciidamada ayaa loo diray Croatia for tirtiridda xasillooni weyn in ay jiraan dhanka ah asalka ah ee halganka madaxbannaanida kacay. Taariikhda daraawiishi ay of Yugoslavia hufan bilaabay gobolka, iyo tan iyo Slovenia - labada Jamhuuriyadda ahaayeen mucaaradka ugu horeysay. Inta lagu jiro sannadaha of tallaabo military, tobanaan kun oo qof ayaa halkan la dilay, boqolaal kun waayay guryahoodii weligiis.

Abdilaahi Next rabshadaha ka qarxay Bosnia iyo Kosovo. dhiigga dadka aan waxba galabsan ku dhawaad toban sano halkan biyaa ku dhawaad maalin kasta. The wax-u unit Yugoslaviyadii muddo dheer oo aan la baabbi'in kari lahaa wax kasta oo talada haya awood ama nabad ilaalinta ciidamada inay ku tuuraan West halkan. Ka dibna, NATO iyo Midowga Yurub ayaa la dagaallameen laftiisa la Milosevic, tiriska ahaa xasuuqa dad rayid ah iyo gumaadka ay kula maxaabiista dagaalka ee xeryaha. Sidaas darteed, uu u soo diray inuu tribunal ah.

Imisa dal maydin Yugoslavia? Ka dib markii sannado badan oo iska hor imaad ku map dunida la aasaasay halkii mid ka mid awood lix. Tani waa Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia iyo Herzegovina. Waxa kale oo jira madaxbanaanida Kosovo, laakiin dalalka oo dhan ma aqoonsan yahay. Ka mid ah kuwa marka hore ku sameeyey, waxay ahaayeen Midowga Yurub iyo Maraykanka.