Shucaaca Blackbody iyo

Waxaa loo yaqaan jidhka madow sida sababtoo ah waxa ay nuuga kuwa kufa oo dhan isaga (ama halkii ay u) shucaaca ee spectrum ee la arki karo iyo meelo ka baxsan. Laakiin haddii aan jidhka la kululeeyo, tamarta dib dib-u-timaada. shucaaca Tan waxaa timaada by jidhka madow, waa oo xiiso gaar ah. The isku day marka hore inaad wax ka barato hantida ay fuliyeen xitaa ka hor soo bixitaanka of model laftiisa.

In bilawgii qarnigii 19aad, Dzhon Lesli tijaabiyay walxaha kala duwan. Sida ka leexatay, danbas madow ma aha oo kaliya nuuga dhacdada oo dhan at nuurkeedu arki karo. Waxay radiated ee kala duwan ee infrared waa badan ka xoog badan kale, walxaha fududee. Waxay ahayd shucaaca kulaylka in uu yahay ka dhan noocyada kale ee guryaha badan oo kala duwan ah. hoganaya blackbody shucaaca, dhqaalaha, ma jiraan wax kala iibsiga tamarta iyo waxay ku xiran tahay heerkulka jidhka. At heerkul ah ku filan sare ee shayga shucaaca kaamerada la sameeyo arki karo, ka dibna jirka wax kasta oo ay ka mid yihiin blackbody a keensataa midab.

shay Tani waxay gaar ah oo shanqarta oo keliya gaar ah nooca tamarta, kuma gabood falaan laga yaabaa inay soo jiitaan dareenka. Tan iyo markii aynu ka hadlayno shucaaca kaamerada, ka qaaciidooyinka hore iyo aragtiyo ku saabsan sida spectrum waa in u eg, waxaa la soo jeediyay in qaabka guud ee thermodynamics. thermodynamics heer sare ah loo ogaado kara waxa Milanello waa in ay ugu badnaan shucaaca heerkulka a siiyey, taas oo jiho iyo inta uu u dhaqaaqi doono on kululaynta iyo qaboojinta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu ku guuldareystay in la saadaaliyo sida qaybinta tamarta ee spectrum ee blackbody a at dhan wavelengths, iyo gaar ahaan, kala duwan ultraviolet ah.

Sida ay fikradaha ah thermodynamics classical, tamarta la timaada karaa by qayb kasta, oo ay ku jiraan u duqeeyey sida la doonayo. Laakiin jidhka madow dhaadheer lahaa wavelengths gaaban, tamarta ee qaar ka mid ah qayb ka ay noqon waa mid aad u ballaaran, oo waxay ku aadi lahaa xad berrinkii hirarka aalladda gaaban. Sida xaqiiqda ah taasi suurtogal ahayn, waxaa jiray xad isla'egyada iyo waxa loo yaqaan waayaha ultraviolet. Kaliya Planck ee ahayd in tamar la timaada karaa qaybo Discrete - quanta - caawiyay si loo xaliyo dhibaatada. Maanta thermodynamics isleegyo jira xaalado gaar ah oo ka mid ah isla'egyada of physics galmada.

Asal ahaan jidhka madow matalayay sida saabka la furitaanka cidhiidhi ah. Shucaaca ka baxsan helo galay saabka noocan oo kale ah iyo nuugo derbiyada dhinacooda. On spectrum ee shucaaca ah, oo waa in ay leeyihiin jidhka madow, kiiskan, si la mid ah spectrum warshadu hawada ee laga galo godka, godka ceelka, daaqad qol mugdi ah maalin qoraxdu, iwm ah Laakiin inta badan dhan oo isaga la spectra la mid ah ilayska qeybta microwave runtan oo ka mid ah caalamka iyo xiddigaha, oo ay ku jiraan qorraxda.

Waa ammaan in la yidhaahdo in dheeraad ah shayga gaar ah oo qayb ka haysta tamartaa kala duwan, ayaa in ka badan waxay u eg doona shucaaca blackbody. tamarta qalooca qaybinta ee spectrum ee blackbody ah ka tarjumaysaa regularities tirakoobka ee nidaamka of Qurub, iyadoo farqiga kaliya in tamarta kala qaado dhexgalka ee Discrete.