Xisaabyahan Ingiriisi Dzhordzh Bul: Biography, shaqada

Imaatinka qoys-xoogsatada saboolka ah Dzhordzh Bul lama dhashay wakhtigaas, meel qaldan, oo sida xaqiiqada ah aan fasalka bulshada. Ma uusan leeyihiin fursad ay ku koraan hanad xisaabeed, laakiin wuxuu ku samayn in kasta oo ay wax walba.

Dzhordzh Bul: Biography

Boole dhashay November 2, 1815 magaalada Ingiriisi warshadaha ee Lincoln, waxay ahayd nasiib leennahay aabbe kan qudhiisu uu xiiseynayo in xisaabta iyo casharada siiyey wiilkiisii. Intaa waxaa dheer, waa inuu isaga ku baray sida loo samayn doonaan alaabta indhaha. Young George doondoono kor u qaadatay waxbarashada, oo ay da'diisu ahayd siddeed sannadood, dhaafay is-baray aabbihiis.

saaxiib qoyska A ka caawiyay baro wiilka aasaasiga ah Latin iyo daallan in dhowr sano. Waayo 12 sano ayaa Bull turjumay gabayada Roman qadiimiga ah. Waayo, 14 sano, George ahaa si fiican ugu Jarmal, Talyaani iyo Faransiis. At 16 jir uu noqday macalin ku xigeenka oo wax ku baray in dugsiyada dhulka miyiga ah ee West Riding ee Yorkshire. At labaatan, uu furay uu dugsiga u gaar ah in magaalada uu ku dhashay.

In ka badan dhowrkii sano ee soo socda muddo gaaban oo lacag la'aan ah Dzhordzh Bul qaatay reading joornaalada xisaabeed amaahatay machadka maxalliga ah ee farsamo. Waxaa uu akhriyo shaqada Isaaka Nyutona "Principia" iyo shuqulkii saynisyahano Faransiis Laplace iyo Lagrange XVIII iyo XIX qarniyo "khuseeya on Farsamoyaqaan Murashax" iyo "Farsamoyaqaan Analytical". Waxa uu dhawaan ka adkaan ugu adag ee ah in mabaadi'da xisaabta waqtiga oo bilaabay si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatooyinka aljabrada adag.

Waa wakhtiga si ay u guuraan on.

xiddigaha kacaya

At 24 jir, Dzhordzh Bul daabacay joornaalka xisaabeed University Cambridge uu article ugu horeysay, "Studies of aragtida ah ee transformations analytic" dhibaatooyinka aljabrada ee transformations toosan iyo isla'egyada kala duwan ee xooga saara fikirka ah invariance. In ka badan toban sano ee soo socota, uu xiddiga kacday la il joogta ah articles asalka ah, ku koobnayn oo qura xisaabta.

By 1844, waxa uu xoogga saaray isticmaalka falanqaynta combinatorial iyo hawlaha xisaabta, waayo, Rowan yar iyo tiro aan la koobi karayn. Sannaddii isku mid ah shaqada, la daabacay ayaa lagu Journal of Royal Society ee "Macaamilada falsafada," kaalintii uu falanqaynta xisaabeed iyo dood ah hababka isku algebra si kala duwan iyo kalkulaska muhiim, uu gudoon siiyo bilad dahab ah.

Dzhordzh Bul ugu dhaqsaha badan waxay bilaabeen inay baadhaan fursadaha dib ugu isticmaalaya algebra si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatooyinka macquulka ah. In 1847 "Xisaabeed Analysis of Logic", ayuu ma aha oo kaliya balaariyay fikrado hore Gottfried Leibniz on xiriirk ka dhexeeya macquulka ah iyo xisaab, laakiin sidoo kale cadeeyay in hore ugu horrayn waa edbinta xisaabeed, halkii falsafada.

Shaqada Tani ayaa sababay ma aha oo kaliya jaceylka ee macquulka ah u fiican Augustus De Morgan (mentor Ady Bayron), laakiin meel ka mid ah professor of xisaabta ee Queens College ee Ireland ayaa sidoo kale xaqiijistay xitaa iyada oo aan waxbarasho jaamacadeed.

Dzhordzh Bul: aljebra Boolean

ka waajibaadka dugsiga sii daayay, hanad xisaabeed bilaabay siina qoto dheer ay shaqo u gaar ah, oo diiradda saaraya horumarinta "falanqaynta Xisaabeed" wuxuuna go'aansaday in la helo hab lagu qoro dood macquul ah luqad gaar ah oo ay ku noqon lahaa ay suuragal tahay in ay ku cayaaraan oo xalliyaan xisaab.

Isagu wuxuu u aljabrada luqada yimid, saddex hawlood oo waaweyn waxa ay ahaayeen (oo weli ku jira) "IYO", "AMA" iyo "MA". Kuwani saddex hawlood oo sal u noqonaya dhismaha iyo waxay ahaayeen shaqeeya oo kaliya looga baahan yahay si ay u qabtaan hawlaha la barbardhigo iyo hawlaha xisaabta aasaasiga ah.

nidaamka Boole ayaa waxaa lagu tilmaamay in si faahfaahsan ee uu shaqada "Daraasadan oo ka mid ah sharciyada oo fikirka ah, taas oo ku saleysan oo dhan aragtiyaha xisaabeed ee macquulka ah iyo ixtimaalka", 1854, oo ku salaysan hab binary, oo ku shaqeeya oo leh labo shay oo kaliya - "haa" ama "maya", "run" iyo " been ah "," on "iyo" off "si" 0 "iyo" 1 ".

nolosha Personal

sanadka soo socda wuxuu guursaday Mary Everest, walaasha of Sir George Everest, kii ka dib markii la magacaabay buurta ugu sarreeya dunida oo. Lamaanahan ayaa shan gabdhood. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah, waayeelladii ka, wuxuu noqday macallinka chemistry. Qaar kalena waxay ku lug joomateri. Gabadha ugu da'da yaraa ee George Boole, Ethel Lilian Voynich, wuxuu qoraa caan ah oo qoray shuqullada dhowr, kuwa ugu caansan ka mid ah taas oo ah sheeko ah "Gadfly The".

kuwa raacsan

Waxa la yaab leh, siiyey sharafta xisaabta ee wareegyada tacliimeed, fikradda ah Boole dhaleeceeyay ama gebi ahaan iska indho by inta badan saffarro uu. Nasiib wanaag, logician Maraykanka Charles Sanders Peirce ka furan.

Laba iyo toban sannadood ka dib markii daabacaadda "Research" Pearce khudbad gaaban, wuxuu qeexayaa fikradda ah Boole of American Academy of Arts oo Sciences, ka dibna qaatay in ka badan 20 sano, la beddelo oo waasicinnay loo xaqiiqsado culayska ka mid ah aragtida ah in dhaqanka. Tani waxay ugu dambeyntii keentay in design ah ee circuit macquulka korontada saldhigga.

Pierce uu macquulka teori dhab marnaba dhisay, sidii uu ahaa aqoonyahan weyn yahay koronto yaqaan, laakiin bandhigay algebra a Boolean koorsooyinka jaamacadda falsafada macquul ah.

In dhamaadka, hal arday hibo leh, Klod Shennon, qaateen fikrad this oo waxay ku horumariyo.

shaqada Recent

In 1957, George Boole loo doortay Saaxiibkii Society Royal ah.

Ka dib markii ay "Research", ayuu soo daabacay qaar ka mid ah shuqulladii, kuwaas oo laba ka ugu saameynta badan yihiin "khuseeya on kala egta" (1859) iyo "A khuseeya on the Calculus ee Khilaaf uguna" (1860). Books loo isticmaalaa sida buugaagta sanado badan. Waxa uu sidoo kale isku dayay in la abuuro hab caadi ah ee aragtida ixtimaalka, taasoo ah wax ay xogta ka dhici kara nidaamka mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka si loo ogaado jaaniska xiga ee dhacdo kasta ee la xidhiidha ee lagu qeexay macquul ah.

Caddeynta ugu dambeeyey

Nasiib darro, shaqada kala gooyey Boulle markii uu dhintay "hargab xumad" ee da'da 49 ka dib markii 3 kilomitir in roobka, waxaana uu macalin ee dharka qoyan. ayuu Tani ayaa la xaqiijiyey mar kale in hanad iyo dareen caadi ah oo mararka qaarkood ay leeyihiin wax yar ka wadaagaan.

oo dhaxalkaygiina

"Falanqaynta Xisaabeed" iyo "Research" George Boole bilaabay algebra ku Boolean, kaas oo mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan macquulka Boolean.

Uu nidaamka laba qiyamka, dood-soociddiisa galay fasalada kala duwan, taas oo markaa ka qaban karto hawlaha sida ay joogitaanka ama maqnaanshaha of hantida qaar ayaa u suurta si ay u sameeyaan go'aano loo eegin tirada xubno shaqsi.

Talaaboda Buhl keentay in abuurka ah ee codsiyada, oo uu weligood ku fekerin. Tusaale ahaan, kombiyuutarada waxaa loo isticmaalaa in tirada binary iyo xubno macquul ah, qaab-dhismeedka iyo hawlgalka oo ku salaysan macquulka Boolean. Science, kaas oo waxaa loo arkaa aasaasihii Dzhordzh Bul, computer, baadhayaa aasaaska afka baarkiisa ah ee macluumaadka iyo xisaabinta, iyo sidoo kale hababka wax ku ool ah ay fulinta.